Functional response to Daphnia carinata King when feeding on the filamentous diatom Melosira granulata

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR King ◽  
RJ Shiel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Daphnia Carinata ◽  
Food Concentrations

The functional response of D. carinata feeding on M. granulata was determined from laboratory trials conducted at 20-22�C, using a range of food concentrations (F) from 0.14 to 33.8�g (dry weight) mL-1. The functional response could be described by an lvlev model: I (ingestion rate, ng �g-1 h-1) = 200 - 205 × exp (- 0.036 × F). The ingestion rate at the highest food concentration (33.8 �g mL-1) was 140 ng �g-1 h-1, and there was no evidence to suggest that M. granulata either interfered with feeding at high densities or was a difficult food item for D. carinata to handle.

Browsing and grazing by cladoceran filter feeders

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Horton ◽  
M. Rowan ◽  
K. E. Webster ◽  
R. H. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Planktonic Food ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Quadrangula ◽  
Minimum Requirements

If different Cladocera have similar minimum requirements for suspended food, the capacity to utilize sedimented material would shift the competitive advantage to facultative bottom foragers in ponds, shallow lakes, and laboratory cultures with fluctuating levels of planktonic food. In laboratory cultures, Daphnia pulex browses or forages on the bottom of its culture vessel when suspended food concentration is too low to support reproduction or high rates or ingestion. Suspension feeding or grazing is the primary feeding mechanism only above the incipient limiting food concentration when ingestion rate is maximal, although a proportion of the animal's time is spent swimming (and therefore suspension feeding) at all food concentrations. Limited evidence suggests that different species of Cladocera have similar food levels at which reproduction is zero, yet not all are facultative browsers. Daphnia magna exhibits a similar behaviour to D. pulex but D. galeata and Ceriodaphnia quadrangula do not. These results show that the switch from grazing to browsing may be a determinant of competitive success among Cladocera.

Type III functional response in the zebra mussel,Dreissena polymorpha

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Sarnelle ◽  
Jeffrey D. White ◽  
Theresa E. Geelhoed ◽  
Carrie L. Kozel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Ankistrodesmus Falcatus ◽  
Food Concentrations

Distinguishing between functional response types requires observations at low food concentrations, but surprisingly these tend to be rare. A paucity of feeding observations at low food concentrations is especially acute for dreissenid mussels, despite their importance as invading species in fresh waters. We assessed the functional response of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) via feeding experiments and behavioral observations conducted at low food levels. Critically, food levels were chosen to be in the vicinity of minimum concentrations found in lakes with established D. polymorpha populations. Results of two feeding experiments show clear evidence of a Type III functional response for D. polymorpha feeding on Ankistrodesmus falcatus — clearance rate increased with increasing food concentration at low food levels. Mussels were always open and feeding during these experiments. An independent set of behavioral observations further showed that the fraction of mussels actively feeding (valves open, siphons extended) decreased as food concentrations decreased. We also measured somatic growth of juvenile mussels at varying levels of A. falcatus over 27 days and found that mussels were able to grow at food levels where Type III behavior was observed in the feeding experiments.

The Effect of Temperature and Food Concentration On Ingestion Rates of Quinqueloculina Seminula On the Diatom Nitzschia Closterium

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Lei ◽  
Chengchun Li ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Zhimin Jian
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Nitzschia Closterium

Abstract The majority of sediment-dwelling foraminifera are thought to be deposit feeders. They use their reticulopodia to gather sediment with associated algae, organic detritus, and bacteria. Uptake of diatoms by foraminifera have been observed but rarely quantified. We measured the clearance (gathering) rate and ingestion rate of diatoms by the common benthic foraminifer Quinqueloculina seminula using Nitzschia closterium as prey under laboratory culture conditions. Grazing experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature (at 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24°C) and food availability (10 to 800 cells mm−2) on uptake rates of diatoms. The clearance rates, estimated from the disappearance of food items, were variable (0.59–4.4 mm2 foram−1 h−1) and did not show a clear relationship with food availability. The maximum clearance rates increased from 1.80 ± 0.21 to 2.69 ± 0.32 mm2 foram−1 h−1 when temperature increased from 12 to 18°C and decreased to 2.28 ± 0.25 mm2 foram−1 h−1 at 24°C. Ingestion rates varied from 1.0 to 43 × 103 diatoms foram−1 h−1, following a hyperbolic response to food concentrations at all experimental temperatures. The maximum individual ingestion rates increased from 842 ± 180 to 1648 ± 480 (mean ± SE) cells foram−1 h−1 and then decreased to 316 ± 54 cells foram−1 h−1 as temperature increased from 12 to 24°C. Experimental results revealed that 12–18°C was the optimal temperature range for Q. seminula feeding for specimens adapted to local conditions. Our study indicates that Q. seminula plays an ecological role by feeding upon benthic diatoms in marine benthic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Inducible morphological defense in Daphnia pulex: food quantity effects revised

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Klintworth ◽  
Eric von Elert
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Inducible Defenses ◽  
Chemical Cue ◽  
High Food ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Morphological Defense ◽  
Food Concentrations

Abstract In aquatic systems, organisms largely rely on chemical cues to perceive information about the presence of predators or prey. Daphnia recognize the presence of the predatory larvae of Chaoborus via a chemical cue, emitted by the larvae, a so-called kairomone. Upon recognition, neckteeth, an alteration of the carapace, are induced in Daphnia that reduce predation rates of Chaoborus. Neckteeth induction was often reported to entail costs. In a previous study, food quantity affected the level of neckteeth induction, with stronger neckteeth induction at low food concentrations and weak induction at high food concentrations. However, reducing neckteeth induction at high food quantities seems to be maladaptive and not in accordance with the concept that inducible defenses are associated with costs. Here, we hypothesized that weaker neckteeth induction at high food concentrations is caused by increased bacterial degradation of the kairomone. More specifically, we assume that higher algal food concentration is associated with higher bacterial abundances, which degrade the kairomone during the experiment. We tested our hypothesis by treating food algae with antibiotics before providing them as food to Daphnia. Antibiotics reduced bacterial abundances at high and low food concentrations. Reduced bacterial abundances at high food concentrations led to the same level of neckteeth induction as at low food concentrations. A linear regression revealed a significant correlation of neckteeth induction to bacterial abundances. We therefore conclude that differences in neckteeth induction at different food concentrations are not caused by the food quantity effects but by differences in bacterial degradation of the kairomone.

scholarly journals Functional response of Sagitta setosa (Chaetognatha) and Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora) under variable food concentration in the Gullmar fjord, Sweden

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette Vergara-Soto ◽  
Danilo Calliari ◽  
Peter Tiselius ◽  
Rubén Escribano ◽  
M. Lorena González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi

scholarly journals A modelling study of the influence of environment and food supply on survival of Crassostrea gigas larvae

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen E Hofmann ◽  
Eric N Powell ◽  
Eleanor A Bochenek ◽  
John M Klinck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Food Content

Abstract A biochemically based model was developed to simulate the growth, development, and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). The unique characteristics of the model are that it: (1) defines larvae in terms of their protein, neutral lipid, polar lipid, carbohydrate, and ash content; (2) tracks weight separately from length to follow larval condition; and (3) includes genetic variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. The model includes parameterizations for filtration, ingestion, and respiration, which determine larval growth rate, and processes controlling larval mortality and metamorphosis. Changes in larval tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food. Simulations of larval growth indicate that departures of temperature, salinity, or food content from optimum levels reduce larval cohort survival, either because of metabolic constraints that result in death, unsuccessful metamorphosis, or increased predation resulting from increased larval lifespan. Temperatures and salinities near optimal values improve larval survival at low food concentration by increasing ingestion rate or growth efficiency. Also, survival at a given food concentration can vary widely depending on food composition, which determines food quality. The simulations suggest that the ratio of carbohydrate + lipid-to-protein may best describe the overall food quality, with optimal food compositions being characterized by ratios near 1.2 to 1.4 over a range of food concentrations. In contrast, food compositions containing too much or too little protein reduce larval survival, even at saturating food concentrations. In simulations emphasizing genetic variability within the cohort, larvae with high growth efficiency originating from large eggs out-perform other egg quality–growth efficiency combinations over a wide range of temperature, salinity, and food contents. As a consequence, suboptimal temperature, salinity, or food content compresses genetic variation by uniformly favouring larvae from large eggs with a high growth efficiency. However, the larval survival obtained from simulations that use a range of food qualities is representative of a much broader range of genetic types. Thus, the simulations support the supposition that food quality is an important variable controlling the survival and genetic variability of C. gigas larval cohorts.

Diet and feeding of Neomysis mercedis Holmes (Crustacea, Mysidacea) from the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Johnston ◽  
D. C. Lasenby
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods

Neomysis mercedis in the Fraser River estuary is a predator on the meiobenthos, especially harpacticoid copepods. There are no clear seasonal differences in its utilization of food resources. The consumption rate of N. mercedis feeding from natural sediments varies with body size and temperature as C = 3.81 W0.782T0.515, where C is the consumption rate of meiofauna in micrograms dry weight per animal per hour, W is the mysid size in milligrams dry weight, and T is the temperature in degrees Celsius. The weight dependence of the ingestion rate is identical to that of the metabolic rate but the temperature dependence is significantly lower. The mysid selectively feeds on the organic fraction of the sediments but only one-half of the ingested material (by weight) is of biological origin. In mid-April, mysid predation may result in a 12% per day mortality rate on harpacticoid copepods. Thus, mysid predation may strongly influence meiofaunal densities.

scholarly journals Food selectivity and processing by the cold-water coral <i>Lophelia pertusa</i>

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick van Oevelen ◽  
Christina E. Mueller ◽  
Tomas Lundälv ◽  
Jack J. Middelburg
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Tissue Incorporation ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. Cold-water corals form prominent reef ecosystems along ocean margins that depend on suspended resources produced in surface waters. In this study we investigated food processing of 13C and 15N labelled bacteria and algae by the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. Coral respiration, tissue incorporation of C and N and metabolic-derived C incorporation into the skeleton were traced following the additions of different food concentrations (100, 300, 1300 µg C L−1) and two ratios of suspended bacterial and algal biomass (1:1, 3:1). Respiration and tissue incorporation by L. pertusa increased markedly following exposure to higher food concentrations. The net growth efficiency of L. pertusa was low (0.08 ± 0.03), which is consistent with their slow growth rates. The contribution of algae and bacteria to total coral assimilation was proportional to the food mixture in the two lowest food concentrations, but algae were preferred over bacteria as food source at the highest food concentration. We argue that behavioural responses for these small-sized food particles, such as tentacle behaviour and mucus trapping, are more likely to explain the observed food selectivity as compared to physical-mechanical considerations. A comparison of the experimental food conditions to natural organic carbon concentrations above CWC reefs suggests that L. pertusa is well adapted to exploit temporal pulses of high organic matter concentrations in the bottom water caused by internal waves and downwelling events.

Larval development and metamorphosis of Balanus albicostatus (Cirripedia: Thoracica); implications of temperature, food concentration and energetics

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattesh Desai ◽  
Lidita Khandeparker ◽  
Yoshihisa Shirayama
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Food Concentrations ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Naupliar Development ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

The influence of food concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2×105 cells ml−1) and temperatures (20 and 30°C) on the survival, development, organic carbon and nitrogen content of Balanus albicostatus larvae was evaluated. The effect of food concentration on the subsequent ageing and metamorphosis of cypris larva was also determined. At lower food concentration and temperature, naupliar development duration was prolonged and the rate of metamorphosis of nauplius to cyprid was low. The rearing food concentration affected organic carbon and nitrogen content of the nauplii, which was also reflected in non-feeding cyprids. A decrease in the carbon content was observed with cyprid ageing at 5°C. Metamorphosis was higher in 8-d aged cyprids when compared to 2-d aged cyprids, and was positively influenced by the natural biofilm.

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