Swimming ability of juvenile Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner), and juvenile barramundi, LAtes calcarifer (Bloch), in an experimental vertical-slot fishway

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mallen-Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway ◽  
Coefficient Of Discharge

Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata, and barramundi, Lates calcarlfer, are catadromous fish that spawn in estuaries and the juveniles migrate upstream into fresh water. Lowland fishways in the range of these species therefore need to accommodate these juvenile fish. The swimming abilities of three size classes (fork length (LCF) + s.d.: 40 * 3 mm, 64 + 5 mm and 93 + 8 mm) of juvenile Australian bass and one size class (43 4 mm total length) of juvenile barramundi were tested in an experimental vertical-slot fishway. Water velocity was calculated from the head loss in water level between adjacent pools in the fishway, using a coefficient of discharge (Cd) of 1.0. Both species readily negotiated the fishway at low water velocities, indicating that the fish were in a migratory mode and that these fish could use the vertical-slot design of the fishway. The sigmoidal decrease in this ability with increasing water velocity was described by a probit regression. The NV95 value (maximum negotiable water velocity for 95% of the sample) is suggested as the suitable maximum-velocity criterion for vertical-slot fishways for these fishes. The NV95 values were 0.66 m s-1 for 43-mm barramundi, 1.02 m s-1 for 40-mm bass, 1.40 m s-1 for 64-mm bass and 1.84 m s-1 for 93-mm bass. The NV95 for barramundi is probably an underestimate of their swimming ability in the wild because the water temperature was low for this species. Up to 20% of the 93-mm bass died at test velocities greater than 2.0 m s-1, but there were no mortalities of other fish during or immediately following a trial. The results indicate that water velocity in fishways for juvenile bass and barramundi should not exceed 1.4 m s-1 in a cell size of 1.5 m length and 1.0 m width. The relative swimming speeds (body lengths per second) of bass in the fishway are higher than other estimates of burst swimming speeds of juvenile fish obtained from studies in flumes. This indicates that data from the latter type of study should not be used to determine water velocities for fishways.

Swimming ability of adult golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Percichthyidae), and adult silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Teraponidae), in an experimental vertical-slot fishway

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mallen-Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
River System ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Learning Trial ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway

The swimming abilities of adult golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson) (Percichthyidae) (441�16 mm, mean total length+s.d.), and adult silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell) (Teraponidae) (258 �10 mm, mean fork length � s.d.), were tested in an experimental vertical-slot fishway. These two Australian species are potamodromous, and the adult fish move upstream large distances. Golden perch readily used the vertical-slot fishway, and a 20-min NV90 (the maximum water velocity that 90% of the fish in a sample can negotiate in 20 min) of 1.83 m s-1 (95% confidence limits 1.43-2.03 m s-1) is recommended for fishway design in the Murray-Darling river system. This velocity equates to a 171-mm step height between fishway pools and should be applied to a minimum pool size of 3 m (length) by 2 m (width) to avoid excessive turbulence. Lower velocities and larger pools might be necessary for long fishways or where there are large migrations of fish. Some silver perch used the fishway, but the results for this species were inconclusive. Fish were re-used at different velocities during the experiment, and a learning trial indicated that the number of fish negotiating the fishway increased with repeated use of the fish.

Influence of Hydraulic Factor of Vertical-Slot Fishway on Swimming Ability of Fish

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 1988-1992
Author(s):  
Zhuo Min Guo ◽  
Gao Zhu ◽  
Yu Jing Bie ◽  
Meng Jun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Turbulent Energy ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Dissipation Mechanism ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway

Vertical-slot fishway is widely used in different shape of fish-way due to the adaptability to water level amplitude, the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical-slot fish-way of different scale has been extensively researched by researcher domestic and overseas, the energy dissipation mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of the fish-way in different scale under different inflow has been acquainted now. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of Vertical-slot fish-way of different size under water depth, inflow and slope is analyzed , influence of water depth, flow velocity, dissipation rating per unit volume and turbulent energy etc. On fish swimming ability is discussed, and design of fish-way is evaluated by relevant hydraulic factor of fish swimming characteristics. Finally the research method and experience abroad is summarized in the paper.

scholarly journals Numerical and physical model study of a vertical slot fishway

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bombač ◽  
Gorazd Novak ◽  
Primož Rodič ◽  
Matjaž Četina
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Eddy Viscosity ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway ◽  
Turbulent Models

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of a vertical slot fishway (VSF). A 2-D depth-averaged shallow water numerical model PCFLOW2D coupled with three different turbulent models (constant eddy viscosity, Smagorinsky and k - ε) was used. A detailed analysis of numerical parameters needed for a correct simulation of the phenomenon was carried out. Besides the velocity field, attention was paid to important hydraulic parameters such as maximum velocity in the slot region and energy dissipation rate ε in order to evaluate the performance of VSF. A scaled physical hydraulic model was built to ensure reliable experimental data for the validation of the numerical model. Simulations of variant configurations of VSF showed that even small changes in geometry can produce more fishfriendly flow characteristics in pools. The present study indicates that the PCFLOW2D program is an appropriate tool to meet the main demands of the VSF design.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Hydraulics in a Vertical Slot Fishway with Upgraded Configurations

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2711
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmadi ◽  
Amir Ghaderi ◽  
Hossein MohammadNezhad ◽  
Alban Kuriqi ◽  
Silvia Di Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway ◽  
Design Cost

The implementation of vertical slot fishway (VSF) has been demonstrated to be an effective mitigation measure to alleviate extensive river fragmentation by artificial hydraulic structures such as weirs and dams. However, non-suitable flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy significantly affect fish swimming behavior and, as a result, hinder such facilities’ performance. Therefore, this study’s main objective is to propose a new configuration of VSF that can allow the passage of different fish species under frequent variations of flow discharge. To achieve that objective several novel configurations of VSF were numerically investigated using the FLOW-3D® model. Namely, five variants of angles between baffles, four different pool widths, and another upgraded version of VSF by introducing cylindrical elements positioned after the opening behind the baffles were tested. Results show that smaller angles between baffles increase the Vmax and decrease the maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKEmax); the opposite result was obtained when increasing angles between baffles. Namely, the Vmax was increased up to 17.9% for α = 0° and decreased up to 20.37% for α = 37°; in contrast, TKEmax decreased up to −20% for α = 0° and increased up to 26.5% for α = 37°. Narrowing the pool width increased the Vmax linearly; nevertheless, it did not significantly affect the TKEmax as the maximum difference was only +3.5%. Using cylinders with a large diameter decreased the Vmax and increased TKEmax; in contrast, using cylinders with smaller diameters further reduced the Vmax velocity inside the pool while increasing the TKEmax. However, in the case of cylinders, the dimension of the recirculation depended on the configuration and arrangement of the cylinder within the pool. Overall, the maximum velocity was reached at near 77% of the water depth in all cases. Finally, solution-oriented findings resulted from this study would help water engineers to design cost-effective VSF fishways to support the sustainable development of hydraulic structures while preserving aquatic biodiversity.

Analysis of fishways in the Middle and Lower Jinsha River Basin (China)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Tong ◽  
Silke Wieprecht ◽  
Martin Schletterer
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Upper Yangtze River ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Longitudinal Connectivity ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway ◽  
Hydropower Stations

<p>This study was carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River in southwest China, which represents the upper Yangtze River. Hydraulic structures (14 cascade hydropower stations) are planned and/or constructed in this system, which is considered as largest hydropower base. We aim to summarize appropriate measures to restore the riverine continuum in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River, where high-head cascade hydropower dams are located or planned.</p><p>We distributed a questionnaire to Chinese researchers in the related fields (scientists, hydropower operators and NGOs in China, n = 60). According to the responses, fishways, fish lift, fish lock, trap-and-truck system as well as fish hatcheries (artificial breeding) are recognized to ensure passing respectively preserving fish in the Jinsha River basin.</p><p>A longitudinal connectivity assessment of the study area revealed a severely disturbed continuity status. Based on the biological analyses of the demands of the target fish species and review of fish pass technologies, a vertical-slot fishway is proposed.</p><p>Considering the dam heights and the geographical conditions, it is recommended to combine the vertical-slot fishway with these alternatives to achieve a higher efficiency in passing fish as well as to recover the river continuity towards regional sustainable development.</p>

scholarly journals A new Eulerian–Lagrangian agent method to model fish paths in a vertical slot fishway

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Gao ◽  
Helge I. Andersson ◽  
Huichao Dai ◽  
Fengjian Jiang ◽  
Lihao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Slot ◽  
Vertical Slot Fishway ◽  
Model Fish
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