Causes of mortality in stranded Common Dolphin (Delphinus sp.) from New Zealand waters between 1998 and 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A Stockin ◽  
Padraig J Duignan ◽  
Wendi D Roe ◽  
Laureline Meynier ◽  
Maurice Alley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Dolphin Population ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Beach Cast

Post-mortem examinations provide valuable information on sources of mortality for marine mammal populations. However, no published data exist to describe causes of death in the New Zealand population of Common Dolphin (Delphinus sp.). In order to examine the proportion of human and non-human induced mortality affecting this population, necropsies were conducted on 133 individuals that stranded around the New Zealand coastline between 1998 and 2008. Of these, 92.5% (n=123) were found as beach cast carcasses, with just 7.5% (n=10) as live strandings that subsequently died or that were euthanized on humane grounds. The sample included 54 males, 67 females and 12 animals of unknown sex from a range of age classes. Of the individuals for which cause of mortality could be established, 41.2% (n=35) were classified as human induced, with 28.2% (n=24) of carcasses exhibiting evidence of net entanglement. A further 10.6% and 32.9% of mortality was attributable to disease and natural (non-human related) causes, respectively. Few examples of disease were detected, but this may be at least partly a consequence of sampling constraints. Of the carcasses assessed, 68.6% of individuals exhibited some form of parasitism. Parasites identified were typical of the genus and considered to be present in low to moderate burdens. The proportion of beach cast carcasses exhibiting evidence of net entanglement suggests that fisheries-related mortality maybe higher than that previously considered for the New Zealand Common Dolphin population.

Blunt trauma observed in a common dolphin delphinus sp. Likely caused by a vessel collision in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand.

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Martinez ◽  
K A Stockin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
The Impact

While coastal cetaceans can become habituated to watercraft, that may not prevent their injury or mortality as a consequence of vessel strike. Here we report a case of a likely collision between a Common Dolphin Delphinus sp. and a recreational vessel in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Injuries sustained by the immature male dolphin were fatal. Recovery and subsequent post-mortem of the carcass revealed a transection of the spinal cord, with the vertebral column sustaining fractures between L17 and Cd7 and between Cd3 and Cd8 of the neural and transverse processes, respectively. Cd4 likely received the brunt of the impact given the vertebral body and epiphyses were also fractured. Paralysis of the lower truck and associated extensive internal injuries resulted in a live stranding and subsequent mortality. Injuries sustained were consistent of those of blunt force trauma, a consequence of an impact caused by a collision with a small watercraft, most likely a jet-ski. This incident reinforces the need for continued public education concerning safe water practices around marine mammals, which are protected under the New Zealand Marine Mammals Protection Act 1978 and Marine Mammals Protection Regulations 1992.

scholarly journals Hidden Consumers in Wave-exposed Boulder Beaches: Implications to Trophic Studies in Marine-terrestrial Ecotones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Hyndes ◽  
Rebecca McCleod ◽  
Rocio Suarez Jimenez ◽  
Derek Richards
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Beach Cast

Abstract Invertebrate communities and ecological processes are well understood in high-energy sandy beaches, where beach-cast wrack (macrophyte detritus) often accumulates and forms hotspots of nutrient cycling as well as enhancing diversity and driving food webs. Grazing invertebrates play a key role in recycling wrack and facilitating the transfer of nutrients for spatial subsidies across this marine-terrestrial ecotone. Cobble and boulder beaches can also form a prominent feature of wave-exposed coasts and accumulate wrack, yet we know far less about the invertebrates in these beaches and their possible role for recycling wrack. Here, we determine the biomass of detrital macrophytes on, and embedded in, the boulder matrix, as well as the density and biomass of macroinvertebrates in high-energy, boulder beaches in south-eastern New Zealand. We use these data to compare densities and biomass of wrack and invertebrates with published data for sandy beaches to examine the possible importance of these understudied coastal habitats in recycling wrack and facilitating trophic subsidies. The biomass of beach-cast macroalgae exceeded 100 g DW 0.1m-2 on boulder beaches, where the kelps Durvillaea spp. and Macrocystis pyrifera were the main forms of wrack on both types of beaches. This was comparable to many other sandy beaches across the globe. However, the total biomass of invertebrates on boulder beaches in our study was higher than that reported for sandy beaches in the region and across the globe, while densities were similar or higher than those found on sandy beaches. Like sandy beaches across the globe, amphipods were abundant on boulder beaches, however, the relatively large gastropod Diloma nigerrimum was particularly dominant in this habitat. With its known high grazing rates, combined with high densities and biomass, this grazer is likely to play a disproportionately important role in the processing of beach-cast kelp and a key role in transferring nutrients back into the ocean or to adjacent terrestrial food webs.

scholarly journals Undetected Causes of Death in Hospitalized Elderly with COVID-19: Lessons from Autopsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Astrid Malézieux-Picard ◽  
Cecilia Ferrer Soler ◽  
David De Macedo Ferreira ◽  
Emilie Gaud-Luethi ◽  
Christine Serratrice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hospitalized Elderly ◽  
Acute Decompensation ◽  
Clinical Chart ◽  
Full Body

Background: Mechanisms and causes of death in older patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are still poorly understood. Methods: We conducted in a retrospective monocentric study, a clinical chart review and post-mortem examination of patients aged 75 years and older hospitalized in acute care and positive for SARS-CoV-2. Full body autopsy and correlation with clinical findings and suspected causes of death were done. Results: Autopsies were performed in 12 patients (median age 85 years; median of 4 comorbidities, mainly hypertension and cardiovascular disease). All cases showed exudative or proliferative phases of alveolar damage and/or a pattern of organizing pneumonia. Causes of death were concordant in 6 cases (50%), and undetected diagnoses were found in 6. Five patients died from hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), five had another associated diagnosis and two died from alternative causes. Deaths that occurred in the second week were related to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia whereas those occurring earlier were related mainly to heart failure and those occurring later to complications. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure was the most common cause of death, post-mortem pathological examination revealed that acute decompensation from chronic comorbidities during the first week of COVID-19 and complications in the third week contributed to mortality.

scholarly journals Causes of mortality and pathological lesions observed post-mortem in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in Great Britain

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor R Simpson ◽  
Judith Hargreaves ◽  
Helen M Butler ◽  
Nicholas J Davison ◽  
David J Everest
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

scholarly journals Tourism affects the behavioural budget of the common dolphin Delphinus sp. in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Stockin ◽  
D Lusseau ◽  
V Binedell ◽  
N Wiseman ◽  
MB Orams
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
The Common

RIGOR MORTIS: PHYSIOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heron Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

Introduction: Estimating the time of death is an important task in day-to-day forensic work and many factors for its designation are understood, one of which is rigor mortis. They can be altered by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as temperature location, humidity, heat, age, sex, length and body weight, and can be used as a parameter for approximate identification of the time of death. Objective: To carry out a brief review on the topic in order to promote a better understanding of the subject addressed and fully understand its physiology. Materials and Methods: Pubmed, Scielo and Medline databases were searched without date restrictions for articles published in English and Portuguese using the descriptors rigor mortis, autolysis and changes after death. Results: The theme presents consolidated researches regarding its natural course, being an important tool to estimate the time of death along other signs that appear after death, as well as to estimate some causes of death. Conclusion: Understanding the development of rigor mortis, helps to identify and distinguish processes that may have led to death and the post-mortem time.

#29: Analysis of Mortality Due to Infections in Pediatric Patients in the Oncology Unit of a Third Level Hospital in La Paz, Bolivia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S18-S18
Author(s):  
Trujillo-Gutierrez Marisol ◽  
Rodriguez-Auad Juan Pablo
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Oncology Unit

Abstract Background In recent decades, advances in cancer treatment have made it possible to improve the prognosis of hemato-oncological patients, however, mortality is still high in developing countries. One of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality during the treatment of children with cancer is infectious complications, especially in the induction phase. The multiple interventions that are carried out during treatment, such as the use of catheters, increase the risk of developing these infections, which can be more frequent if the recommended strategies to prevent them are not applied. The objective of this study was to investigate what were the causes of death in children with cancer at our institution. Methods The medical records of deceased patients were analyzed in the onco-hematology unit of the Children′s Hospital “Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria” in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. The causes of mortality, the stage of chemotherapy in which the death occurred, its relationship with infections and the microorganism identified during 2020 were classified. Results During 2020, 19 deaths were found in cancer patients, the mean age was 8.5 years and of which 52% were male. Regarding the basic diagnosis, there was a higher proportion of hematological diseases 68% and solid tumors 32%. Among the causes of death, 58% were due to their underlying pathology where most of the patients were in palliative care or in relapse and 42% were due to infectious causes, of which 62% were in induction phase of chemotherapy. Among the 8 patients who died from infections, the following causes were found: 50% neutropenic colitis, 25% bacteremia and 25% necrotizing fasciitis; in 7 (87.5%) patients the microorganism was isolated in blood culture, these were E. coli 43%, Klebsiella spp 43% and Bacillus spp 14%. Gram negative bacilli (GNB) represented 86% of the isolates and 50% were producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Conclusions Considering that infections are preventable and are among the most important causes of mortality in children with cancer in our hospital, it is essential that infection control teams are developed that apply evidence-based strategies to prevent these infections and thus achieve a reduction in morbidity and mortality, applying programs with training of human resources and equipment to reduce these deaths.

Notes upon the Incidence of Tuberculosis in Asylums

1906 ◽  
Vol 52 (216) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
George Greene
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
True Proportion ◽  
Lunatic Asylums

It is the prevalent opinion that phthisis is the scourge of our English lunatic asylums, and that these institutions are, literally speaking, hotbeds for the growth and distribution of the tubercle bacillus. In the Irish asylums, where the death-rate from phthisis alone amounts to nearly 30 per cent. of all causes of death, there seems to be just grounds for this belief. In the English asylums, however, the mortality is much lower, and is but little, if any, greater than that amongst the general population. This can be verified by examination of the Registrar-General's Report, from which it appears that phthisis accounts approximately for one in twelve of all deaths. These figures probably represent less than the true proportion of deaths from phthisis, since post-mortem examinations in the majority of cases are not made, and thus, doubtless, many cases of pulmonary tuberculosis are overlooked.

scholarly journals Causes of Mortality in Older People With Intellectual Disability: Results From the HA-ID Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyt Oppewal ◽  
Josje D. Schoufour ◽  
Hanne J.K. van der Maarl ◽  
Heleen M. Evenhuis ◽  
Thessa I.M. Hilgenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract We aim to provide insight into the cause-specific mortality of older adults with intellectual disability (ID), with and without Down syndrome (DS), and compare this to the general population. Immediate and primary cause of death were collected through medical files of 1,050 older adults with ID, 5 years after the start of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities (HA-ID) study. During the follow-up period, 207 (19.7%) participants died, of whom 54 (26.1%) had DS. Respiratory failure was the most common immediate cause of death (43.4%), followed by dehydration/malnutrition (20.8%), and cardiovascular diseases (9.4%). In adults with DS, the most common cause was respiratory disease (73.3%), infectious and bacterial diseases (4.4%), and diseases of the digestive system (4.4%). Diseases of the respiratory system also formed the largest group of primary causes of death (32.1%; 80.4% was due to pneumonia), followed by neoplasms (17.6%), and diseases of the circulatory system (8.2%). In adults with DS, the main primary cause was also respiratory diseases (51.1%), followed by dementia (22.2%).

Should immunocontraception be used for wildlife population management?

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
European Rabbits ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Self Antigens

Immunocontraception involves eliciting an immune response against eggs, sperm or hormones so that successful reproduction is prevented. Work in Australasia is aimed at European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), house mice (Mus musculus), common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), koalas (Phascolartcos cinereus) and kangaroos (Macropus spp.), with the vaccines involved all containing self antigens or their relatives. Two fundamental problems have been inadequately addressed in this research. The first problem is that it is difficult to obtain strong immune responses against self antigens and so the vaccines may be ineffective. Most published data on the effect of immunocontraceptives on reproduction involve the use of an adjuvant of which there are many kinds. The materials enhance the immune response greatly. The most frequently used is Freund?s adjuvant which can cause chronic suffering. Its use on wildlife will lead to very negative public perceptions. There has been no convincing demonstration that successful immunocontraception is possible with any method of vaccination likely to be used in the field, if success is defined as contraception of a proportion of the population high enough for management requirements. If it is assumed that success can be achieved, the second fundamental problem arises with two potential consequences. Even with adjuvant, a substantial minority of the vaccinated animals remains fertile. The first consequence is that since failure to be contracepted is likely to be in part genetic, there is likely to be rapid selection for these non-responders. The method will become ineffective in a few generations. The second problem is that the offspring of the animals which breed will have altered immune responses. Their capacities to respond to their own pathogens or to harbor pathogens of other species in the same ecosystem are likely to be changed. The presence of chlamydia in P. cinereus and bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand T. vulpecula means that responses to these pathogens would have to be studied in offspring of immunocontracepted parents to ensure that the offspring were not more susceptible to them. New Zealand intentions to put an immunocontraceptive into a T. vulpecula gut worm must be viewed with caution by Australia. The eggs of transgenic worms will be easily transplanted either accidentally or deliberately back into Australia, and so infect T. vulpecula in Australia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document