A preliminary study of regeneration in wild populations of threatened endemic Hawaiian palms (Pritchardia; Arecaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melany H. Chapin ◽  
Mike Maunder ◽  
Katherine E. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Term Management

Island floras have been subject to catastrophic changes since human colonization; the Hawaiian Islands exemplify this pattern of species decline and ecological change. Archaeological and historic findings support the former existence of coastal, lowland and interior Pritchardia dominated forests. Wild Pritchardia populations are highly fragmented and exhibit poor or absent regeneration in the wild. This study records seed predation, goat grazing, pig damage, and human harvesting on six wild populations of three species and outlines requirements for the long-term management of wild populations. Only one population of the six studied was found to contain seedlings. Recommended conservation management strategies are outlined.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility of Long-Term Management Strategies for Heartburn

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Goeree ◽  
Bernie J. O'Brien ◽  
Gordon Blackhouse ◽  
John Marshall ◽  
Andrew Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Term Management

Enuresis: Myths, Misunderstandings and Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Martin Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Conditioning Therapy ◽  
Treatable Condition ◽  
Term Management

Advice on enuresis has been provided by a range of individuals. Many myths and misunderstandings have been responsible for the confusing range of opinions given to those who seek help. Management should be based on an understanding of the physiology of the condition and the established facts about its treatment. There is still a lack of awareness about how effective are the management strategies now proposed by those who base their practise on the extensive research that is now documented. The best results are obtained with conditioning therapy, when this is supervised and supported. There is an important role for 'wetness' alarms in conditioning. There are now body-worn mini-alarms, established by over a decade of use, that are inexpensive and reliable. There is a decreasing role for tricyclic medication. The recently introduced pharmaceutical Minirin (desmopressin) is useful in short-term management to get dryness on social occasions and, in selected individuals, might have a role in long-term control of enuresis, when conditioning has not been effective. There is an important need to provide advice and treatment facilities for all those with enuresis - a treatable condition.

scholarly journals The decline and conservation management of the threatened endemic palms of the Mascarene Islands

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Maunder ◽  
Wayne Page ◽  
John Mauremootoo ◽  
Richard Payendee ◽  
Yousoof Mungroo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Population Fragmentation ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Mascarene Islands

Abstract The conservation status of the five genera and 11 species of palm endemic to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, La Réunion and Rodriques) are reviewed. All species are threatened with extinction; nine taxa are classified as Critically Endangered and four as Endangered on the 2000 IUCN Red List. Two taxa survive as single wild specimens (Hyophorbe amaricaulis and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum); an additional seven taxa have wild populations of 100 or fewer. Although the historical phase of large-scale forest clearance has passed, the remaining palm populations in the Mascarenes are under threat from the effects of population fragmentation, invasive plants and animals, and high levels of seed predation that prevent natural regeneration. The advantages of in situ management for the recovery of these palm populations are discussed. Without a long-term conservation programme, utilising both in situ and ex situ management, extinction of wild populations will occur.

Are any populations 'safe'? Unexpected reproductive decline in a population of Tasmanian devils free of devil facial tumour disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Farquharson ◽  
R. M. Gooley ◽  
S. Fox ◽  
S. J. Huxtable ◽  
K. Belov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Devil Facial Tumour Disease ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Reproductive Rates

Context Conservation management relies on baseline demographic data of natural populations. For Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii), threatened in the wild by two fatal and transmissible cancers (devil facial tumour disease DFTD: DFT1 and DFT2), understanding the characteristics of healthy populations is crucial for developing adaptive management strategies to bolster populations in the wild. Aims Our analysis aims to evaluate contemporary reproductive rates for wild, DFTD-free Tasmanian devil populations, and to provide a baseline with which to compare the outcome of current translocation activities. Methods We analysed 8 years of field-trapping data, including demographics and reproductive rates, across 2004–16, from the largest known DFTD-free remnant population at Woolnorth, Tasmania. Key results Surprisingly, we found a dramatic and statistically significant decline in female breeding rate when comparing data collected from 2004–2009 with data from 2014–2016. Unfortunately we do not have any data from the intermediate years. This decline in breeding rate was accompanied by a subtle but statistically significant decline in litter sizes. These changes were not associated with a change in body condition over the same period. Furthermore, we could not attribute the decline in breeding to a change in population size or sex ratio. Preliminary analysis suggested a possible association between annual breeding rate and coarse measures of environmental variation (Southern Oscillation Index), but any mechanistic associations are yet to be determined. Conclusions The decline in breeding rates was unexpected, so further monitoring and investigation into potential environmental and/or biological reasons for the decline in breeding rate are recommended before the arrival of DFTD at Woolnorth. Implications Our results provide valuable data to support the conservation management of Tasmanian devils in their native range. They also highlight the importance of continued monitoring of ‘safe’ populations, in the face of significant threats elsewhere.

scholarly journals Older mothers produce more successful daughters

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 4809-4814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja B. Kroeger ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Kenneth B. Armitage ◽  
Jane M. Reid ◽  
Julien G. A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Term Data

Annual reproductive success and senescence patterns vary substantially among individuals in the wild. However, it is still seldom considered that senescence may not only affect an individual but also affect age-specific reproductive success in its offspring, generating transgenerational reproductive senescence. We used long-term data from wild yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) living in two different elevational environments to quantify age-specific reproductive success of daughters born to mothers differing in age. Contrary to prediction, daughters born to older mothers had greater annual reproductive success on average than daughters born to younger mothers, and this translated into greater lifetime reproductive success. However, in the favorable lower elevation environment, daughters born to older mothers also had greater age-specific decreases in annual reproductive success. In the harsher higher elevation environment on the other hand, daughters born to older mothers tended to die before reaching ages at which such senescent decreases could be observed. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating environment-specific transgenerational parent age effects on adult offspring age-specific life-history traits to fully understand the substantial variation observed in senescence patterns in wild populations.

scholarly journals Changes in Diversity Due to Long-Term Management in a High Natural Value Grassland

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Ioana Vaida ◽  
Florin Păcurar ◽  
Ioan Rotar ◽  
Liviu Tomoș ◽  
Vlad Stoian
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Indicator Value ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Optimal Intensity ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Term Management

High nature value (HNV) grassland systems are increasingly important for the ecosystem services they provide and for their socio-economic impact in the current constant-changing context. The aim of our paper is to evaluate the long-term effect of organic fertilizers on HNV systems in the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. As an objective we want to identify the optimal intensity of conservation management and its recognition based on indicator value plant species. The experiments were established in 2001 on the boreal floor and analyze the effect of a gradient of four organic treatments with manure. Fertilization with 10 t ha−1 manure ensures an increase in yield and has a small influence on diversity, and could be a real possibility for the maintenance and sustainable use of HNV. Each fertilization treatment determined species with indicator value that are very useful in the identification and management of HNV. The indicator species are useful in forecasting the fluctuations and successions in grasslands, determined by the modification of the dominance-codominance ratio and the real coverage of each species.

scholarly journals Differences in the temporal dynamics of phenotypic selection among fitness components in the wild

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1711) ◽  
pp. 1572-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Siepielski ◽  
Joseph D. DiBattista ◽  
Jeffrey A. Evans ◽  
Stephanie M. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Directional Evolution ◽  
In The Wild

The balance of selection acting through different fitness components (e.g. fecundity, mating success, survival) determines the potential tempo and trajectory of adaptive evolution. Yet the extent to which the temporal dynamics of phenotypic selection may vary among fitness components is poorly understood. Here, we compiled a database of 3978 linear selection coefficients from temporally replicated studies of selection in wild populations to address this question. Across studies, we find that multi-year selection through mating success and fecundity is stronger than selection through survival, but varies less in direction. We also report that selection through mating success varies more in long-term average strength than selection through either survival or fecundity. The consistency in direction and stronger long-term average strength of selection through mating success and fecundity suggests that selection through these fitness components should cause more persistent directional evolution relative to selection through survival. Similar patterns were apparent for the subset of studies that evaluated the temporal dynamics of selection on traits simultaneously using several different fitness components, but few such studies exist. Taken together, these results reveal key differences in the temporal dynamics of selection acting through different fitness components, but they also reveal important limitations in our understanding of how selection drives adaptive evolution.

Integrated Functional Modeling Method for Configuring NPP Plant DiD Risk Monitor and its Application for AP1000

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu Yoshikawa ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Morten Lind ◽  
Takeshi Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Monitor System ◽  
Functional Modeling ◽  
Passive Safety System ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Defense In Depth ◽  
Risk Monitor ◽  
Term Management

A new risk monitor system has been under developing, in order not only to prevent severe accident in daily operation but also even to serve as to mitigate the radiological hazard just after severe accident happens and long term management of post-severe accident consequences. In the proposed risk monitor, the range of risk is not limited to core melt accidents but includes all kinds of negative outcome events, i.e., not only precursor troubles and incident but also any types of hazard states resulting from a severe accident. The whole system of the proposed risk monitor system is configured the by plant Defense-in Depth (DiD) risk monitor and reliability monitor, and in this paper the result of how to configure the Plant Defense in-Depth Risk Monitor by functional modeling approach is first presented. Then, a preliminary study is conducted on applying the integrated functional modeling for Plant Defense-in-depth risk monitor for passive safety system of AP1000.

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