Laval development of the Megabalanine Balanomorph Austromegabalanus nigrescens (Lamarck) (Cirripedia, Balanidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Egan ◽  
DT Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Long Range ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
South Wales

The presence of embryos in the mantle cavity of A. nigrescens was monitored over a 2-year period. A, nigrescens maintains some breeding individuals throughout the year but shows peak breeding during the late autumn, winter and early spring in the vicinity of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The larval stages of A. nigrescens are described from larvae reared in the laboratory. A. nigrescens larvae can be easily distinguished from other nauplii described from balanomorphs of New South Wales by their distinctive marginal spines and paired dorsal shield spines. The duration of larval development in A. nigrescens, 13-23 days, is similar to that of other Australian balanids and does not appear to accord with the concept that the distribution of Austromegabalanus species has involved long-range epiplanktonic dispersal. The separation of Austromegabaianus, Notomegabalanus and Megabalanus is supported by larva! differences.

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the seasonal production of irriagted perennial grasses in coastal New South Wales

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Wolfe ◽  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
South Wales

The seasonal productivity of eight perennial grasses at three nitrogen levels was measured in small pure-grass swards at Badgery's Creek, New South Wales. Highly significant differences in seasonal productivity were found between nitrogen levels in all four seasons, and between cultivars in summer, autumn, and winter. The response of the grasses to nitrogen was slightly greater at the high than at the medium level of nitrogen application in all seasons, and was highest in spring (about 40 lb of dry matter per lb of applied nitrogen) and lowest in mid-winter (about 8 lb/lb). Tall fescue was the most efficient responder to nitrogen in late summer and early autumn, Kangaroo Valley ryegrass in late autumn and late winter, and Currie cocksfoot in mid-winter. At a high level of nitrogen, the dry matter produced by Kangaroo Valley ryegrass and Currie cocksfoot in the late autumn to early spring period, the period of greatest feed shortage, was nearly as great as that produced over a similar period by sod-sown oats in earlier experiments at Badgery's Creek.

Life history of Mytilocypris henricae (Chapman) (Crustacea: Ostracoda) in Lake Bathurst, New South Wales

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Martens ◽  
P Deckker ◽  
TG Marples
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of

The life history of the halobiont ostracod M. henricae was studied over a 2.5-year period in Lake Bathurst, a slightly saline lake in New South Wales. Samples were collected monthly or bimonthly between March 1981 and May 1982 and weekly between August 1982 and June 1983. Relative abundance of all nine life stages (eight larval stages and one adult stage) in the samples was determined. Furthermore, in 10 selected monthly samples, sex-ratio, relative abundance of three female maturity stages and number of eggs in uteri of ovigerous females were monitored. Nearly all life stages were present throughout the year and M. henricae is thus a perennial form in Lake Bathurst. Relative abundance of life stages suggests that M. henricae produces three successive generations per year. The spring generation, hatched from eggs laid during winter, matures around November-December. Its larval development takes between 4 and 5 months. The summer generation matures after a larval development of 2.5 months; this short period is ascribed to more favourable temperatures. The autumn generation takes about 4 months to mature.

Habitat preference, diet and demography of the smoky mouse, Pseudomys fumeus (Rodentia : Muridae), in south-eastern New South Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Ford ◽  
Andrew Cockburn ◽  
Linda Broome
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Level

The smoky mouse, Pseudomys fumeus, is an endangered rodent for which ecological information is lacking across much of its range. This paper provides the first detailed study of the local diet and habitat preference of P. fumeus since 1980, conducted on the recently discovered Nullica population in New South Wales. Diet and trap-revealed movements were examined in conjunction with 18 characteristics of habitat to determine the factors influencing habitat choice. Multiple logistic regression of habitat variables and capture locations revealed a floristically determined preference for heath habitat characterised by Epacris impressa, Monotoca scoparia, Leptospermum trinervium, Xanthorrhoea spp. and a variety of legumes. Hypogeal fungi and seeds were the most common food items in the diet of P. fumeus. Fungi were most abundant in winter diet, while seeds and fruit became dominant in late spring and summer. The spring and summer preference for ridge-top heath habitats observed in this study is probably the result of this dietary preference. Resident females constituted 71% of the population in early spring. However, there was a severe decline in numbers of female mice during early spring, and resident males also disappeared from the population. Causes of the decline were unclear. Five of eleven males captured during this study were transient, while no transient females were caught. The sudden decline in the study population, combined with the patchy distribution of suitable habitat and high level of male transience, suggests that P. fumeus form a metapopulation in the Nullica region.

Migration and dispersal of the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in eastern Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrick McDonald ◽  
Roger A. Farrow
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Yorke Peninsula

AbstractAerial sampling for Nysius vinitor Bergroth was undertaken in the surface and upper air, at altitudes of 2 and 100-300 m, respectively, at Trangie in central New South Wales and at Corny Point, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Insects were sampled for 15 periods, each of 3-11 days, between October 1979 and February 1984, covering all months except January, March and May. N. vinitor was one of the most abundant insects caught in the upper air during the day and night (mean density of 652/106 m3), while the congeneric N. clevelandensis Evans was rarely caught at any time. N. vinitor was caught in all months sampled except for the winter months of July and August, and the largest daily catches occurred in September. Females were generally less common than males, although the relative incidence in the upper air catches frequently increased significantly from day to night. Fewer mature females were caught in the upper air (0-16·8%) than at the surface (0-48·4%). Densities were generally much greater in the surface air than in the upper air, although during the major flights of spring, there was less than a two-fold difference, indicating increased migratory activity. Migration occurred in a range of synoptic conditions resulting in the displacement of individuals in a variety of directions and distances depending on synoptic flow at the time of flight. Major migrations occurred at night, following dusk take-off, in disturbed weather associated with prefrontal airflows. These resulted in net southward displacements of ca 200-300 km depending on flight duration. It is suggested that major immigration flights into central-western New South Wales and regions to the south regularly occur in early spring (September-October) and probably arise from breeding areas in subtropical latitudes.

The Gondwanan relict oribatid genus Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida: Crotoniidae) from rainforests in Queensland and Northern New South Wales: new species show a mixed pattern of short-range and long-range endemism

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2649 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. COLLOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Short Range ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Body Water ◽  
South Wales ◽  
A New Species

Twelve new species of Crotonia are described from rainforests in Queensland and Northern New South Wales, Australia. Crotonia sterigma sp. nov. belongs to a new species group, Borbora, to which C. borbora Luxton, 1987, redescribed here, and for which a lectotype is designated, is re-assigned from the Capistrata group. Six species belong to the Capistrata group (C. brisbanensis sp. nov., C. maculata sp. nov., C. monteithi sp. nov., C. daviesae sp. nov., C. weiri sp. nov., and C. yeatesi sp. nov.). Previously-known Australian members of the Capistrata group, C. ardala Luxton, 1987 and C. capistrata Luxton, 1987, are redescribed and lectotypes are designated. Four species, C. cameroni sp. nov., C. queenslandiae sp. nov., C. eungella sp. nov. and C. seemani sp. nov., belong to the Cophinaria species-group and one, C. raveni sp. nov. is morphologically so different from other Crotonia spp. that it is also assigned to a new species-group. This brings the number of species of Crotonia recorded from Australia to 27, almost half of the global fauna. Mostspecies show localised distribution in rainforest remnants, characteristic of short-range endemics with apparently low dispersal capabilities, are subject to constraints of body water balance and thus confined to wet habitats. They can be divided into those associated with a northern region (ca. 16–18°S) centred around the Wet Tropics from Cape Tribulation to the Walter Hill Range (C. ardala, C. borbora, C. capistrata, C. monteithi), a central region (ca. 20–18°S) from Mount Dryander to Byfield (C. cameroni, C. eungella, C. seemani) and a southern region (ca. 26-28°S) from the Conondale Range to Whian Whian (C. brisbanensis, C. daviesae, C. queenslandiae, C. raveni, C. weiri, and C. yeatesi). Other species are long-range endemics. Crotonia maculata sp. nov. is found throughout all three regions and C. sterigma sp. nov. is found in both the central and southern regions. Several species show a series of characters that are considered to function in aiding the accumulation and retention of mineral soil and organic debris adhering to the cerotegument. These characters include the elongation of the caudal apophyses, expansion or elongation of the notogastral shield, retention of the elongated, flagelliform nymphal form of the notogastral setae and retention of nymphal exuviae in the caudal region. The layer of detritus covering the cerotegument was dissected off the cuticle of adult female and tritonymphal C. raveni sp. nov. and was found to constitute more than the mean wet weight of the mites. The acquisition by the mites of the detrital layer after each moult is considered to function as a general anti-predator system and in the reduction of body water loss.

Fertilizer strip tests for the identification of superphosphate responsive pastures

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
BS Dear ◽  
AN Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Capacitance Probe ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

The ability of superphosphate strip tests to identify responsive pastures was evaluated at eight sites on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. Five rates of superphosphate (0, 100,200, 300 and 600 kg/ha) were applied in 100 x 7 m strips in early spring and the pasture dry matter responses measured every three months with a capacitance probe. Herbage responses, ranging from 12 to 232% occurred in the following three months on seven of the eight pastures. The spring and autumn periods gave the largest quarterly responses. The variation in growth within strips observed was small enough to establish differences in dry matter between strips. On deficient sites all fertilizer rates produced measurable responses, however the 300 kg/ha rate was sufficient to give clear-cut responses at all the deficient sites. As the pasture responses observed in the strip tests were consistent with predicted responses by plant and soil analyses, it was concluded that they offer a practical alternative for use by farmers. Suggestions are made on the layout of fertilizer strips, and the interpretation of results.

scholarly journals Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 2. Growth pathways of steers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Dicker ◽  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
M. J. McPhee ◽  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
A. D. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
South Wales

This paper describes the post-weaning growth of Bos taurus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus-derived steers grazing temperate perennial pasture in northern New South Wales. These cattle were either autumn weaners from spring-calving herds in summer rainfall environments, or summer weaners from autumn-calving herds in winter rainfall environments. Autumn weaners were grown out on 3 pasture systems: (i) pasture only (P1), (ii) pasture supplemented in late winter–early spring with formulated pellets of high protein content (P2), or (iii) pasture supplemented with a nitrogen-fertilised forage crop (P3) to provide different growth pathways towards entry to the finishing phase. Over the 3-year study, seasonal liveweight gain on P1 varied between –0.21 and 1.05 kg/head.day; liveweight gain was generally low (about 0.5 kg/head.day) in winter and high (about 0.8 kg/head.day) in spring. Bos taurus autumn weaners achieved feedlot entry specifications for the domestic market (300 kg liveweight) in 6–8 weeks by the end of winter, and feedlot entry specifications for the export market (400 kg liveweight) in 17–27 weeks by the end of summer. For B. taurus x B. indicus-derived autumn weaners, the period to feedlot entry was 19 and 33 weeks for domestic and export feedlot entry specifications, respectively. Supplementary feeding generally increased post-weaning growth in late winter–early spring and reduced the period to feedlot entry for export steers. Summer weaners were grown out on pasture in P1, P2 or P3 pasture systems, met domestic feedlot entry specifications on arrival, but did not reach export feedlot entry specifications before the onset of winter imposed liveweight stasis. The most effective grow-out system was based on Bos taurus autumn weaners with supplementary feeding in winter–spring to overcome the limitations of the winter feed gap.

Mineral nitrogen fluctuations in soils under improved pasture in Southern New South Wales

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Improved Pasture

Soils under improved pasture on the Southern Tableland of New South Wales accumulated nitrate in substantial quantities during the summer and autumn. In this respect they behaved quite unlike the pasture soils which have been studied in most of the earlier literature, and they resembled cultivated fallow soils, which usually accumulate nitrate at the same time of the year. The nitrate was produced mainly in the top inch of soil; ammonium also accumulated under certain conditions. The precise sequence of climatic events, particularly the period of drying between consecutive wettings, was of primary importance in the nitrate accumulation. The nitrate produced during summer and early autumn disappeared from the topsoil after heavy rain in autumn and winter. The seasons could therefore be distinguished as a nitrogen-rich summer and autumn, a nitrogen-depleting winter, and a nitrogen-poor early spring, with an increasing supply of mineral nitrogen during late spring. No appreciable fluctuations in mineral nitrogen were found in soils resown directly from native pasture with less than 0.10% total nitrogen at 0-2 in.

Effect of seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer on production of autumn sown rape (Brassica napus) on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (38) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gramshaw ◽  
FC Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
South Wales

Two factorial field experiments, comparing the effects of a range of seeding rates and levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the winter and early spring yield of rape (Brassica napus CV. Dwarf Essex) sown in early autumn, were conducted in two successive years near Orange (33.2�S, 149.1�E), New South Wales. Average annual rainfall is 34 inches and winter mean temperatures range from 42-45�F. Seeding rates of from 9 to 15 lb an acre and nitrogen fertilizer at 80 lb N an acre at seeding gave near optimum winter and early spring yields. This combination gave a three-fold increase in yield over sowings at 3 lb an acre without nitrogen fertilizer. The responses to seeding rate and nitrogen were independent in winter, but these factors interacted to affect yield in early spring. The dry matter content of rape varied between 11.5 and 19.3 per cent and was generally unaffected by seeding rate, but tended to decrease slightly with increased nitrogen level. Nitrogen percentage, which fluctuated between 2.18 and 3.61, was little affected by increased seeding rate and generally showed a small increase with increasing levels of applied nitrogen.

Effects of herbicides on wallaby grass (Danthonia spp.). 2. Established plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
MG McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

Three experiments were conducted at Tamworth, New South Wales, in 1990-92 to assess the effects of a range of broadleaf and grass herbicides, 6 rates of glyphosate and paraquat + diquat, and 4 rates of 2,4-D amine and diuron on the phytotoxicity, dry matter yield, inflorescence number, and seed yield of established Danthonia (wallaby grass) plants. Phytotoxicity was scored visually on a 0-5 scale (0, no phytotoxicity; 5, 100%). Danthonia dry matter yields were not affected (P<0.05) by any herbicide tested, except glyphosate applied at 2360 g a.i./ha. Phytotoxicity was highest for the glyphosate treatment (1440 g a.i./ha) in that study. All rates of glyphosate, and paraquat + diquat rates >250 + 150 g a.i./ha reduced (P<0.05) inflorescence number compared with the unsprayed control. Paraquat + diquat had no significant effect on seed yield, but glyphosate rates >360 g a.i./ha reduced (P<0.05) seed yield compared with the control. In 1992, no damage was observed on 2,4-D amine treatments and phytotoxicity scores were low (<2) for all diuron treatments. Danthonia inflorescence numbers and seed yields were higher (P<0.05) on plots mown in early spring than on unmown treatments. The lack of effect of herbicides such as diclofopmethyl, simazine, fenoxaprop-ethyl, and diuron on Danthonia dry matter yield, and the low phytotoxicity, indicated that a range of chemicals may be used on established Danthonia swards to control perennial and annual grass weeds. Seed yield was more affected than dry matter yield by herbicide, and paraquat + diquat should be used in preference to glyphosate on seed crops.

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