Nitrogen cycling in salt-marsh and mangrove sediments at Western Port, Victoria

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
PI Boon ◽  
S Cain
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Highly Correlated

The metabolism of organic nitrogen compounds in sediments from salt-marsh (Sarcocornia quinqueflora) and mangrove (Avicennia marina) areas at Western Port, Victoria, was investigated. Organic nitrogen compounds were metabolized at potential rates of up to 3.9 �mol cmF3 day-1 for amino acids, 23 �mol cm-3 day-( for dipeptides, and 5 �mol cm-1 day-1 for an amide. These were higher than the rate of ammonium regeneration in the absence of added substrate (<0.08 �mol cm-3 day-1); this indicates that organic nitrogenous compounds play a major role in nutrient cycling in coastal sediments. Rates of some transformations were highly correlated with sediment organic-matter content, total nitrogen content or concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus in the sediments, but overall there were few significant correlations between metabolic rates and edaphic conditions. Degradation of organic nitrogenous compounds in these sediments is likely to be influenced strongly by the availability of phosphorus, the quantity and quality of detrital inputs, and the size and activity of microbial populations.

Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. John Peter ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.

scholarly journals Degradación de hojarasca y aporte de nutrientes del manglar en la Laguna Mecoacán, Golfo de México

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jony R. Torres V. ◽  
Dulce Infante-Mata ◽  
Alberto J. Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Espinoza-Tenorio ◽  
Everardo Barba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Litter Degradation ◽  
Highly Correlated

Leaf litter degradation and nutrient supply in the mangroves of Mecoacán Lagoon, Gulf of Mexico. Mangroves are ecosystems with a high primary productivity that is mainly driven mainly by degradation processes. Energy (nutrients) flows from mangroves toward adjacent zones and the surrounding aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to estimate the daily degradation coefficient (k) of mangrove leaves in relation to physical-chemical soil factors and in situ nutrient supply (phosphorus and nitrogen) in Mecoacán Lagoon, Gulf of Mexico. Leaf litter degradation bags were placed at six monthly monitoring sites to evaluate degradation and to calculate the corresponding degradation coefficients. A rapid degradation of up to 51 % was observed for Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn during the first month in association with leaching resulting from flood conditions. The degradation of Rhizophora mangle (L.) (k= 0.0052±0.0002) (F= 12.2 p< 0.05 n= 216) and Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn (k= 0.005±0.0003) (F= 3.7 p= 0.2 n= 108), differed significantly from that of A. germinans (k= 0.009 ± 0.0003) (F= 1.2 p= 0.2 n= 216) did not present significant differences. To reach T50 degradation, R. mangle and L. racemosa required more time (133 and 138 days, respectively) than A. germinans (74 days). Organic matter and soil humidity were significantly correlated with the decay constant of A. germinans (r= 0.65 p< 0.05 and r= 0.55 p< 0.05, respectively). Total nitrogen content was highest in the Pajaral site (2 683 mg.kg) and was also highly correlated with organic matter content (r= 0.9 p= 0.003). Total phosphorus content was highest in the Boca site (2 031 mg.kg) and was also negatively correlated with pH (r= -0.61 p= 0.004). In conclusion, differences in the rate of mangrove leaf degradation depend on the involved species (leaf composition), time of exposure or immersion in water (flooding patterns) and sediment heterogeneity (i.e., texture, pH, humidity content and bulk density). Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 892-907. Epub 2018 June 01. 

scholarly journals Characteristics and Driving Factors of Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Chinese Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Tianjing Ren ◽  
Yu’e Li ◽  
Tiantian Miao ◽  
Waseem Hassan ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Application Rate

Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in greenhouses could cause a significant variation in the nitrogen-use efficiency at the regional scale. This study aims to quantify agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency (AEN) and identify its driving factors across Chinese greenhouse tomato cultivation. Three hundred and forty-eight AEN values were obtained from 64 papers, including mineral nitrogen (MN) and mineral combined with organic nitrogen (MON) treatments. The average AEN values for the MN and MON treatments were 56.6 ± 7.0 kg kg−1 and 34.6 ± 3.5 kg kg−1, respectively. The AEN of the MN treatment was higher than that of the MON treatment for cultivation using soil with an organic matter content of less than 10 g kg−1 and the drip fertigation method. The AENs of the MN and MON treatments were divided into two segments according to the nitrogen application rate. The inflection points of the nitrogen application rate were 290 and 1100 kg N ha−1 for the MN and MON treatments, respectively. When the ratio of organic nitrogen to total nitrogen was less than 0.4, it was beneficial for improving the AEN. The soil organic matter content and the nitrogen application rate were the most critical factors determining the AEN. These results suggest that rationally reducing the nitrogen input and partially substituting mineral nitrogen with organic nitrogen can help improve the nitrogen-use efficiency.

Treatment of wastewaters from a formaldehyde-urea adhesives factory

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Garrido ◽  
R. Méndez ◽  
J.M. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Formaldehyde Removal

Wastewater from a formaldehyde-urea adhesives factory is characterised by a high organic matter content (COD between 460 and 3900 mg/L mostly due to formaldehyde 220–4000 mg/L) and organic nitrogen (TKN 110–805 mg/L). Besides, a fraction of COD is given by a formaldehyde-urea polymer with a relatively high molecular weight. In a lab-scale (2 L) activated sludge unit, a high formaldehyde removal (higher than 99%) was obtained while the total COD and TKN removal ranged between 70–85 % and 30–50%, respectively. Formaldehyde was used by microorganisms as carbon source and also for the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. The Organic Loading Rate (OLR) was between 0.2 and 1.2 kg–COD/m3·d and the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) between 0.5 and 1.4 d. The non degraded TKN and COD, mostly corresponding to the polymeric fraction, was further treated in an ozonation unit, which increased very efficiently the bioavailability of TKN towards nitrification and allowed an additional COD removal. Results from lab-scale reactors were used for designing and operating an industrial scale activated sludge unit, being the efficiency attained at full-scale similar to the laboratory unit.

Uptake, Translocation, and Adsorption of Pronamide

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Carlson ◽  
E. M. Lignowski ◽  
H. J. Hopen
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Highly Correlated

Pronamide [3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] was most phytotoxic to oat (Avena sativaL.) when placed in the seed zone and to quackgrass (Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.), when placed in the rhizome zone. Inhibition of part of the buds by pronamide on detached quackgrass rhizome sections did not influence other buds. Foliar applications of pronamide were not phytotoxic to established oat or quackgrass. Foliar-applied14C-pronamide showed little uptake by quackgrass. Application to the roots of established plants showed rapid root uptake and movement to the foliage.14C-pronamide was rapidly absorbed by oat seedlings for the first 0.5 hr and subsequently at a much slower rate. Over 60% of the pronamide taken up after 1 hr was exchangeable. Pronamide was adsorbed to the cell walls of treated roots, but little was associated with nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, or soluble protein fractions. Pronamide was adsorbed to varying degrees depending on soil type. Adsorption was more highly correlated with soil organic matter content than with cation exchange capacity, clay content, or pH.

scholarly journals Warming increases carbon-nutrient fluxes from sediments in streams across land use

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 11293-11330
Author(s):  
S.-W. Duan ◽  
S. S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Watershed Land Use ◽  
Sediment Fluxes

Abstract. Rising water temperatures due to climate and land-use change can accelerate biogeochemical fluxes from sediments to streams. We investigated impacts of increased streamwater temperatures on sediment fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and sulfate. Experiments were conducted at 8 long-term monitoring sites across land use (forest, agricultural, suburban, and urban) at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Over 20 yr of routine water temperature data showed substantial variation across seasons and years, and lab incubations were conducted at 4 temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C) for 48 h. Results indicated: (1) warming consistently increased sediment DOC fluxes to overlying water across land use but decreased DOC quality via increases in the humic-like to protein-like fractions (2) warming consistently increased SRP fluxes from sediments to overlying water across land use (3) warming increased sulfate fluxes from sediments to overlying water at rural/suburban sites but decreased sulfate fluxes at urban sites likely due to sulfate reduction (4) nitrate fluxes showed an increasing trend with temperature but with larger variability than SRP. Sediment fluxes of nitrate, SRP and sulfate were strongly related to watershed urbanization and organic matter content. Using relationships of sediment fluxes with temperature, we estimate a 5 °C warming would increase the annual sediment release by 1.0–3.9 times. In addition to hydrologic variability, understanding warming impacts on coupled biogeochemical cycles in streams (e.g., organic matter mineralization, P sorption, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction) is critical for forecasting changes in carbon and nutrient exports across watershed land use.

Herbicide Phytotoxicity as Affected by Selected Properties of North Carolina Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Harrison ◽  
J. B. Weber ◽  
J. V. Baird
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Preemergence applications of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid), fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluro-m-tolyl)urea], propachlor (3-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) were compared in 10 North Carolina soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Carolee’) were used as the indicator plant in bioassays under greenhouse conditions. Fifteen soil properties were measured and correlated with herbicide I50(50% fresh weight inhibition) values. Organic matter was the soil variable most highly correlated with herbicide phytotoxicity. There was an inverse relationship between herbicide water solubility and inactivation by organic matter. Volume weight determinations and water holding capacity values (0.1 bar) provided relatively good estimates of soil organic matter contents, but were not as highly related to herbicide activity as organic matter content.

scholarly journals Sediment and Nutrient Retention in Ponds on an Agricultural Stream: Evaluating Effectiveness for Diffuse Pollution Mitigation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
John Robotham ◽  
Gareth Old ◽  
Ponnambalam Rameshwaran ◽  
David Sear ◽  
David Gasca-Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
On Line

The creation of ponds and wetlands has the potential to alleviate stream water quality impairment in catchments affected by diffuse agricultural pollution. Understanding the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of these features is important in determining their effectiveness at mitigating pollution. This study investigated sediment and nutrient retention in three connected (on-line) ponds on a lowland headwater stream by sampling inflowing and outflowing concentrations during base and storm flows. Sediment trapping devices were used to quantify sediment and phosphorus accumulations within ponds over approximately monthly periods. The organic matter content and particle size composition of accumulated sediment were also measured. The ponds retained dissolved nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus and suspended solids during baseflows. During small to moderate storm events, some ponds were able to reduce peak concentrations and loads of suspended solids and phosphorus; however, during large magnitude events, resuspension of deposited sediment resulted in net loss. Ponds filtered out larger particles most effectively. Between August 2019 and March 2020, the ponds accumulated 0.306 t ha−1 sediment from the 30 ha contributing area. During this period, total sediment accumulations in ponds were estimated to equal 7.6% of the suspended flux leaving the 340 ha catchment downstream. This study demonstrates the complexity of pollutant retention dynamics in on-line ponds and highlights how their effectiveness can be influenced by the timing and magnitude of events.

Adsorption of Ametryne and Diuron by Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Liu ◽  
H. Cibes-Viadé ◽  
F. K. S. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Solution ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Highly Correlated

The adsorption of 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryne) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron) varied greatly among 34 Puerto Rican soils was studied using the agitated slurry technique. Adsorption was expressed as a distribution coefficient (Kd), which is the ratio of the amount of herbicide adsorbed to the amount in the equilibrium solution. In general, diuron was adsorbed to a greater degree than ametryne. Adsorption of ametryne was positively correlated with organic matter and silt content but negatively correlated with pH of the soil. The inclusion of soil pH in a multiple regression analysis contributed the highest increase in explanation for adsorption of ametryne. Adsorption of diuron was highly correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. A correlation was found between adsorption of diuron and content of magnesium, and soil texture. Cation exchange capacity was the only inclusion soil property which, in addition to organic matter, significantly contributed to the adsorption of diuron. Temperature appeared to have a greater effect on the adsorption of diuron than on the adsorption of ametryne. Conversely, the effect of pH on the adsorption of ametryne was significantly greater than that of diuron.

scholarly journals Diversity and spatial and temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates with respect to the trophic state of Lake Figueira in the South of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Blauth de Lima ◽  
Alois Edward Schäfer ◽  
Rosane Maria Lanzer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Faunal Distribution

Benthic macroinvertebrates are widely used in evaluations of environmental impact and recommended in biomonitoring, but little used in Brazilian lentic environments. One of the main objectives has been to explain and predict the distribution of those species according to environmental characteristics. Thus, the study aims to characterize the predominant fauna of the Lake Figueira sediment and its relationship with organic matter and depth, analyzing seasonal variation in communities and aiming to select bioindicators of the trophic state. Sampling was carried out from January 2008 to January 2009, along the lagoon fetch, with an Ekmann-Birge dredge (area 225 cm²). Taxon richness was not significantly related with depth and organic matter content, but those variables were highly correlated (r = 0.962; r² = 0.926 and p < 0.001). The constant oxygenation of the whole water column allows the occurrence of organisms, independent of depth and organic matter content. Chironomidae was the most abundant taxon and from the frequency of occurrence, abundance and clustering analysis it was possible to select Larsia sp. , Goeldichironomus maculatus, Xenochironomus sp. , Aedokritus sp. Cladopelma forcipis, Cryptochironomus brasiliensis, Nilothauma sp.1 and Caladomyia sp. C, Tanytarsus sp. , Tanytarsus rhabdomantis and Chironomus gr. salinarius as potential indicators related with the spatiotemporal faunal distribution of Lake Figueira.

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