Seasonal variation in the species and size composition of the clupeoid assemblages in Western Port, Victoria

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
FE Hoedt ◽  
WF Dimmlich ◽  
P Dann
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Clupeoid Fish

The size composition of three species of clupeoid fish was monitored from monthly samples taken between May 1992 and April 1994 in Western Port, Victoria. Anchovy and pilchard were the dominant species in most samples and sandy sprat were occasionally common. Seasonal variations in catches indicate that adult clupeoids are temporary inhabitants in Western Port, migrating into the bay between October and December and leaving between February and June. Juvenile anchovy and pilchard were common in catches between February and April, indicating that Western Port serves as a nursery area for both species. Sizes of adult anchovy and pilchard collected in Western Port were at the lower end of the known range and these probably represent a single age-group of young adult fish. Comparisons with published data from Bass Strait and Port Phillip Bay show the importance of different habitats for different sizes of clupeoids in western Victoria.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

A quantitative study of the helminth parasites of the Newfoundland short-finned squid, Illex illecebrosus illecebrosus (LeSueur) (Cephalopoda:Decapoda)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Brown ◽  
William Threlfall
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
New Records ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Host Animal

Ommastrephid squid of the subspecies Illex illecebrosus illecebrosus (LeSueur) were obtained during the late summer and early autumn of 1966 and 1967 from numerous areas around the eastern coast of the island of Newfoundland. Helminths of five genera were found, namely, Phyllobothrium sp. and Dinobothrium plicitum (both of which had previously been recorded from this host), Pelichnibothrium speciosum, Scolex polymorphus, and Nybelinia sp. The last three represent new records from this ommastrephid. The incidence of these parasites was tested for correlation with standard length and with sex of the host animal. Annual and seasonal variations in degree of infection were also noted. The greatest number of procercoids encountered were Dinobothrium plicitum. Degree of infection with helminths in 1966 and 1967 was similar (39%:40%) and contrary to earlier published data, infection by cestodes is not always directly correlated with mantle length. Any possible relations between sex of the squid and parasite burden are unclear.

Sources of flavoured e-cigarettes among California youth and young adults: associations with local flavoured tobacco sales restrictions

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056455
Author(s):  
Shivani Mathur Gaiha ◽  
Lisa Henriksen ◽  
Bonnie Halpern-Felsher ◽  
Todd Rogers ◽  
Ashley L Feld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Online Sources

PurposeThis study compares access to flavoured JUUL and other e-cigarettes from retail, online and social sources among underage and young adult e-cigarette users who live in California jurisdictions that restrict sales of flavoured tobacco with the rest of the state.MethodsAn online survey used social media advertisements to recruit participants (n=3075, ages 15–29) who lived in one of nine jurisdictions that restrict sales (n=1539) or in the rest of state, and oversampled flavoured tobacco users. Focusing on past-month e-cigarette users (n=908), multilevel models tested whether access to flavoured JUUL and other e-cigarettes from retail, online and social sources differed by local law (yes/no) and age group (15–20 or older), controlling for other individual characteristics.ResultsThe percent of underage users who obtained flavoured JUUL and other e-cigarettes in the past month was 33.6% and 31.2% from retail, 11.6% and 12.7% online, and 76.0% and 70.9% from social sources, respectively. Compared with underage and young adult users in the rest of California, those in localities that restrict the sales of flavoured tobacco were less likely to obtain flavoured JUUL from retail sources (Adjusted OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.80), but more likely to obtain it from social sources (Adjusted OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.35). The same pattern was observed for other brands of flavoured e-cigarettes.ConclusionAlthough local laws may reduce access to flavoured e-cigarettes from retail sources, more comprehensive state or federal restrictions are recommended to close the loopholes for online sources. Dedicated efforts to curtail access from social sources are needed.

Global mapping of seasonal variations in tides from tide gauge and satellite altimeter data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Bij de Vaate ◽  
Henrique Guarneri ◽  
Cornelis Slobbe ◽  
Martin Verlaan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Tidal Constituents ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p>The existence of seasonal variations in major tides has been recognized since decades. Where Corkan (1934) was the first to describe the seasonal perturbation of the M2 tide, many others have studied seasonal variations in the main tidal constituents since. However, most of these studies are based on sea level observations from tide gauges and are often restricted to coastal and shelf regions. Hence, observed seasonal variations are typically dominated by local processes and the large-scale patterns cannot be clearly distinguished. Moreover, most tide models still perceive tides as annually constant and seasonal variation in tides is ignored in the correction process of satellite altimetry. This results in reduced accuracy of obtained sea level anomalies. </p><p>To gain more insight in the large-scale seasonal variations in tides, we supplemented the clustered and sparsely distributed sea level observations from tide gauges by the wealth of data from satellite altimeters. Although altimeter-derived water levels are being widely used to obtain tidal constants, only few of these implementations consider seasonal variation in tides. For that reason, we have set out to explore the opportunities provided by altimeter data for deriving seasonal modulation of the main tidal constituents. Different methods were implemented and compared for the principal tidal constituents and a range of geographical domains, using data from a selection of satellite altimeters. Specific attention was paid to the Arctic region where seasonal variation in tides was expected to be significant as a result of the seasonal sea ice cycle, yet data availability is particularly limited. Our study demonstrates the potential of satellite altimetry for the quantification of seasonal modulation of tides and suggests the seasonal modulation to be considerable. Already for M2 we observed changes in tidal amplitude of the order of decimeters for the Arctic region, and centimeters for lower latitude regions.</p><p> </p><div>Corkan, R. H. (1934). An annual perturbation in the range of tide. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character</em>, <em>144</em>(853), 537-559.</div>

scholarly journals Osteoporosis OSTEOPOROSIS –IN OLD AGE AND GERIATRICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena mishra Reena
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Whi Study

In the beginning, that is from the 1960's, when a link between menopause and osteoporosis was first identified; estrogen treatment was the standard for preventing bone loss, however there was no fracture data, even though it was thought to be effective. This continued until the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study in 2001 that published data on 6 years of treatment with hormone therapy that showed an increase in heart attacks and breast cancer. Even though the risks were small, 1 per 1500 users annually, patients were worried and there was a large drop off in estrogen use. In later analyses the WHI study showed that estrogen reduced fractures and actually prevented heart attacks in the 50-60 year age group. Estrogen alone appeared to be safer to use than estrogen + the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate and actually reduced breast cancer.  

scholarly journals Effect of Seasonal Variation on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Chronic Conditions: Analysis of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) National Telehealth Trial (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Argha ◽  
Andrey Savkin ◽  
Siaw-Teng Liaw ◽  
Branko George Celler
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Home Telemonitoring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND Seasonal variation has an impact on the hospitalization rate of patients with a range of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and angina. This paper presents findings on the influence of seasonal variation on the results of a recently completed national trial of home telemonitoring of patients with chronic conditions, carried out at five locations along the east coast of Australia. OBJECTIVE The aim is to evaluate the effect of the seasonal timing of hospital admission and length of stay on clinical outcome of a home telemonitoring trial involving patients (age: mean 72.2, SD 9.4 years) with chronic conditions (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease coronary artery disease, hypertensive diseases, congestive heart failure, diabetes, or asthma) and to explore methods of minimizing the influence of seasonal variations in the analysis of the effect of at-home telemonitoring on the number of hospital admissions and length of stay (LOS). METHODS Patients were selected from a hospital list of eligible patients living with a range of chronic conditions. Each test patient was case matched with at least one control patient. A total of 114 test patients and 173 control patients were available in this trial. However, of the 287 patients, we only considered patients who had one or more admissions in the years from 2010 to 2012. Three different groups were analyzed separately because of substantially different climates: (1) Queensland, (2) Australian Capital Territory and Victoria, and (3) Tasmania. Time series data were analyzed using linear regression for a period of 3 years before the intervention to obtain an average seasonal variation pattern. A novel method that can reduce the impact of seasonal variation on the rate of hospitalization and LOS was used in the analysis of the outcome variables of the at-home telemonitoring trial. RESULTS Test patients were monitored for a mean 481 (SD 77) days with 87% (53/61) of patients monitored for more than 12 months. Trends in seasonal variations were obtained from 3 years’ of hospitalization data before intervention for the Queensland, Tasmania, and Australian Capital Territory and Victoria subgroups, respectively. The maximum deviation from baseline trends for LOS was 101.7% (SD 42.2%), 60.6% (SD 36.4%), and 158.3% (SD 68.1%). However, by synchronizing outcomes to the start date of intervention, the impact of seasonal variations was minimized to a maximum of 9.5% (SD 7.7%), thus improving the accuracy of the clinical outcomes reported. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal variations have a significant effect on the rate of hospital admission and LOS in patients with chronic conditions. However, the impact of seasonal variation on clinical outcomes (rate of admissions, number of hospital admissions, and LOS) of at-home telemonitoring can be attenuated by synchronizing the analysis of outcomes to the commencement dates for the telemonitoring of vital signs. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12613000635763; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364030&isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/ 6xLPv9QDb)

Difference of seasonal variation between glycated albumin and glycated haemoglobin

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Tanaka ◽  
Shu Meguro ◽  
Masami Tanaka ◽  
Junichiro Irie ◽  
Yoshifumi Saisho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Average Temperature

Background Glycated albumin reflects 2–3-week glycaemic controls, and in addition to glycated haemoglobin, it has been used as a glycaemic control indicator. We presumed that glycated albumin also has seasonal variations and is related to temperature, similar to glycated haemoglobin. Methods The subjects were diabetic outpatients from April 2007 to March 2013. This resulted in the enrolment of 2246 subjects and the collection of a total of 53,968 measurements. Mean glycated haemoglobin, glycated albumin, and plasma glucose were calculated for each month over six years. The associations of the measures with each other and the average temperature for each month in Tokyo were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results Plasma glucose was highest in January and lowest in May. Glycated haemoglobin was highest in March and lowest in September. Glycated albumin was highest in May and lowest in December. Glycated albumin tended to have a disjunction with plasma glucose in winter. Glycated haemoglobin had seasonal variation, but glycated albumin did not. Plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin showed significant negative correlations with temperature (rs = −0.359, P < 0.001, rs = −0.449, P < 0.001, respectively), but glycated albumin did not. However, glycated albumin was inter-correlated with plasma glucose (rs = 0.396, P < 0.001) and glycated haemoglobin (rs = 0.685, P < 0.001), and glycated haemoglobin was inter-correlated with plasma glucose (rs = 0.465, P < 0.001). Conclusion Glycated albumin and glycated haemoglobin showed different seasonal variations from each other over the six-year study period. Thus, further studies to identify factors that contribute to glycated albumin are needed.

Dermatology Potpouri

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
James E. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Young Adult Patient ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Maturity Rating

Pearly penile papules are common but not commonly seen in a physician's office. These multiple, white, coronal papules are rarely, if ever, the source of a disease but may cause the adolescent and young adult patient some surprise when they are first noticed. "Discovery" may occur after careful self-examination following suspected contact with venereal disease, sexual exposure, masturbation, or other situations that may be associated with anxiety. Frequently, the patient believes that the lesions originated "overnight"; this is never the case and usually represents inaccurate observation. Lesions of pearly penile papules are characteristic in morphology and locale. They occur exclusively in postpubertal patients. Neinstein and Goldenring1 found pearly penile papules in 23 of 151 (15.2%) boys and men ranging from 11 to 22 years of age. Lesions were not noted in patients less than 14 years old or with a sexual maturity rating less than a Tanner 3. Glicksman and Freeman2 examined 229 men and found these lesions in 45 (20%). There does not appear to be any racial tendency, and whereas one series found a greater percentage in uncircumcised patients,2 a second could not substantiate this possibility.1 Although no surveys have been done in prepubertal patients, it is my clinical impression that these lesions do not occur in this age group.

Seasonal variations of mode-1 M2 internal tides observed by satellite altimetry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Internal Tide ◽  
Spatial Filtering ◽  
Internal Tides ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Phase Variable ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Variable Amplitude

&lt;p&gt;The seasonal variations of M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; internal tides is investigated using 25 years of satellite altimetric sea surface height measurements from 1992--2017. The satellite data are divided into four seasonal subsets, from which four seasonal M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; internal tide models are constructed. This study employs a new mapping technique that combines along-track spatial filtering, harmonic analysis, plane wave analysis, and two-dimensional spatial filtering. The vector mean of the four seasonal models yields the seasonal-mean model, which is equivalent to the 25-year-coherent model constructed directly using all the data. The seasonal models have larger errors than the seasonal-mean model, because the seasonally-subsetted data sets are short. Two seasonally-variable models are derived: The first model is a step function of the four seasonal models (phase-variable, amplitude-variable); The second model is same as the first one but that the amplitude is from the seasonal-mean model (phase-variable, amplitude-invariable). All these models are evaluated using independent CryoSat-2 data. Each seasonal model reduces most variance in its own season and least variance in its opposite season. Based on globally-integrated variance reductions, the two seasonally-variable models reduce 13% and 23% more variance than the seasonal models, respectively. The seasonal-mean model can reduce 27% more variance, thanks to its small model errors. However, the seasonally-variable models are better than the seasonal-mean model in the tropical zone, where the seasonal signals are larger than model errors. The satellite results reveal that M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; internal tides are subject to seasonal variation in varying degrees and that the seasonal variation is a function of location. Large variations in amplitude and phase mainly occur in the tropical zone. The seasonal phase variations are mainly caused by the seasonal variations of ocean stratification and internal tide speed. Significant amplitude variations are usually associated with strong internal tides such as from the Luzon and Lombok Straits, and in the Amazon River plume, the western Pacific and the Arabian Sea. At higher latitudes such as the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, the seasonal variations are weak but detectable. The seasonally-variable models can partly account for the seasonal variations of internal tides, in particular, in the tropical zone. &amp;#160;A major challenge is the large model errors, which will be further reduced with the accumulation of new altimeter missions and data (e.g., SWOT).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of the principal tidal constituents in the Bohai Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daosheng Wang ◽  
Haidong Pan ◽  
Guangzhen Jin ◽  
Xianqing Lv
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Harmonic Analysis ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Eddy Viscosity ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Vertical Eddy Viscosity ◽  
Tidal Constituents ◽  
Vertical Eddy

Abstract. The seasonal variation of tides plays a significant role in water level changes in coastal regions. In this study, seasonal variations of four principal tidal constituents, M2, S2, K1, and O1, in the Bohai Sea, China, were studied by applying an enhanced harmonic analysis method to two time series: 1-year sea level observations at a mooring station (named E2) located in the western Bohai Sea and 17-year sea level observations at Dalian. At E2, the M2 amplitude and phase lag have annual frequencies, with large values in summer and small values in winter, while the frequencies of S2 and K1 amplitudes are also nearly annual. In contrast, the O1 amplitude increases constantly from winter to autumn. The maxima of phase lags appear twice in 1 year for S2, K1, and O1, taking place near winter and summer. The seasonal variation trends estimated by the enhanced harmonic analysis at Dalian are different from those at E2, except for the M2 phase lag. The M2 and S2 amplitudes show semi-annual and annual cycles, respectively, which are relatively significant at Dalian. The results of numerical experiments indicate that the seasonality of vertical eddy viscosity induces seasonal variations of the principal tidal constituents at E2. However, the tested mechanisms, including seasonally varying stratification, vertical eddy viscosity, and mean sea level, do not adequately explain the observed seasonal variations of tidal constituents at Dalian.

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