Genetic subdivision of the pearl oyster Pinctata maxima (Jameson, 1901) (Mollusca: Pteriidae) in northern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Johnson ◽  
LM Joll
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Pearl Oyster ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Genetic Subdivision ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Pinctada Maxima ◽  
Polymorphic Enzymes

The genetic structure of the pearl oyster Pinctada maxima in northern Australia was investigated by starch-gel electrophoresis. Six polymorphic enzymes were examined in 220 individuals from five areas which span a distance of 3400 km. Across this range, the average FST is 0.104, with three of the loci showing highly significant variation in allelic frequencies. Most of the geographic variation is clinal between western and eastern populations. Particularly striking is the near substitution of alternate alleles for GOT between Western Australia and north-eastern Queensland. Comparisons between adjacent pairs of samples usually revealed significant genetic differences, including differences between two areas in the Northern Territory separated by 320 km. In contrast, two samples from Western Australia showed little evidence of genetic subdivision over a distance of more than 800 km. These genetic comparisons indicate that stocks of P. maxima are highly subdivided in northern Australia, but they also favour the view that there are substantial connections of Western Australian populations over large distances.

Population genetics of two tropical sharks, Carcharhinus tilstoni and C. sorrah, in Northern Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lavery ◽  
JB Shaklee
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Sufficient Variation

The genetic structure of the Australian populations of Carcharhinus tilstoni and C. sorrah was investigated by starch gel electrophoresis. Tissue samples were taken from 1580 sharks from throughout the fishery, which extends from the North-West Shelf (off Western Australia) to the north-eastern coast of Queensland. From a total of 47 enzyme loci screened in each species, 13 proved to be polymorphic (P0.99) for at least one species, with only 5 loci for each species showing sufficient variation (P0.95) to be of use in the analysis of population structure. Mean heterozygosity values were relatively low: 0.037 for C. tilstoni and 0.035 for C. sorrah. A low level of population subdivision was found within each species, with FST values of 0.0094 for C. tilstoni and 0.0076 for C. sorrah. There was insufficient evidence to suggest that there is more than one population of either species of shark in Australian waters.

Electrophoretic differentiation among local populations of the long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melaena, at the Faroe Islands

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1884-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte Wesley Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pilot Whale ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Pilot Whales ◽  
Polymorphic Enzymes

Enzyme variation within and between nine schools of long-finned pilot whales, Globicephala melaena, caught at the Faroe Islands, was examined by starch gel electrophoresis. Twenty-seven enzymes were investigated, representing 41 loci, of which three were polymorphic. The polymorphic enzymes were analyzed in either liver or muscle tissue from 628 specimens. No heterogeneity within the schools was observed, while significant differences in allele frequencies between schools were detected by a multilocus G-test. This result indicated some degree of reproductive isolation.

scholarly journals Identification of Red Maple Cultivars by Isozyme Analysis

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Tobolski ◽  
Ricky D. Kemery
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Malic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dormant Bud ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Isozyme Analyses ◽  
Enzyme Pattern ◽  
Polymorphic Enzymes

Dormant bud tissue from two or more trees representing 18 red maple (Acer rubrum L.) cultivars was subjected to isozyme analyses using starch-gel electrophoresis. Polymorphic enzymes resolved were alcohol dehydrogenase, peroxidase, phosphoglucase isomerase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, and malic dehydrogenase. An enzyme pattern or combination of patterns was useful in identifying individual cultivars, these included: `Autumn Blaze', `Autumn Flame', `Bowhall', `Celebration', `Columnare', `Curtis', `Doric', `Firedance', `Gerling', Y.J. Drake', `Morgan', `Northwood', `Scarlet Sentinel', `Schlesingeri', and `Tilford'. `Armstrong', `October Glory', and `Red Sunset' could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of enzymes examined in this study.

Genetic structure of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) stocks from northern Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Salini ◽  
JB Shaklee
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Management Policies

Barramundi, L. calcarifer, were collected from seven localities in the Northern Territory, the Daly, Finniss, Mary, Glyde, Roper and McArthur rivers and Blue Mud Bay, and from the Ord River in Western Australia. Barramundi were sampled seven times from the Daly and Finniss rivers over a 14-month period. In total, 46 loci were identified using starch-gel electrophoresis of enzymes and polyacrylamide electrophoresis of muscle proteins. Twelve loci were polymorphic at the P0.99 level. Most loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A contingency Χ2 analysis for homogeneity of alleles over all loci and all localities was highly significant (P < 0.001). Comparisons of data from adjacent pairs of localities revealed that the overall heterogeneity was attributable to heterogeneity among seven of the eight localities; the Daly and Finniss river areas were not significantly different from one another. No evidence of heterogeneity over time was found among the collections from the Daly River area. The considerable amount of heterogeneity observed suggests that each of these seven localities supports a genetically discrete stock of barramundi; this conclusion is consistent with the documented life history of Australian barramundi. The genetic heterogeneity of the stocks should be considered when management policies for L. calcarifer are being formulated.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada maxima off Eighty Mile Beach, Western Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Whalan ◽  
Marji Puotinen ◽  
Mary Wakeford ◽  
Iain Parnum ◽  
Karen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Pearl Oyster ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pinctada Maxima ◽  
Western Australian

The silver-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, is the primary species used for the culture of pearls in the Indo-Pacific region. The Western Australian fishery relies on wild-caught animals, and as such, knowledge of the status and distribution of P. maxima underpins sustainable management of the fishery. Eighty Mile Beach, in tropical Western Australia, is the key harvest area for P. maxima, with oysters collected by divers to depths of ∼35 m, although there are anecdotal accounts of oysters beyond diving depths. Image-based, and acoustic methods were used to elucidate distribution patterns of P. maxima off Eighty Mile Beach, including data from 862 km2 of multibeam survey and 119 towed video transects spanning an area from the 20 to 100 m contour lines. We quantified habitat characters including depth, substrate, and benthic community composition associated with pearl oyster distribution. Multibeam sonar data was also coupled with towed video data to produce predictive statistical models of P. maxima habitat. We found P. maxima to depths of 76 m, although more than 90% of individuals occurred shallower than 40 m and less than 2% were found deeper than 50 m. Oysters occupied flat, sandy habitats with neighbouring benthic communities of filter feeders (&gt;98% of observations). These results show P. maxima predominantly occurs in depths &lt;40 m, with no evidence that extensive populations extend into deep water in the region.

Genetic subdivision of Roe’s abalone, Haliotis roei Grey (Mollusca : Gastropoda), in south-western Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boze Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Allelic Frequencies ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to investigate population structure of the commercially and recreationally exploited abalone, Haliotis roei. The standardized variance in allelic frequencies among 10 sites in south-western Australia indicated relatively high levels of gene flow across the 3000 km range sampled (mean FST 0.009). Sites showed no striking geographic trends in allelic frequencies or apparent clustering, on the basis of multidimensional scaling of GST as a measure of genetic dissimilarity. A population structure of isolation-by-distance was evident when pairwise measures of GST were related to geographic distance (r = 0.45, P <0.001). This relationship was evident beneath relatively high levels of variability among pairwise comparisons of GST for sites separated by small distances. The area of complete genetic mixing, or neighbourhood size, was estimated to be less than the distance between the two nearest sites, or 13 km. The apparent contradiction between relatively high levels of gene flow across the species’ distribution, as indicated by a low average FST, and substantial heterogeneity between sites separated by 10s of kilometres, is discussed in the context of the species’ biology, and management of the fishery.

Bovine Platelet Proteins II. Purification of Platelet Fibrinogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O Solum ◽  
S Łopaciuk
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
High Resolution Power ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Platelet Proteins

Summary1. Platelet fibrinogen has been purified from washed bovine platelets. The procedure was based on the methods for purification of plasma fibrinogen by fractionated precipitations and extractions with ethanol and glycine below 0°, and precipitation of proteins by dimethylformamide at 0°.2. The platelet extract obtained by freezing and thawing of the cells, freed from insoluble material by centrifugation at 23,000 x g for 30 min, contained 0.22 ±0.003mg fibrinogen per 109 platelets. Total protein of this fraction was 0.77 ±0.08 mg per 109 platelets whereas that of the insoluble fraction was 0.79 ±0.09 mg per 109 platelets.3. The most purified platelet fibrinogen fraction contained 91-98% of the protein in a thrombin-clottable state. The yield was approx. 20%. It showed homogeneity in analytical ultracentrifugation, in immunoelectrophoresis using an antiserum produced by immunization of rabbits against platelet extract, and in starch gel electrophoresis using a discontinuous system of Tris HCl and borate buffers offering a high resolution power towards the platelet proteins. Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis revealed two to three faint lines behind the main fibrinogen line. At least one such line was also observed with purified plasma fibrinogen.

Fractionation of Plasminogen by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Slotta ◽  
J. D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Veronal Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Alkaline Range

SummaryWhen urea or ε-amino caproic acid were used as solublizing agents for plasminogen in electrophoretic experiments, only one broad band of the proenzyme was obtained on acetate cellulose, in starch block, and in acrylamide gel. In starch gel electrophoresis, however, both forms of plasminogen – the native or euglobulin and Kline’s or Pseudoglobulin plasminogen – separated into six bands. These migrated toward the cathode at room temperature in borate or veronal buffer in the alkaline range and showed full activity in fibrinagar-streptokinase plates.

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