Effect of salinity change on early development in Galeolaria caespitosa (Polychaeta : Serpulidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Tait ◽  
D Atapattu ◽  
R Browne
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salinity Change ◽  
Osmotic Concentration

Although G. caespitosa is able to survive seawater dilution down to 60% seawater, oocytes released into 60% seawater are not viable. Despite this, a greater percentage of oocytes released into 60% seawater are induced to undergo prematuration (as indicated by the initiation of meiosis) than occurs in oocytes released into normal seawater. Unspawned oocytes in adult worms maintained in 60% seawater are protected from this osmotic shock despite equilibration of the osmotic concentration of the body fluids with the external medium.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Urine Formation in Invertebrates

1936 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
L. E. R. PICKEN
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Urine Formation

1. In Carcinus maenas: (a) The blood may be hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic to the external medium. (b) The urine may be hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic to the blood, and its concentration may differ in the two antennary glands. (c) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 13 cm. of water. (d) The colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is c. 11 cm. of water. (e) The urine probably contains protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure of c. 3 cm. of water. 2. In Potamobius fluviatilis: (a) The blood is hypertonic to the external medium. (b) The urine is hypotonic to the blood but hypertonic to the external medium and its concentration may differ in the two antennary glands. (c) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 20 cm. of water. (d) The colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is c. 15 cm. of water. (e) The urine may contain protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of c. 2 cm. of water. 3. In Peripatopsis spp.: (a) The blood is hypertonic to the urine. (b) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 10 cm. of water. (c) The colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of the blood is c. 5 cm. of water. (d) The urine may contain protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of c. 2.5 cm. of water. 4. It is concluded that filtration is possible and that secretion and resorption almost certainly occur in the formation of the urine. 5. A microthermopile is described. 6. Methods are described for measuring the hydrostatic pressure and the colloid osmotic pressures of the body fluids in small animals.

Distribution of water in Arenicola marina (L.) equilibrated to diluted sea water

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. H. Freeman ◽  
T. J. Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Wide Range

It is our aim in this paper to answer three questions. All of them relate to the well-known ability of lugworms to act as isosmotic osmo-conformers over a wide range of salinities. When exposed to diluted sea water, the body fluids come into osmotic equilibrium with the lowered external concentration, and considerable amounts of water enter the body of the worm. There is no evidence of weight or volume regulation in dilute media, as assessed by a return of the body weight towards its original value. The processes of osmotic adaptation down to the lowest salinity limits for survival include, therefore, tolerance of a lowered osmotic concentration of the body fluids, and of the retention of increased amounts of water in the body. The evidence on which this view of osmotic adaptation in lugworms is based is reviewed by Oglesby (1969, 1973). Additional information on Arenicola marina is provided by Freeman & Shuttleworth (1977).

Fine Structure of the Gills of Jaera Nordmanni (Rathke) [Crustacea, Isopoda]

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bubel ◽  
M. B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Transport System ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Low Salinity

The isopod genus Jaera Leach (Crustacea) is a common component of the fauna in estuaries (Green, 1968; Jones & Naylor, 1971; Naylor, 1972; Jones, 1974). The members of this genus are able to survive low salinity (Jones, 1972a; Harvey, Jones & Naylor, 1973) by active control of the osmotic concentration of the body fluids above that of the external environment (Jones, 1972&; Forbes, 1974). While it has been well established that the crustacean gill is the site of the transport system involved in osmoregulation (Koch, 1954; Shaw, i960; Bielawski, 1964; Croghan, Curra & Lockwood, 1965; Quinn & Lane, 1966), there have been few studies on the fine structure of this organ (Copeland, 1968; Copeland & Fitzjarrell, 1968; Bielawski, 1971; Fisher, 1972; Talbot, Clark & Lawrence, 1972; Lockwood, Inman & Courtenay, 1973). The present paper describes the structure of the gills of Jaera nordmanni (Rathke) and relates the role of the various elements observed to the physiological functioning of the gill.

IMPLEMENTATION OF FATWA ULAMA COUNCIL ACEH CONCERNING MAINTAINING FARDHU KIFAYAH FOR THE MUSLIM’S CORPSE INFECTED BY COVID 19 IN BANDA ACEH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract: The phenomenon of the people who forcibly took covid's corpse 19 from the hospital to be taken care of by Fardhu Kifayah by his family and the community, became a conclusion that there was community doubt about the management of Tajhiz Mayat conducted by the hospital. Coupled with the circulation of the video of the Ruku movement 'in the corpse prayer conducted by unscrupulous parties at the Hospital, became added doubts from the public against the hospital. To solve this problem, this research uses a Descriptive Analysis approach, namely by formulating a question, namely How to arrange Covid 19's body in Banda Aceh and this question will be answered with several theories and data sets from the field. So it was concluded in a conclusion that answered the formulation of the problems mentioned. Theoretically the spread of covid 19 is very fast, the size of the virus is only 0.1 micrometer and is in body fluids, especially nasopharyngeal fluid and oropharyngeal fluids of infected people, fluids in the body of covid 19 bodies can get out through every gap of the body such as mouth, nose, eye and rectum, because it requires special techniques in its management. Fardhu kifayah to covid 19 bodies should be carried out by trained Ustad and trained health workers, so that the spread stopped. The results of this study concluded that the management of the Moslem bodies died at Zainal Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh was in accordance with the Fatwa of the Aceh Ulama Council (MPU) and the bodies were handled by trained Ustad and health workers.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ex-vivo transformation of semen, saliva and urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanurup Das ◽  
Abhimanyu Harshey ◽  
Ankit Srivastava ◽  
Kriti Nigam ◽  
Vijay Kumar Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Time Since Deposition ◽  
Dry Out

AbstractThe ex-vivo biochemical changes of different body fluids also referred as aging of fluids are potential marker for the estimation of Time since deposition. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential to reveal the biochemical changes in these fluids as previously reported by several researchers. The present study is focused to analyze the spectral changes in the ATR-FTIR spectra of three body fluids, commonly encountered in violent crimes i.e., semen, saliva, and urine as they dry out. The whole analytical timeline is divided into relatively slow phase I due to the major contribution of water and faster Phase II due to significant evaporation of water. Two spectral regions i.e., 3200–3400 cm−1 and 1600–1000 cm−1 are the major contributors to the spectra of these fluids. Several peaks in the spectral region between 1600 and 1000 cm−1 showed highly significant regression equation with a higher coefficient of determination values in Phase II in contrary to the slow passing Phase I. Principal component and Partial Least Square Regression analysis are the two chemometric tool used to estimate the time since deposition of the aforesaid fluids as they dry out. Additionally, this study potentially estimates the time since deposition of an offense from the aging of the body fluids at the early stages after its occurrence as well as works as the precursor for further studies on an extended timeframe.

scholarly journals Efficient In Vitro Amplification of Chronic Wasting Disease PrPRES

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 9605-9608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Kurt ◽  
Matthew R. Perrott ◽  
Carol J. Wilusz ◽  
Jeffrey Wilusz ◽  
Surachai Supattapone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Significant Step

ABSTRACT Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids is associated with conversion of the normal cervid prion protein, PrPC, to a protease-resistant conformer, PrPCWD. Here we report the use of both nondenaturing amplification and protein-misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to amplify PrPCWD in vitro. Normal brains from deer, transgenic mice expressing cervid PrPC [Tg(cerPrP)1536 mice], and ferrets supported amplification. PMCA using normal Tg(cerPrP)1536 brains as the PrPC substrate produced >6.5 × 109-fold amplification after six rounds. Highly efficient in vitro amplification of PrPCWD is a significant step toward detection of PrPCWD in the body fluids or excreta of CWD-susceptible species.

Studies on the Physiology of Ascaris Lumbricoides

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
A. D. HOBSON ◽  
W. STEPHENSON ◽  
A. EDEN
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Total Concentrations

The results obtained in this investigation are admittedly not as extensive as is desirable but they allow certain conclusions to be drawn. 1. The sodium and potassium contents of the body fluid of Ascaris lumbricoides are somewhat variable, but these variations do not seem to be dependent upon those of the external medium. 2. The calcium and magnesium contents of the body fluid are relatively constant and are not affected by those of the external medium. 3. The chloride concentration of the body fluid is closely related to and always remains lower than that of the external medium. 4. As shown in Table 2, there is a large gap between the total concentrations of inorganic cations and anions in the intestinal fluid of the pig. Presumably a considerable proportion of the inorganic cations are combined with organic anions, at present undetermined. Exposing the worms to saline media composed of chloride caused a large rise in the internal chloride concentration. This may well be a limiting factor in the life of the animals in such media, and the next step forward would seem to be the fuller analysis of the environment to which they are normally exposed.

Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio J Adrogué ◽  
Nicolaos E Madias
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Therapeutic Principles ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory acid-base disorders are those disturbances in acid-base equilibrium that are expressed by a primary change in CO2 tension (Pco2) and reflect primary changes in the body’s CO2 stores (i.e., carbonic acid). A primary increase in Pco2 (and a primary increase in the body’s CO2 stores) defines respiratory acidosis or primary hypercapnia and is characterized by acidification of the body fluids. By contrast, a primary decrease in Pco2 (and a primary decrease in the body’s CO2 stores) defines respiratory alkalosis or primary hypocapnia and is characterized by alkalinization of the body fluids. Primary changes in Pco2 elicit secondary physiologic changes in plasma [HCO3ˉ] that are directional and proportional to the primary changes and tend to minimize the impact on acidity. This review presents the pathophysiology, secondary physiologic response, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles of respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis.  This review contains 4 figures, 3 tables, and 59 references. Key words: Respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, primary hypercapnia, primary hypocapnia, hypoxemia, pseudorespiratory alkalosis

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