A potential model for assessing and adapting island biodiversity to the risks of climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Ball ◽  
Hannah Gilbert-Ball
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Island Biodiversity

scholarly journals Effect of Climate Change on Soil Erosion in a Mountainous Mediterranean Catchment (Central Pindus, Greece)

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Stefanidis ◽  
Dimitrios Stathis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

The aim of this study was to assess soil erosion changes in the mountainous catchment of the Portaikos torrent (Central Greece) under climate change. To this end, precipitation and temperature data were derived from a high-resolution (25 × 25 km) RegCM3 regional climate model for the baseline period 1974–2000 and future period 2074–2100. Additionally, three GIS layers were generated regarding land cover, geology, and slopes in the study area, whereas erosion state was recognized after field observations. Subsequently, the erosion potential model (EPM) was applied to quantify the effects of precipitation and temperature changes on soil erosion. The results showed a decrease (−21.2%) in annual precipitation (mm) and increase (+3.6 °C) in mean annual temperature until the end of the 21st century, and the above changes are likely to lead to a small decrease (−4.9%) in soil erosion potential.

Climate change, sea-level rise, and conservation: keeping island biodiversity afloat

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Courchamp ◽  
Benjamin D. Hoffmann ◽  
James C. Russell ◽  
Camille Leclerc ◽  
Céline Bellard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Island Biodiversity

scholarly journals Island Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Russell ◽  
Christoph Kueffer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
New Strategies

Biodiversity on marine islands is characterized by unique biogeographic, phylogenetic and functional characteristics. Islands hold a disproportionate amount of the world's biodiversity, and they have also experienced a disproportionate loss of it. Following human contact, island biodiversity has sustained negative human impacts increasing in rate and magnitude as islands transitioned from primary through secondary to tertiary economies. On islands, habitat transformation and invasive non-native species have historically been the major threats to biodiversity, and although these threats will continue in new forms, new impacts such as human-induced climate change and sea-level rise are emerging. Island biodiversity is changing with some species going extinct, others changing in abundance, non-native species becoming a part of many ecosystems, and humans shaping many ecological processes. Islands thus are microcosms for the emerging biodiversity and socioecological landscapes of the Anthropocene. Islands will require new strategies for the protection and restoration of their biodiversity, including maintaining biological and cultural heritage through regenerative practices, mainstreaming biodiversity in cultural and production landscapes, and engaging with the reality of novel ecosystems.

Future climate change driven sea-level rise: secondary consequences from human displacement for island biodiversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2707-2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian T. Wetzel ◽  
W. Daniel Kissling ◽  
Helmut Beissmann ◽  
Dustin J. Penn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Human Displacement

scholarly journals Management implications based on diversity patterns under climate change scenarios in a continental island biodiversity hotspot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis ◽  
Ioannis P. Kokkoris ◽  
Maria Panitsa ◽  
Panayiotis Trigas ◽  
Arne Strid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Conservation

AbstractIn the Anthropocene era, climate change poses a great challenge in environmental management and decision-making for species and habitat conservation. To support decision-making, many studies exist regarding the expected vegetation changes and the impacts of climate change on European plants, yet none has investigated how climate change will affect the extinction risk of the entire endemic flora of an island biodiversity hotspot, with intense human disturbance. Our aim is to assess, in an integrated manner, the impact of climate change on the biodiversity and biogeographical patterns of Crete and to provide a case-study upon which a cost-effective and climate-smart conservation planning strategy might be set. We employed a variety of macroecological analyses and estimated the current and future biodiversity, conservation and extinction hotspots in Crete, as well as the factors that may have shaped these distribution patterns. We also evaluated the effectiveness of climate refugia and the NATURA 2000 network (PAs) on protecting the most vulnerable species and identified the taxa that should be of conservation priority based on the Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) index, during any environmental management process. The highlands of Cretan mountain massifs have served as both diversity cradles and museums, due to their stable climate and high topographical heterogeneity. They are also identified as biodiversity hotspots, as well as areas of high conservation and evolutionary value, due their high EDGE scores. Due to the ‘escalator to extinction’ phenomenon and the subsequent biotic homogenization, these areas are projected to become diversity ‘death-zones’ in the near future and should thus be prioritized in terms of conservation efforts and by decision makers. In-situ conservation focusing at micro-reserves and ex-situ conservation practices should be considered as an insurance policy against such biodiversity losses, which constitute cost-effective conservation measures. Scientists and authorities should aim the conservation effort at areas with overlaps among PAs and climate refugia, characterized by high diversity and EDGE scores. These areas may constitute Anthropocene refugia. Thus, this climate-smart, cost-effective conservation-prioritization planning will allow the preservation of evolutionary heritage, trait diversity and future services for human well-being and acts as a pilot for similar regions worldwide.

Late Quaternary climate change shapes island biodiversity

Nature ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 532 (7597) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Weigelt ◽  
Manuel Jonas Steinbauer ◽  
Juliano Sarmento Cabral ◽  
Holger Kreft
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Island Biodiversity

scholarly journals Plant Diversity Patterns and Conservation Implications under Climate-Change Scenarios in the Mediterranean: The Case of Crete (Aegean, Greece)

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis ◽  
Ioannis P. Kokkoris ◽  
Maria Panitsa ◽  
Panayiotis Trigas ◽  
Arne Strid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
Endemic Flora

Climate change poses a great challenge for biodiversity conservation. Several studies exist regarding climate change’s impacts on European plants, yet none has investigated how climate change will affect the extinction risk of the entire endemic flora of an island biodiversity hotspot, with intense human disturbance. Our aim is to assess climate change’s impacts on the biodiversity patterns of the endemic plants of Crete (S Aegean) and provide a case-study upon which a climate-smart conservation planning strategy might be set. We employed a variety of macroecological analyses and estimated the current and future biodiversity, conservation and extinction hotspots in Crete. We evaluated the effectiveness of climatic refugia and the Natura 2000 network of protected areas (PAs) for protecting the most vulnerable species and identified the taxa of conservation priority based on the Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) index. The results revealed that high altitude areas of Cretan mountains constitute biodiversity hotspots and areas of high conservation and evolutionary value. Due to the “escalator to extinction” phenomenon, these areas are projected to become diversity “death-zones” and should thus be prioritised. Conservation efforts should be targeted at areas with overlaps among PAs and climatic refugia, characterised by high diversity and EDGE scores. This conservation-prioritisation planning will allow the preservation of evolutionary heritage, trait diversity and future ecosystem services for human well-being and acts as a pilot for similar regions worldwide.

scholarly journals A Spatial Forestry Productivity Potential Model for Pinus arizonica Engelm, a Key Timber Species from Northwest Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Martínez-Salvador ◽  
Ricardo Mata-Gonzalez ◽  
Alfredo Pinedo-Alvarez ◽  
Carlos R. Morales-Nieto ◽  
Jesús A. Prieto-Amparán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Si Model ◽  
Edaphic Variables ◽  
Productivity Potential

Pinus arizonica is a widely distributed tree species growing in temperate forests of Northwest Mexico where it is utilized through different regeneration harvest methods. Yet, management models based on estimations of its productive potential are sorely lacking. In this study, a procedure to create a productive map using site index (SI) equations and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was developed. A SI model for P. arizonica was created for the study area and used to classify a group of randomly sampled plots on three productivity categories (High, Medium, and Low) for management purposes. Climatic, topographic and edaphic variables were determined on the sampled plots. Then, a statistically-based analysis was performed to identify the climatic, topographic and edaphic variables significantly influencing the productivity levels. Based on the values of these significant variables, a map of productive potential was elaborated for the whole study area. Sites with the highest productivity were those with slopes ≤12°, soil depths ≥0.46 m, minimum and maximum mean annual temperatures of 5 °C and 18 °C respectively, and precipitation ≥900 mm. This methodology could be considered for similar species/conditions where productivity models do not exist or to update old models rendered obsolete by climate change.

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