Patterns in subtidal marine assemblages associated with a deep-water sewage outfall

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages ◽  
Ocean Outfall ◽  
Control Interaction ◽  
Hard Substrata

The macrobenthic assemblages living on hard substrata in the vicinity of the Sydney deep-water ocean outfall at North Head were sampled from March 1991 to April 1994. The main objective of the study was to determine whether spatial and temporal patterns in macrobenthic diversity and abundance were affected by the outfall. The assemblages were sampled according to an experimental design that had three sites nested within each of three locations. These locations were North Head (outfall location), Long Reef and Bungan Head (control locations). Ten replicate quadrats at each site were photographed with a jump camera. These photographs were then sampled to provide estimates of the number and abundance of the major component phyla and also abundances of individual species. An asymmetrical analysis of variance detected a significant time × outfall versus control interaction for the total number of species, bryozoans and cnidarians and for the abundances of two bryozoan species and a silt matrix. Smaller-scale interactions among sites through time occurred for many taxa, representing both inherent 'noise' and some evidence for outfall effects at these smaller spatial scales. This study demonstrates that there is correlative evidence of an effect of the outfall, but in general the assemblages showed various spatial and temporal fluctuations that should not be attributed to sewage.

scholarly journals The Role of Religious Norms On Selecting The Islamic Bank

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardius Usman
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Contemporary Group ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aims of this study are to examine Muslim’s religious norms regarding to their belief on  the  law  of  the  prohibition  of  bank  interest,  and  to  investigate  the  effect  of religius norms on customers’ decision in using the Islamic banking services. This study employs natural experimental design with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson Chi-Square Test. The exploratory study also conducted to support the quantitative analysis. The results show that the religious norms among Muslims classified into two categories, i.e: traditional and contemporary group and the religious norm of the Muslim have significant affects on the decision in using the Islamic banks.DOI:10.15408/aiq.v7i1.1356

Heavy metal pollution and macrobenthic assemblages in soft sediments in two Sydney estuaries, Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soft Sediments ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Copper Lead

The influence of heavy metals (copper, lead and zinc) associated with urban runoff, on assemblages of macrofauna in intertidal soft sediments was studied in two estuaries in the Sydney region. The patterns of distribution and abundance of fauna and assemblages was found to vary significantly at several spatial scales: within bays in an estuary, between bays within an estuary and between bays from different estuaries. Significant differences were found in concentrations of heavy metals in sediments, but there was very little difference among bays in other environmental variables: grain-size characteristics and organic matter content of sediments. Bays polluted by heavy metals had significantly different assemblages to unpolluted bays, were generally less diverse and were characterized by an order-of-magnitude greater abundance of capitellids, spionids, nereids and bivalves. Unpolluted bays had greater abundance of crustaceans and several polychaete families, including paraonids and nephtyids and were generally more diverse. There was a significant correlation between patterns of assemblages and concentrations of heavy metals, but not with other environmental variables.

Consistent patterns of variation in macrobenthic assemblages and environmental variables over multiple spatial scales using taxonomic and functional approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puri Veiga ◽  
Ana Catarina Torres ◽  
Fernando Aneiros ◽  
Isabel Sousa-Pinto ◽  
Jesús S. Troncoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Macrobenthic Assemblages

Changes in attitudes to solid timber species: a test of some promotional elements

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Cooper ◽  
S. Kalafatis
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Fishbein Model ◽  
Or Applications

The significance of two promotional elements (presentation and product) in explaining the variations in the attitudes towards timber species are examined in this paper. In measuring such attitudes, the original Fishbein model is used and the attitudes are expressed as a function of five pretested attributes (beauty, durability, smoothness of texture, coldness, and modernity). A detailed ANOVA showed that variations in attitudes were explained mainly by the type of product and to a lesser extent by the two-way interactions of product and the species used to produce the product while the type of presentation was not significant. It was found that the respondents had certain preconceived ideas about the properties of individual species and these ideas were directly related to products and (or) applications traditionally associated with each species. Finally, the multidimensional model of "utilities," UNICON was applied to the data. Two analyses were performed, one on the utilities of the different products, species, and types of presentation and one on the utilities of the different attributes tested. The findings corroborated those of the analysis of variance. Very different utility factors were attached to different combinations of products made out of different species while the type of presentation was not significant. Therefore, for promotional purposes a very detailed and segmented approach is needed and this will depend on the particular product and the species used and consequently different attributes must be emphasised and promoted.

scholarly journals Metabarcoding From Microbes to Mammals: Comprehensive Bioassessment on a Global Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacchaeus G. Compson ◽  
Beverly McClenaghan ◽  
Gregory A. C. Singer ◽  
Nicole A. Fahner ◽  
Mehrdad Hajibabaei
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Biodiversity Assessment ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Global biodiversity loss is unprecedented, and threats to existing biodiversity are growing. Given pervasive global change, a major challenge facing resource managers is a lack of scalable tools to rapidly and consistently measure Earth's biodiversity. Environmental genomic tools provide some hope in the face of this crisis, and DNA metabarcoding, in particular, is a powerful approach for biodiversity assessment at large spatial scales. However, metabarcoding studies are variable in their taxonomic, temporal, or spatial scope, investigating individual species, specific taxonomic groups, or targeted communities at local or regional scales. With the advent of modern, ultra-high throughput sequencing platforms, conducting deep sequencing metabarcoding surveys with multiple DNA markers will enhance the breadth of biodiversity coverage, enabling comprehensive, rapid bioassessment of all the organisms in a sample. Here, we report on a systematic literature review of 1,563 articles published about DNA metabarcoding and summarize how this approach is rapidly revolutionizing global bioassessment efforts. Specifically, we quantify the stakeholders using DNA metabarcoding, the dominant applications of this technology, and the taxonomic groups assessed in these studies. We show that while DNA metabarcoding has reached global coverage, few studies deliver on its promise of near-comprehensive biodiversity assessment. We then outline how DNA metabarcoding can help us move toward real-time, global bioassessment, illustrating how different stakeholders could benefit from DNA metabarcoding. Next, we address barriers to widespread adoption of DNA metabarcoding, highlighting the need for standardized sampling protocols, experts and computational resources to handle the deluge of genomic data, and standardized, open-source bioinformatic pipelines. Finally, we explore how technological and scientific advances will realize the promise of total biodiversity assessment in a sample—from microbes to mammals—and unlock the rich information genomics exposes, opening new possibilities for merging whole-system DNA metabarcoding with (1) abundance and biomass quantification, (2) advanced modeling, such as species occupancy models, to improve species detection, (3) population genetics, (4) phylogenetics, and (5) food web and functional gene analysis. While many challenges need to be addressed to facilitate widespread adoption of environmental genomic approaches, concurrent scientific and technological advances will usher in methods to supplement existing bioassessment tools reliant on morphological and abiotic data. This expanded toolbox will help ensure that the best tool is used for the job and enable exciting integrative techniques that capitalize on multiple tools. Collectively, these new approaches will aid in addressing the global biodiversity crisis we now face.

scholarly journals Temperate fish community variation over seasons in relation to large-scale geographic seascape variables

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Perry ◽  
Thomas A.B. Staveley ◽  
Linus Hammar ◽  
Alyssa Meyers ◽  
Regina Lindborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
Swedish West Coast ◽  
Latitudinal Position

In shallow-water marine environments, ecosystem functioning is a complex interworking of fine-scale characteristics and region-wide factors, and the importance of these variables can vary on multiple temporal and spatial scales. This underwater video study targeted seasonal changes in the fish community of seagrass habitats along the Swedish west coast and the influence of offshore seascape variables (latitudinal position, wave exposure, open ocean, and deep water). Results showed that fish assemblage structure exhibited seasonal changes between summer and autumn and strong spatiotemporal variations in the importance of offshore factors affecting shallow-water fish communities. In summer, abundance from the Gobiidae family responded to wave exposure, whereas the Gadidae family and juvenile migrant habitat preference guild responded to latitudinal position and proximity to deep water. In autumn, deep water was related to abundance of Gadidae and juvenile migrants, whereas latitudinal position influenced Gasterosteidae. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the influence of offshore factors on facets of coastal fish assemblages to address large-scale geographic connectivity along nearshore–offshore gradients.

scholarly journals The Simplest Experimental Design that Permits Multiple Generalization

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund B. Coleman ◽  
Gerald R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Specific Language

Recently, several methodological critiques have pointed out that most experiments in verbal learning fail to present statistical evidence that their results could be replicated using a different sample of language materials. Consequently, many of the studies have little scientific point because their conclusions have to be restricted to the specific language items used in the experiment. All these critiques are summarized, the various solutions to the problem are evaluated, and procedures to arrive at the simplest solution are described. This solution should present no difficulties to anyone who has had a course in analysis of variance.

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