Annual production of Typha orientalis Presl. in inland Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Roberts ◽  
GG Ganf
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
A Value ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
Harvest Data ◽  
The Difference

The annual aboveground production of T. orientalis was estimated from harvest data by three techniques. The first calculated production as the difference between maximum and minimum standing crop and gave a value of 1175 g m-2. Demographic data showed this was an underestimate. The second estimate by Smalley's method of 3824 g m-2 was considered an overestimate since no account was taken of stand variability. The third estimate, 2334 g m-2, used data fitted by splined regression and was considered the most reliable since it accounted for stand variability, continuous growth, shoot mortality and the translocation of carbon substrate. Annual aboveground production of inland T. orientalis was greater than most estimates from temperate climates, and whole plant production, 4379 g m-2, greatly exceeded the suggested maximum of 3000 g m-2 for freshwater emergent macrophytes.

Primary production and life history of Carex lacustris

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Bernard ◽  
James G. Macdonald Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
A Value ◽  
Aboveground Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carex Lacustris ◽  
Very High

Seasonal changes in aboveground and belowground standing crop and primary production in a Carex lacustris wetland were determined and related to the basic life history of this species. There was a seasonal minimum of 180 g/m2 green material aboveground frozen in the ice in winter and a maximum of 1037 g/m2 in summer (early August). Seasonal aboveground production based on quadrat data and based on the difference between maximum and minimum standing crop is estimated to be 857 g/m2 per year, maximum daily production 15 g/m2 per day. A second estimate, also based on quadrat data but taking into account the very high shoot mortality during the growing season, was determined. Seasonal aboveground production then is 1580 g/m2 per year, maximum daily production is 20.3 g/m2 per day. Belowground standing crop was 387 g/m2 in winter but then declined to an average summer low of 226 g/m2. Belowground standing crop increased during autumn and, by October 7, a value equal to the previous winter's value was reached. Shoots of this species live for 1 year or less, emerging in autumn, overwintering, and then dying sometime during the next summer.

Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Row Width ◽  
The Difference

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

scholarly journals The Water Footprint of Primary and Secondary Processing of Beef from Different Cattle Breeds: A Value Fraction Allocation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6914
Author(s):  
Frikkie Alberts Maré ◽  
Henry Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Footprint ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
High Water ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Production ◽  
High Water Intake ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

The high water intake and wastewater discharge of slaughterhouses have been a concern for many years. One neglected factor in previous research is allocating the water footprint (WF) to beef production’s different products and by-products. The objective of this article was to estimate the WF of different cattle breeds at a slaughterhouse and cutting plant and allocate it according to the different cuts (products) and by-products of beef based on the value fraction of each. The results indicated a negative relationship between the carcass weight and the processing WF when the different breeds were compared. Regarding a specific cut of beef, a kilogram of rib eye from the heaviest breed had a processing WF of 614.57 L/kg, compared to the 919.91 L/kg for the rib eye of the lightest breed. A comparison of the different cuts indicated that high-value cuts had higher WFs than low-value cuts. The difference between a kilogram of rib eye and flank was 426.26 L/kg for the heaviest breed and 637.86 L/kg for the lightest breed. An option to reduce the processing WF of beef is to lessen the WF by slaughtering heavier animals. This will require no extra investment from the slaughterhouse. At the same time, the returns should increase as the average production inputs per kilogram of output (carcass) should reduce, as the slaughterhouse will process more kilograms.

scholarly journals Management of post-operative discitis following discectomy in a tertiary-level hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949902098821
Author(s):  
Md Kamrul Ahsan ◽  
Md Sariful Hasan ◽  
Md Shahidul Islam Khan ◽  
Najmus Sakeb
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Hospital

Purpose: To perform retrospective analysis of 75 post-operative disc space infections after open lumbar discectomy (OLD) and to assess the outcome of their medical and surgical management in a tertiary-level hospital. Methods: Records of 50 men and 25 women aged 26–65 (mean, 42.53) years who underwent treatment for post-operative discitis (POD) after single level OLD at L3–4 (n = 8), L4–5 (n = 42), L5–S1 (n = 25) level. The POD was diagnosed according to specific clinical signs, laboratory and radiographic investigations and all of them received initial intravenous antibiotics (IVA) for at least 4–6 weeks followed by oral ones. Successful responders (n = 55) were considered in Group-C and remainder [Group-S (n = 20)] were operated at least after 4 weeks of failure. Demographic data, clinical variables, hospital stay, duration of antibiotic treatment and post-treatment complications were collected from the hospital record and assessment before and after treatment were done by using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Comprehensive outcome was evaluated by modified criteria of Kirkaldy-Willis. Results: The mean follows up was 36.38 months. Significant improvement of mean VAS and JOA score was achieved in both conservative (76.36% satisfactory) and operative (90% satisfactory) groups although the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Although insignificant, early surgical intervention provided better results (e.g. functional outcomes, length of hospital stay and duration of antibiotic treatment therapy) than conventional conservative treatment in post-operative discitis.

Berechnung kinetischer Isotopeneffekte für die Reaktion von Methyljodid mit Cyanid-Ion

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384
Author(s):  
A. V. Willi
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Secular Equation ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Force Constants ◽  
Bond Breaking ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
A Value ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Deuterium Isotope Effects ◽  
The Difference

Kinetic carbon-13 and deuterium isotope effects are calculated for the SN2 reaction of CH3I with CN-. The normal vibrational frequencies of CH3I, the transition state I · · · CH3 · · · CN, and the corresponding isotope substituted reactants and transition states are evaluated from the force constants by solving the secular equation on an IBM 7094 computer.Values for 7 force constants of the planar CH3 moiety in the transition state (with an sp2 C atom) are obtained by comparison with suitable stable molecules. The stretching force constants related to the bonds being broken or newly formed (fCC, fCC and the interaction between these two stretches, /12) are chosen in such a way that either a zero or imaginary value for νʟ≠ will result. Agreement between calculated and experimental methyl-C13 isotope effects (k12/ k13) can be obtained only in sample calculations with sufficiently large values of f12 which lead to imaginary νʟ≠ values. Furthermore, the difference between fCI and fCC must be small (in the order of 1 mdyn/Å). The bending force constants, fHCI and fHCC, exert relatively little influence on k12/k13. They are important for the D isotope effect, however. As soon as experimental data on kH/kD are available it will be possible to derive a value for fHCC in the transition state if fHCI is kept constant at 0.205 mdynA, and if fCI, fCC and f12 are held in a reasonable order of magnitude. There is no agreement between experimental and calculated cyanide-C13 isotope effects. Possible explanations are discussed. — Since fCI and fCC cannot differ much it must be concluded that the transition state is relatively “symmetric”, with approximately equal amounts of bond making and bond breaking.

Abstract 279: The Impact of Heart Failure on Depression and Quality of Life is Greater in Men than Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Hachamovitch ◽  
Brian Griffin ◽  
Alan Klein ◽  
Benjamin Nutter ◽  
Irene Katzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cardiovascular Assessment ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Patients (pts) diagnosed with congestive heart failure (HF) have been reported to have more frequent depression and worsened health related quality of life (HRQOL). Although depression is more common in women than men in this condition, the impact of HF on depression and HRQOL in men versus women is unclear. We sought to examine the relationship between pt sex, HF diagnosis, and pt-perceived depression and HRQOL. Methods. Depression (PHQ-9) and HRQOL (EQ5D) data were collected using tablet computers from pts presenting for routine outpatient cardiovascular assessment at our institution between November, 2010 and December, 2011. Demographic, clinical, and historical data was collected as per routine. We examined the association of pt sex and clinical diagnosis of HF with instrument results after adjusting for potential confounding information using mutliple linear regression. Results. Of 3046 pts (age 61±15), 39% were female and 8.7% were diagnosed with HF. Overall, PHQ-9 was greater, and minor or major depression (PHQ-9≥10) was more frequent, in women than men (4.6±4.6 vs. 3.3±4.4; 14.0% vs. 8.9%, both p<0.05) and in HF pts than pts without HF (5.9±5.6 vs. 3.6±4.3, 22.0% versus 9.6%; both p<0.05). Similarly, HRQOL was worse in women than men (EQ-5D 0.80±0.18 vs. 0.87±0.16; p<0.01) and in HF pts than no HF (EQ-5D 0.76±0.18 vs. 0.85±0.17; p<0.01). However, the difference in PHQ-9 between pts with versus without HF was greater in men (6.23±6.06 vs. 3.02±4.06, p<0.01) than women (5.43±4.85 vs. 4.55±4.58, p=0.09). After adjusting for cardiovascular diagnoses, comorbidities, clinical and demographic data, multivariable modeling of PHQ-9 revealed a significant interaction between pt sex and HF diagnosis (p=0.001; see Figure) such that women had greater PHQ-9 scores compared to men without HF, but in the setting of HF, mens' PHQ-9 scores were greater. Modeling of EQ-5D also revealed that after risk-adjustment an interaction between HF diagnosis and sex was present with a similar pattern of findings. Conclusion. Although depression is more frequent and severe in women compared to men, and in pts with versus without HF, HF appears to impact depression severity more in men compared to women.

Decreased Carbon Dioxide Sensitivity in Infants of Substance-Abusing Mothers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-867
Author(s):  
Janet G. Wingkun ◽  
Janet S. Knisely ◽  
Sidney H. Schnoll ◽  
Gary R. Gutcher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Substance Abusing ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Co2 Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Drug Free

Objective. To determine whether there is a demonstrable abnormality in control of breathing in infants of substance-abusing mothers during the first few days of life. Methods. We enrolled 12 drug-free control infants and 12 infants of substance abusing mothers (ISAMs). These infants experienced otherwise uncomplicated term pregnancies and deliveries. The infants were assigned to a group based on the results of maternal histories and maternal and infant urine toxicology screens. Studies were performed during quiet sleep during the first few days of life. We measured heart rate, oxygen saturations via a pulse oximeter, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ET-CO2) level, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and airflow. The chemoreceptor response was assessed by measuring minute ventilation and the ET-CO2 level after 5 minutes of breathing either room air or 4% carbon dioxide. Results. The gestational ages by obstetrical dating and examination of the infants were not different, although birth weights and birth lengths were lower in the group of ISAMs. Other demographic data were not different, and there were no differences in the infants' median ages at the time of study or in maternal use of tobacco and alcohol. The two groups had comparable baseline (room air) ET-CO2 levels, respiratory rates, tidal volumes, and minute ventilation. When compared with the group of ISAMs, the drug-free group had markedly increased tidal volume and minute ventilation on exposure to 4% carbon dioxide. These increases accounted for the difference in sensitivity to carbon dioxide, calculated as the change in minute ventilation per unit change in ET-CO2 (milliliters per kg/min per mm Hg). The sensitivity to carbon dioxide of control infants was 48.66 ± 7.14 (mean ± SE), whereas that of ISAMs was 16.28 ± 3.14. Conclusions. These data suggest that ISAMs are relatively insensitive to challenge by carbon dioxide during the first few days of life. We speculate that this reflects an impairment of the chemoreceptor response.

Analisis Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrakk Biji Sangrai Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dari Tanaman Hasil Pemupukan Organik dan Anorganik

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Aida Qotrun Nada ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu ◽  
Ari Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
A Value ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The Difference

Ground coffee is coffee beans that have been roasted, ground or ground so that they have a smooth shape. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of compounds in robusta coffee roasted seed extract (Coffea canephora) from plants produced by organic and inorganic fertilization, and to know the difference in compounds between the results of organic and inorganic fertilization. The characteristics of phytochemical screening were carried out qualitatively on alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins and the antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH (1,1-dipenyl-2-picrihidrazil) method. Phytochemical screening characteristic test results show that robusta coffee bean extract extract from the results of organic and inorganic fertilization both contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, while the antioxidant test activity of robusta coffee beans extracts shows differences based on the results of statistical tests of linear regression analysis with the IC50 value the highest antioxidant content was inorganic coffee roasted bean extract only 14.0629 ppm compared to the organic roasted extract with a value of 30.6159 ppmKeywords: Robusta Coffee (Coffea canophora), Phytochemical Screening, DPPH MethodABSTRAKKopi bubuk adalah biji kopi yang telah disangrai digiling atau ditumbuk sehingga mempunyai bentuk halus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dalam ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta (Coffe canephora) dari tanaman hasil pemupukan organik dan anorganik, dan mengetahui perbedaan senyawa antara hasil pemupukan organik dan anorganik. Karakteristik skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif yang dilakukan terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid dan saponin dan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrihidrazil). Hasil uji karakteristik skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta dari hasil pemupukan oganik dan anorganik keduanya sama mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin,  sedangkan pada aktifitas uji antioksidan ekstrak biji sangrai kopi robusta menunjukan perbedaan berdasarkan hasil uji statistik analisis regresi linear dengan nilai IC50 kadar antioksidan paling tinggi adalah ekstrak biji sangrai kopi anorganik hanya 14,0629 ppm dibandingkan dengan ekstrak sangrai dari organik dengan nilai 30,6159 ppm.Kata kunci : Kopi Robusta (Coffea canophera), Skrining Fitokimia, Metode DPPH

scholarly journals Career maturity among gifted and talented students in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.10) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Mohd Hakimie Zainal Abidin ◽  
Salleh Amat ◽  
Mhd Subhan ◽  
Mohd Izwan Mahmud ◽  
Sallehuddin Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Career Maturity ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Talented Students ◽  
Regular Students

Career maturity is one of the crucial element for students in the school setting. Career maturity is vital for students to discover their knowledge about their future professions. For gifted and talented students, they may advance from the regular students in discovering their future jobs. This study focusing on career maturity among gifted and talented students in Malaysia. The level of career maturity is measured by the researcher by using Career Maturity Inventory (CMI)-Revised 1995. This research involved 2500 respondents around Malaysia, focusing on boarding schools’ students. The descriptive statistical analysis is used to present the demographic data involving gender, the level of education, and family income of the respondents.  The main finding of this research indicates the difference in career maturity between respondents (gifted and talented students) and the regular students. The implications of this research are discussed especially in terms of guidance and counseling provision in boarding school. 

ETUDE DU POUVOIR NUTRITIF EN PHOSPHORE DE CERTAINS SOLS DU QUEBEC A L'AIDE DU 32P

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
B. TOUATI ◽  
C. PLENCHETTE ◽  
M. TABI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
K Value ◽  
Type Experiment ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

In a pot-type experiment with ryegrass, 32P was used to label isotopically exchangeable soil phosphorus as well as a phosphate fertilizer. The tagging of both forms of phosphorus enable us to determine the pool (L) for soil reserves and the A value which is the availability of these reserves in the presence of fertilizer. The authors establish correlations between the ratio K = L/A and the assimilable phosphorus as determined by the Bray II method, and also between K and the "extra" phosphorus. The authors state that the latter was the difference between the plant phosphorus with and without fertilizer. From this study it is concluded: (1) that the K value seems to be a better criterion than the amount of assimilable phosphorus to estimate the phosphorus fertility of a soil; (2) that the study of the variation of the K value according to the soil types informs us about the reserves behavior and about the way of nutrition for the plant. The calculation of the K value is aimed toward a more adequate fertilization for given types of soil.

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