Effects of temperature and food on instar development rates of Boeckella symmetrica Sars (Copepoda : Calanoida)

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
IO Woodward ◽  
RWG White
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effects of temperature and food availability on rates of instar development of B. symmetrica are described. Increasing temperature decreased total development time. There may be evidence of a compensatory plateau for development rates between 15 and 20�C. A reduced food supply reduced development rates of the instars. Females generally developed more slowly than males.

Effects of temperature and food on the fecundity and egg development rates of Boeckella symmetrica Sars (Copepoda : Calanoida)

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
IO Woodward ◽  
RWG White
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effects of temperature and food regime on the fecundity and egg development of B. symmetrica are presented. Clutch size decreases with increasing temperature and decreased food availability. At low food levels; there is increased variability in clutch size; this increase is less marked at lower temperatures. Duration of egg development decreases hyperbolically with increasing temperature; there may be a slight increase with increased food availability. Egg size decreases linearly with increasing temperature: food supply may have some effect. Variability of egg size decreases with decreasing temperature. Egg mortality is highest towards the lower limit of the natural thermal range of B. symmetrica and lowest near the middle.

Survival of Endocronartium harknessii teliospores in a simulated airborne state

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 928-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan-Fa Chang ◽  
P. V. Blenis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Spore Longevity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the survival of Endocronartium harknessii teliospores and the longevity of these spores out of doors during daylight hours were studied. In one experiment, fresh and liquid-nitrogen-stored spores of E. harknessii were impacted onto spider webs or plastic threads and incubated in darkness at temperatures of 6, 15, and 24 °C and RHs of 39 and 98%. Survival was measured after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. Spore longevity decreased with increasing temperature and was lower at 98 than at 39% RH. In a second experiment, spores were impacted onto spider webs and placed out of doors on clear days. Viability decreased linearly with time and averaged 33% after 12 h. The data suggest that E. harknessii has relatively good ability to survive in an airborne state and thus would have considerable potential for long distance spread.

Effects of Temperature on Leaf Expansion in Sunflower

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson ◽  
JH Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Relative Change

Five commercial cultivars of sunflower were grown in cabinets at three temperature regimes, 32/22, 27/17 and 22/12°C, and with 15-h and 11-h photoperiods, and expansion of leaves 5-15 was followed. Leaves appeared faster with increasing temperature (0.022 leaves day-1 °C-1) and with increasing daylength. Areas of individual leaves increased linearly up the plant profile and, although final area per leaf (Amax) decreased with increasing temperature, the relative change was similar for each leaf position. Cultivars maintained their ranking for Amax across temperatures, and these rankings agreed with those in previous field studies. Within each temperature regime, both the expansion rate of leaves and the duration of expansion increased with leaf position. As temperature increased, leaves grew for shorter periods with a change of 1.04 days °C-1, but under the photon flux density used (500 �mol m-2 s-1, or about 25% full sunlight) expansion rates were greatest at the lowest temperature. Expansion rates were only one-third of those in field studies at comparable temperatures, but durations were similar. Cultivars that achieved the largest Amax did so via faster rates of expansion and not via longer durations: only one cultivar differed from the mean (20 days) duration of leaf expansion. All cultivars reached floral initiation progressively earlier with extension of photoperiod from 10 to 15 h, with the change for the most sensitive cultivars being 8 days and for the least sensitive 5 days. Rates of leaf emergence were linked with this sensitivity.

scholarly journals Effects of WMA Additive on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder and High Temperature Performance Grade

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiupeng Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Liu ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Jianzhong Pei
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Sasobit additives with different dosages were added into 70# and 90# virgin asphalt binders to prepare WMA binders. The rheological properties, includingG∗andδ, were measured by using DSR at the temperature ranging from 46°C to 70°C, and the effects of temperature, additive dosage and aging onG∗/sin⁡δ, critical temperature, and H-T PG were investigated. The results indicate that WMA additive improvesG∗but reducesδ, and the improvement on 70# virgin binder is more significant.G∗/sin⁡δexponentially decreases with the increasing temperature but linearly increases with the increasing additive dosage. Aging effect weakens the interaction between binder and additive but significantly increases the binder’s viscosity; that is whyG∗/sin⁡δis higher after short-term aging. In addition, the critical temperature increases with the increasing additive dosage, and the additive dosage should be more than 3% and 5% to improve H-T PG by one grade for 70# and 90# virgin binder, respectively.

Temperature effects on pH of mitochondria isolated from carp red muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. R611-R615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Moyes ◽  
L. T. Buck ◽  
P. W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes

Mitochondria isolated from red muscle of carp (Cyprinus carpio) were used to investigate the effects of temperature and extramitochondrial pH (pHe) on the mitochondrial pH gradient and respiratory properties. Mitochondria from animals acclimated to 10 degrees C were isolated and incubated in KCl-based media with 0.2 mM lauroylcarnitine (C-12) as substrate. Maximal respiratory control ratios (RCR = state 3/state 4) were 16-18 between pH 6.7 and 7.4 at 10 degrees C; RCR values were 9-12 between pH 6.5 and 7.1 at 30 degrees C. Changes in RCR values were due primarily to changes in the state 3 rate (in the presence of ADP). Mitochondrial pH was determined by measuring 5,5-[2-14C]dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione distribution, using [14C]sucrose as an extramatrical marker. The pH gradient was inversely related to pHe. At any particular pHe, the mitochondrial pH gradient decreased with increasing temperature. However, if pHe was varied in the same manner that intracellular pH changes with temperature in vivo, the pH gradient was maintained constant at approximately 0.4 U at 10, 20, and 30 degrees C. These data suggest that carp red muscle mitochondria defend an appropriate mitochondrial pH gradient with temperature-induced changes in intracellular pH.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Wear Properties and Mechanisms of HVOF Sprayed CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 Coatings and H13 Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Zheng Wei ◽  
Yuping Wu ◽  
Sheng Hong ◽  
Weihua Yang ◽  
Wei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Oxygen Fuel ◽  
Better Than

In this study, the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coatings were prepared by the high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying. A series of ball-on-disk sliding wear tests were conducted to evaluate the tribological properties of the coatings at different temperatures (25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C). The results showed that the average coefficients of friction (COFs) of the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coatings were lower than that of H13 steel at different temperatures. The average COFs of the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coatings and H13 steel both decreased with increasing temperature. The wear rate of the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coatings increased first and then decreased. The microhardness of worn surface of the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coatings increased with increasing temperature, while the microhardness of worn surface of H13 steel at 25 °C and 200°C was higher than that at 400 °C and 600 °C. The wear mechanism of the two materials was mainly abrasive wear. The tribofilms were formed on the worn surface of the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coatings, which had a good protective effect. Due to thermal softening and low binding strength of debris, it was difficult for H13 steel to form the tribofilms. The wear rate of H13 steel was much higher than that of the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coatings at 400 °C and 600 °C, indicating that the high temperature wear resistance of the coatings was much better than that of H13 steel.

The effects of temperature and pH on the embryonic development of two species of Triturus (Caudata: Salamandridae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vignoli ◽  
Marco Bologna ◽  
Manuela D'Amen
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractAmphibian populations are especially sensitive to aquatic parameters, in particular during embryonic and larval life. Our aim was to test for an effect of temperature (T = 13°C, 20°C and 25°C at constant pH = 7) and pH (pH = 5.5, 7 and 8.5 at constant T= 20°C) on embryos of two species of Triturus, T. carnifex carnifex and T. italicus (Amphibia, Salamandridae) using GLM procedure. Trend of embryogenesis processes, time to hatching and rate of development have a similar effect in both species in the used range of temperature and pH. Time to hatching decreased significantly with the increasing temperature. The pH experimental conditions had no effect on T. carnifex embryos survival, while the acidic pH condition raised the mortality rate in T. italicus, whose embryos should be more vulnerable than those of T. carnifex to acidification in nature.

Temperature effects on strength and deformation behaviour of rocks in Southern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond S. C. Wai ◽  
K. Y. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Granitic Gneiss ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

A laboratory program to study the effects of temperature up to 350 °C on the strength and deformation properties of rocks was carried out. Particular attention was paid to the experimental procedure to avoid premature thermal cracking of the specimens. It was shown that the thermal–mechanical behaviour varies with the rock type. For granitic gneiss, the deformation modulus increases slightly with temperature up to 120 °C, then decreases at a rate of about 25% per 100 °C. Poisson's ratio generally decreases with increasing temperature up to 250 °C. The uniaxial compressive strength of granitic gneiss decreases with increasing temperature at a rate of the order of 30 MPa per 100 °C. The deformation properties of the granitic gneiss are also dependent on the temperature history of the specimen.In contrast, both the deformation and strength behaviour of the limestone appear to be insensitive to temperature change.

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