The status of hollow-bearing trees required for the conservation of arboreal marsupials in the dry sderophyll forests of south-east Queensland, Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Ray Wormington ◽  
David Lamb ◽  
Hamish Ian McCallum ◽  
Damien John Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests ◽  
Forest Managers

At 38 sites in the dry sclerophylJ forests of south-east Queensland, Australia, hollow-bearing trees were studied to determine the effects of past forestry practices on their density, size and spatial distribution. The density of hollow-bearing trees was reduced at sites that had been altered by poisoning and ringbarking of unmerchantable trees. This was especially the case for living hollow-bearing trees that were now at densities too low to support the full range of arboreal marsupials. Although there are presently enough hollow-bearing stags (i.e., dead hollow-bearing trees) to provide additional denning and nesting opportunities, the standing life of these hollow-bearing stags is lower than the living counterparts which means denning and nesting sites may be limited in the near future. The mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of hollow-bearing stags was significantly less than that of living hollow-bearing trees. This indicated that many large hollow-bearing stags may have a shorter standing life than smaller hollow-bearing stags. Hollow-bearing trees appear to be randomly distributed throughout the forest in both silviculturally treated and untreated areas. This finding is at odds with the suggestion by some forest managers that hollow-bearing trees should have a clumped distribution in dry sclerophyll forests of south-east Queensland.

Bankarization in the first European cities with an equal number of Muslim and Christian inhabitants

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-580
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Castro ◽  
Miguel Ángel Montero-Alonso ◽  
Akram Abderrahman-Azaar
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The North ◽  
Financial Depth ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
European Banks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Near Future

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the situation of the financial system in the Spanish-governed cities of Melilla and Ceuta, Christian and Muslim cities located on the north coast of Africa, and compared it with the mean bankarization level in the rest of Spain in 2000-2015. Design/methodology/approach Although different calculation methods have been proposed, most authors agree that the bankarization level of a country or a territory reflects the development of the society as a whole and has a positive correlation with economic growth. The indicators of financial depth proposed by these researchers are not only the ratio between variables such as loans, deposits, etc., but also the ratios of these variables to the population and the gross domestic product (GDP) of the country or territory. Findings The results obtained revealed that there are differences between these two North African Spanish cities. Furthermore, the financing gap between the mean bankarization levels of these cities and those of mainland Spain was found to be even larger than most of the other economic indicators (GDP per capita and the unemployment rate). Practical implications The authors are convinced that the manuscript is a contribution of great interest for serving pilot experience in cities wishing to offer a development of traditional banking and Islamic banking. The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of finance systems and commercial banks where two different cultures coexist. Originality/value This is the first research study on the financial framework of European cities whose populations have an approximately equal percentage of Christians and Muslims. The data reflected the existence of savings and loan methods parallel to conventional banking. The conclusion was that in the near future, it would be advisable for European banks to take into account the cultural customs and religious practices of potential Muslim clients.

The Status of the School Shark Fishery in South-Eastern Australian Waters

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean

The maximum yield of the school shark fishery in south-eastern Australian waters was 4.09 million lb in 1949. The catch has fluctuated since then about a declining trend to 3.18 million lb in 1956. In 1944, 7.3 hooks were required to catch a shark of mean weight 14.7 lb. In 1956 the number of hooks required was almost doubled: 13.6 hooks were needed to catch sharks of mean weight 13.7 lb; the catch per hook dropped from 2.01 to 0.99 lb. Whereas the catch per boat-month remained relatively stable at 4765 lb for 1944 and 4643 for 1956, the number of hooks used per boat-month increased from 2366 to 4668 hooks in 12 years. Throughout this period the mean weight of sharks in eastern Bass Strait remained fairly steady (11-13 lb) whereas there was a drop of 3 lb from a mean weight of 17-20 lb in the predominantly mature portion of the stock in western Bass Strait. Fishermen in South Australia have reported a comparable drop in the mean weight of sharks in their catches. During the period 1941-46 there was unrestricted inshore fishing of juveniles and pregnant females with a consequent severe drop in the inshore population. The subsequent decline in the annual total catch is believed to be due not only to a too intensive offshore fishery but also to the resultant reduced recruitment and depressed reproductive potential caused by the earlier destruction of juveniles and pregnant females. In the data presented in this paper there is evidence that the school shark fishery, which is operating on a single stock of sharks with a slow growth rate, a late sexual maturity, and a low fecundity, shows trends which are suggestive of depletion. Because similar trends in the soupfin shark fishery of California and in the dogfish fishery of British Columbia were followed by depletion, it has been inferred that regulations to protect the vulnerable phases of the life history of the school shark of Australia may be required. Measures for conservation are discussed.

PETAL LOSS gene regulates initiation and orientation of second whorl organs in the Arabidopsis flower

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (24) ◽  
pp. 5635-5644 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Griffith ◽  
A. da Silva Conceicao ◽  
D.R. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Genetic Modifier ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
New Class ◽  
Petal Identity ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Major Disruption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
B Class Genes ◽  
Floral Whorl

PETAL LOSS is a new class of flower development gene whose mutant phenotype is confined mostly to the second whorl. Two properties are disrupted, organ initiation and organ orientation. Initiation is frequently blocked, especially in later-formed flowers, or variably delayed. The few petals that arise occupy a wider zone of the flower primordium than normal. Also, a minority of petals are trumpet-shaped, thread-like or stamenoid. Studies of ptl combined with homeotic mutants have revealed that the mutant effect is specific to the second whorl, not to organs with a petal identity. We propose that the PTL gene normally promotes the induction of organ primordia in specific regions of the second floral whorl. In ptl mutants, these regions are enlarged and organ induction is variably reduced, often falling below a threshold. A dominant genetic modifier of the ptl mutant phenotype was found in the Landsberg erecta strain that significantly boosts the mean number of petals per flower, perhaps by reinforcing induction so that the threshold is now more often reached. The second major disruption in ptl mutants relates to the orientation adopted by second whorl organs from early in their development. In single mutants the full range of orientations is seen, but when B function (controlling organ identity) is also removed, most second whorl organs now face outwards rather than inwards. Orientation is unaffected in B function single mutants. Thus petals apparently perceive their orientation within the flower primordium by a mechanism requiring PTL function supported redundantly by that of B class genes.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem in People with Physical Disabilities: Differences between Active and Inactive Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nemček
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the status of SE in people with physical disabilities (PwPD) and compare SE scores between active and inactive individuals. The sample of PwPD (n = 186) was divided into two groups of those who are regularly participating in sport (active; n = 88) and those who are not participating in any sport in their leisure (inactive; n = 98). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used as a primary research method. 10-item scale measures global self-worth by measuring positive and negative feelings about the self. Higher scores (from 10 to 40 points) indicate higher SE. The Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the differences of 10 RSES items and total scores between active and inactive PwPD. We found that the mean score of RSES in PwPD was 28.83 points; active PwPD observed total score of RSES 30.01 points and group of inactive PwPD showed the lowest SE by achieving 27.76 points. Mean scores comparison of each RSES item between active and inactive PwPD revealed higher SE in the group of active PwPD. Significantly higher SE was presented by 4 from 10 RSES items and by total score in the group of active PwPD. The results of our study confirmed that actively living PwPD have significantly higher SE comparing those PwPD who are living sedentary life style.

scholarly journals Conservation implications of the temporal and spatial distribution of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus in Crete

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Xirouchakis ◽  
Manolis Nikolakakis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gypaetus Barbatus ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Bearded Vulture ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

We carried out a four-year (1995-1999) survey on the foraging and breeding distribution of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus on the island of Crete. The age classes of all birds sighted were systematically recorded and data on seasonal distribution patterns were collected; 262 observations were made covering an area of about 4,000 km2, at altitudes ranging from 200 m to 2,450 m a.s.l (mean 1,100 m). Adult birds were distributed evenly throughout the island while young birds avoided active territories and were mostly sighted at the periphery of the high mountains. The species depended almost entirely on domestic livestock herded into and away from the mountains seasonally, with birds foraging in the uplands (> 1,200 m a.s.l.) from early May to late October and frequenting midland pastures (600-1,200 m a.s.l.) for the rest of the year. The mean altitude of nesting sites was 750 m (range = 280-1,450 m), with 80% of nests positioned below the 1,000 m contour. Bearded Vultures are more vulnerable to human-induced mortality within their breeding territories and on midland pastures in winter than in the upland areas in summer.

scholarly journals Predictive value of resistive index in graft survival after kidney transplant

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Forte ◽  
Pasquale Martino ◽  
Silvano Palazzo ◽  
Matteo Matera ◽  
Floriana Giangrande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
A Value ◽  
Calculated Parameter ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The intrarenal resistance index (RI) is a calculated parameter for the assessment of the status of the graft during the follow-up ultrasound of the transplanted kidney. Currently it is still unclear the predictive value of RI, also in function of the time. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated the correlation between the RI and the graft survival (GS) and the overall survival (OS) after transplantation. We evaluated 268 patients transplanted between 2003 and 2011, the mean followup was 73 months (12-136). The RI was evaluated at 8 days, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years. The ROC analysis was used to calculate the predictive value of RI and the Kaplan Mayer curves was used to evaluated the OS and PS. Results: The ROC analysis, correlated to the GS, identified a value of RI equal to 0.75 as a cut-off. All patients was stratified according to the RI at 8 days (RI ≤ 0,75: 212 vs RI > 0.75: 56), at 6 months (RI ≤ 0.75: 237 vs RI > 0.75: 31), at 1 year (RI ≤ 0.75: 229 vs RI > 0.75: 39) and at 3 years (RI ≤ 0.75: 224 vs RI > 0.75: 44). The RI showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in favor of those who had an RI ≤ 0.75 only at 8 days and at 6 moths (p = 0.0078 and p = 0.02 to 8 days to 6 months) on the GS. On the contrary, we observed that the RI estimated at 1 year and 3 years has not correlated with the GS. The same RI cut-off was correlate with PS after transplantation. We observed that there are no correlations between the RI and OS. Conclusions: The RI proved to be a good prognostic factor on survival organ when it was evaluated in the first months of follow- up after transplantation. This parameter does not appear, however, correlate with OS of the transplanted subject.

scholarly journals Modelling Bark Thickness of Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Jusuf Musić ◽  
Velid Halilović ◽  
Jelena Knežević ◽  
Admir Avdagić ◽  
Aida Ibrahimspahić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Actual Method

Background and Purpose: Bark thickness and its share in the volume of roundwood are the most important characteristics of the bark, particularly in the process of timber harvesting, and during scaling of processed logs. Therefore it is very important to have at disposal relatively accurate data regarding these characteristics of bark for particular tree species. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the thickness of the bark and its share in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in the area of the Canton 10 of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and it encompassed 393 trees of Norway spruce from 10 cm to 115 cm of thickness at breast height. Measuring of the mean diameter and double thickness of bark was conducted by section method. In total, 4,647 diameters and bark thicknesses were measured in different relative lengths of stems or in average 10.6 measurements per one stem. Results: As an optimal model for the evaluation of double thickness of the bark of Norway spruce depending on mean diameter of roundwood the function with designated determination coefficient of 0.7142 was selected. The obtained results have confirmed the previously defined relations of investigate characteristics, which are as following: a) with the increase of mean diameter of roundwood (section) double bark thickness is increased from 9.26 mm (thickness class 12.5 cm) to 31.65 mm (thickness class 92.5 cm); b) with the increase of mean diameter of roundwood the share of bark in its volume decreased from 14.26% (thickness class 12.5 cm) to 6.73% (thickness class 92.5 cm). Conclusions: By the actual method of estimating bark thickness or the share of bark in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce in the forestry of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina a significant error was created which increases with the increase of mean diameter. The obtained results point to the necessity of investigation of these bark characteristics in Bosnia and Herzegovina and represent an inevitable starting point for making adequate tables of bark thickness and its percentage share in the volume of roundwood of Norway spruce.

scholarly journals Estimation of Above-Ground Mangrove Biomass Using Landsat-8 Data- Derived Vegetation Indices: A Case Study in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 506-525
Author(s):  
Hai-Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Huy Duc Vu ◽  
Achim Röder
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Accuracy Assessments ◽  
Quang Ninh

This study aimed to map the status of mangrove forests over the coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City in Quang Ninh Province by using 2019 Landsat-8 imagery. It then developed the AGB estimation model of mangrove forests based on the AGB estimation-derived plots inventory and vegetation indices-derived from Landsat-8 data. As results, there were five land covers identified, including mangrove forests, other vegetation, wetlands, built-up, and water, with the overall accuracy assessments of 80.0% and Kappa coefficient of 0.74. The total extent of mangrove forests was estimated at 4291.2 ha. The best AGB estimation model that was selected to estimate the AGB and AGC of mangrove forests for the whole coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City is AGB= 30.38 + 911.95*SAVI (R2=0.924, PValue <0.001). The model validation assessment has confirmed that the selected AGB model can be applied to Hai Ha and Mong Cai coasts with the mean difference between AGB observed and AGB predicted at 16.0 %. This satisfactory AGB model also suggests a good potential for AGB and AGC mapping, which offer the carbon trading market in the study site. As the AGB model selected, the total AGB and AGC of mangrove forests were estimated at about 14,600,000 tons and 6,868,076 tons with a range of from 94.0 - 432.0 tons ha-1, from 44.2 - 203.02 tons ha-1, respectively. It also suggests that the newly-developed AGB model of mangrove forests can be used to estimate AGC stocks and carbon sequestration of mangrove forests for C-PFES in over the coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City, which is a very importantly financial source for mangrove forest managers, in particular for local mangrove protectors.

scholarly journals Productivity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands on chernozem in Vojvodina

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Sinisa Andrasev ◽  
Savo Roncevic ◽  
Petar Ivanisevic ◽  
Sasa Pekec ◽  
Martin Bobinac
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Aeolian Sand ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

This paper presents the elements of growth of black locust trees and stands in 15 sample plots in Vojvodina, at the age of 21-68 years. In each sample plot, based on soil profile horizons the determined soil type was chernozem as well as its lower systematic units (subtype, variety and form), according to the Skoric et al. (1985) classification. On the basis of the mean stand heights (hL), the stands on the subtype of chernozem on loess and loesslike sediments belong to height classes I-IV, and stands on calcareous aeolian sand to classes II-V (according to R e d e i et al. 2014), which indicates their considerable variability with respect to productivity within the determined subtypes of chernozem. Significant differences at the level of chernozem subtypes were found between the mean heights (p = 0.032), but not between the mean diameters (p = 0.083). The mean diameters at breast height in the studied black locust stands were on average lower than the models of diameter growth for the appropriate height classes and determined by a larger number of trees per hectare than in the tables (R e d e i et al, 2014). The volume per hectare is higher than in the tables also being conditioned by the large number of trees per hectare.

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