scholarly journals The predominantly fresh history of Lake Alexandrina, South Australia, and its implications for the Murray–Darling Basin Plan: a comment on Gell (2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tibby ◽  
Deborah Haynes ◽  
Kerri Muller
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor

The pre-European settlement state of Lake Alexandrina, a lake system at the mouth of the River Murray has been the subject of some debate. Fluin et al. (2007) concluded on the basis of diatom evidence from sediment cores that ‘Marine water indicators were never dominant in Lake Alexandrina’. In a report to the South Australian Government, Fluin et al. (2009) stated, consistent with the earlier research, that ‘There is no evidence in the 7000 year record of substantial marine incursions into Lake Alexandrina’. Gell (2020) has argued both that Fluin et al. (2009) is in error and claims that it, and Sim and Muller’s (2004) book that describes early European settler accounts of the lake being fresh, underpin water provisions for Lake Alexandrina under the Murray–Darling Basin Plan. This response demonstrates that all these claims are untrue. Of the three diatom species suggested by Gell (2020) to be indicators of marine waters, Thalassiosira lacustris grows in the freshwater River Murray today, Cyclotella striata was never more than a minor component of the diatom flora and Paralia sulcata has not been detected in the lake in over 3000 years. Water provisions for Lake Alexandrina under The Basin Plan are founded on contemporary environmental water requirements and achievement of agreed socio-ecological-economic objectives, rather than the history of the lake. Nevertheless, the aim to maintain the lake as a freshwater ecosystem under The Murray–Darling Basin Plan is consistent with its history.

Mela's Phoenician Geography

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 70-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Batty
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Technical Writing ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
History Of Cartography ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Ancient Geography

The appearance in 1998 of F. E. Romer's English translation of Pomponius Mela's De Chorographia has helped to raise further the profile of this previously rather obscure author. Indeed, since the publication a decade previously of the Budé edition by Alain Silberman, interest in Mela seems to have grown quite steadily. Important contributions in German by Kai Brodersen have widened our appreciation of Mela's place within ancient geography as a whole, and his role within the history of cartography has been the subject of a number of shorter pieces.One element common to all these works, however, is a continuing tendency to disparage both Mela himself and the work he created. This is typified by Romer, for whom Mela was ‘a minor writer, a popularizer, not a first-class geographer’; one ‘shocking reason’ for his choice of genre was simply poor preparation, ‘insufficient for technical writing in geography’. Similar judgements appear in the works of Brodersen and Silberman. Mela's inaccuracies are, for these critics, typical of the wider decline of geography in the Roman period. Perhaps such negative views sprang initially from a sense of frustration: it was counted as one of our author's chief defects that he failed to list many sources for his work. For scholars interested in Quellenforschung it makes poor reading. Yet, quite clearly, the De Chorographia has also been damned by comparison. Mela's work has been held against the best Graeco-Roman learning on geography during antiquity—against Strabo, Ptolemy, or Pliny—and it has usually been found wanting. Set against the achievements of his peers, his work does not stand close scrutiny. Thus, for most scholars, the text has been read as a failed exercise in technical geography, or a markedly inferior document in the wider Graeco-Roman geographical tradition.

A geochronological framework for sedimentation and Mesoproterozoic tectono-magmatic activity in lower Belt–Purcell rocks exposed west of Kimberley, British Columbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 444-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R.M. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Peraluminous Granite ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Ductile Shearing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metamorphic Zone ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Plate Reconstruction

The Matthew Creek Metamorphic Zone (MCMZ) exposes what is inferred to be the lowest structural level of the lower Aldridge Formation in the Canadian portion of the Belt–Purcell Supergroup. Zircon, monazite, and titanite were dated using the U–Pb system by LA–ICP–MS. The detrital zircon populations of quartzite layers in these rocks define a provenance dominated by sources of Laurentian affinity with a minor component of non-North American ages between 1600 and 1490 Ma. Special attention was paid to monazite in sillimanite-grade metapelitic schists that was analyzed using in situ LA–ICP–MS techniques guided by BSE imaging and compositional mapping. Textural and geochronological evidence indicate that coupled dissolution–reprecipitation affected detrital monazite at 1413 ± 10 Ma. This was followed by prograde monazite growth at 1365 ± 10 Ma, synchronous with crystallization of the nearby Hellroaring Creek peraluminous granite at 1365 ± 5 Ma. Late-stage pegmatite emplacement and ductile shearing along the contact of the MCMZ and overlying rocks occurred at 1335 ± 5 Ma, interpreted as a period of post-collisional extension, core complex formation, exhumation, and decompression melting. The entire package was subsequently affected by a pervasive ∼1050 Ma hydrothermal overprint that partially reset U–Pb dates in monazite, zircon, and titanite contained in all lithologies examined. The lowermost Belt–Purcell stratigraphy in southeast British Columbia preserves a detailed record of sedimentary provenance and a long history of episodic collision and extension that must be reconciled with plate reconstruction models for the break-up of the Nuna supercontinent and assembly of Rodinia.

Conservation of an inauspicious endangered freshwater fish, Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis), during drought and competing water demands in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain M. Ellis ◽  
Daniel Stoessel ◽  
Michael P. Hammer ◽  
Scotte D. Wedderburn ◽  
Lara Suitor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Australian Freshwater

Approximately 40% of Australian freshwater fish species are of conservation concern, largely because of the impacts of river regulation, habitat fragmentation and alien fishes. Murray hardyhead is a threatened fish endemic to the southern Murray–Darling Basin in Australia, which has declined significantly in range and abundance since European settlement. Conservation of the species has relied largely on environmental watering of off-channel wetlands where isolated populations persist. This became problematic during recent drought (1997–2010) because of competing demands for limited water, and resentment towards environmental watering programs from communities that themselves were subject to reduced water entitlements. In response, emergency conservation measures prioritised the delivery of environmental water to minimise applied volumes. Captive maintenance programs were established for fish rescued from four genetically distinct conservation units, with varying levels of breeding success. Several translocations of wild and captive-bred fish to surrogate refuge sites were also conducted. Future recovery of the species should secure existing natural and stocked populations and translocate fish to additional appropriate sites to spread risk and reinstate natural pathways for dispersal. The approach to the conservation of Murray hardyhead during extreme environmental conditions provides insights to inform the management of fishes in other drought-prone regions of the world.

Zîn-ə Hördemîr: A Lekî Satirical Verse from Lekistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
MUSTAFA DEHQAN
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor ◽  
North Western ◽  
Made In

With the exception of a minor mention, which Sharaf Khān (b.1543) made in theSharafnāma, the first information about the most southern group of Kurdish tribes in Iranian Kurdistan, the Lek, first became available to modern readers inBustān al-Sīyāḥa, a geographical and historical Persian text by Shīrwānī (1773–1832). These hitherto unknown Lek communities, were probably settled in north-western and northern Luristan, known as Lekistan, by order of Shāh ‘Abbās, who wished in this way to create some support for Ḥusayn Khān, thewālīof Luristan. Many of the centres of Lekî intellectual life in the late Afshārīd and early Zand period, which is also of much importance in that the Zand dynasty arose from it, are located in this geographical area. One has only to call to mind the names of such places as Alishtar (Silsila), Kūhdasht, Khāwa, Nūr Ābād, Uthmānwand and Jalālwand in the most southern districts of Kirmānshāh, and also the Lek tribes of eastern Īlām. The very mention of these cities and villages already sets in motion in one's imagination the parade of Twelver Shiites, Ahl-i Haqq heretics, and non-religious oral literary councils which constitutes the history of Lekî new era. But unfortunately little of this is known in the West and Lekî literature remains one of the neglected subjects of literary and linguistic Kurdish studies. This important oral literature and also some written manuscripts are unpublished and untranslated into western languages. The subject of this article is the translation ofZîn-ə Hördemîr, as an example of a genre of Lekî written literature which also provides linguistic data for the Lekî dialect of southern Kurdish.

Authigenic Carbonate and the History of the Global Carbon Cycle

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 339 (6119) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Schrag ◽  
John. A. Higgins ◽  
Francis A. Macdonald ◽  
David T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Authigenic Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Global Carbon

We present a framework for interpreting the carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary rocks, which in turn requires a fundamental reinterpretation of the carbon cycle and redox budgets over Earth's history. We propose that authigenic carbonate, produced in sediment pore fluids during early diagenesis, has played a major role in the carbon cycle in the past. This sink constitutes a minor component of the carbon isotope mass balance under the modern, high levels of atmospheric oxygen but was much larger in times of low atmospheric O2or widespread marine anoxia. Waxing and waning of a global authigenic carbonate sink helps to explain extreme carbon isotope variations in the Proterozoic, Paleozoic, and Triassic.

The Rozvi in Search of Their Past

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 13-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
African History ◽  
Great Zimbabwe ◽  
White Writers ◽  
Revival Movements ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Minor

In this paper I have three main objectives. One is to highlight and examine the work of Zimbabwean African historians under colonial rule up to the 1960s. Another is to examine the effect of the work of these historians on the traditions of the Changamire Rozvi, the rulers of the greatest state in Zimbabwe from the late seventeenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The third is to show how Rozvi revival movements arose in the 1950s as a minor feature of the period of African nationalism's mobilization.Although the first history of this country was published as early as 1900, it goes without saying that, in the colonial context, African history was played down and denigrated by most of the white writers on the subject for most of the colonial period. Although there was a strong local white tradition of writing on the minority Ndebele people, the majority Shona-speakers were largely ignored. Apart from a small group of local white antiquarians, whose work is only now undergoing re-evaluation, very little was published before 1960 on the history of the Shona. Yet, despite this general neglect, a small but devoted number of Africans were conscious of their lack of a written history and sought to remedy that lack. They found it a lonely and a difficult task. In a period when African education beyond certain limits was discouraged, they had neither access to proper training nor to primary sources other than traditions. If they were sometimes prone to trust unduly the missionary texts with which they grew up (so that one can read of “King Monomotapa” and “Queen Sheba” borrowing Solomon's Phoenician laborers to build Great Zimbabwe),” one can also read the work of two Duma historians who carefully cited Arabic, Portuguese, and archeological sources in secondary works.

scholarly journals Edward Angle (1855 to 1930) ... the father of modern Orthodontics

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
South African Dental Association
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Considerable Complexity

A man of considerable complexity, Edward Angle combined a fierce determination to achieve perfection with an uncompromising demand that all those around him should also be imbued with the same commitment. It was a combination that enabled Angle to become an icon in Dentistry, for he is widely regarded as the father of modern Orthodontics and his concepts and appliances still provide the foundation for much of the discipline today. He was born in Herrick, Pennsylvania on June 1st 1855. Abandoning the option to continue the family tradition of farming, the young Angle apprenticed himself to a dentist, then enrolled as a student in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. He developed an abiding interest in the challenges of malocclusion and became known for his innovative views on corrective treatment. Appointed as teacher in Orthodontics at St Louis and Washington Universities where the subject was a minor component of the Department of Prosthetics, he became convinced that the discipline warranted separate educational facilities. That became a lifelong objective and indeed resulted in the first institution devoted exclusively to the teaching of Orthodontics... recognised by the State of California in 1924 and designated as The Edward H Angle College of Orthodontia.

3. Insanity Among Criminals

1895 ◽  
Vol 41 (174) ◽  
pp. 539-540
Keyword(s):  
Great Proportion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

From time to time, we apprehend, it falls to the lot of all physicians in public asylums to receive into their institutions insane patients from gaols. After inquiry into the history of the offence, there will not infrequently be considerable reason to believe that the prisoner was insane at and before the date of the act. It often happens in the case of a minor offence that the patient is a general paralytic, and his condition on admission to the asylum makes it certain that the disease was present long before the offence was committed. It is in cases of this kind that we have reason to regret the failure adequately to recognize the relationship between criminology and psychology in this country. In Belgium, as our readers are aware, a commission, consisting of well-known alienists, exists, for the examination of the inmates of prisons. The “American Journal of Insanity,” July, 1894, contains a paper upon the subject by Dr. H. E. Allison, according to whom there exists among the “life men” in prisons (American, we presume), a very great proportion of insanity. In many cases the subsequent history shows that insanity must have existed when the act for which the prisoner has been sentenced was committed. Dr. Allison is of opinion that “insanity in all classes of criminals is too often overlooked, or when recognized, the popular desire is to hold them both sane and responsible.” The article from which we quote once more calls attention to what, in our opinion, is a much needed reform in our methods of disposing of and dealing with cases of crime.

scholarly journals Tiefer See – a key site for lake sediment research in NE Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Brauer ◽  
Markus J. Schwab ◽  
Brian Brademann ◽  
Sylvia Pinkerneil ◽  
Martin Theuerkauf
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Sediment Research ◽  
Ne Germany ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

Abstract. Tiefer See formed in a subglacial gully system at the end of the last glaciation in the northeast German lowlands. The lake has been selected as a focus site within the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatory) NE German observatory because it forms annual laminations (calcite varves) providing detailed information of past climate and environmental changes. Our research integrates palaeolimnology and limnology by combining high-resolution analyses of the sediment record with a comprehensive monitoring of the lake and its sedimentation processes since 2012. This allows evaluation of the observed effects of ongoing climate change in the context of the long-term history of the lake. The lacustrine sediment profile comprises the last 13 000 years and is dated by a multiple dating approach. The sedimentation is dominated by biochemical calcite formation and algal blooms. Detrital material from the catchment forms only a minor component even during times of increased human impact. Repeated changes between well-varved, poorly varved and homogeneous sediment intervals indicate that sedimentation processes in the lake are particularly sensitive to changes in lake circulation. The research at Tiefer See is embedded in ICLEA (https://www.iclea.de, last access: 2 August 2019) and BaltRap (https://www.io-warnemuende.de/projekt/167/baltrap.html, last access: 2 August 2019) projects.

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