Diel activity patterns in nymphs of an Australian mayfly Atalophlebioides sp. (Ephemeroptera : Leptophlebiidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
PCE Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Competition For Space ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Laboratory Stream

Activity of nymphs of Atalophlebioides sp. on the surface of a stone in a laboratory stream was greatest at night, with peak activity occurring at about 2400 h. Most nymphs remained on the lower surface of the stone during the day, but there was gradual movement on to the upper surface at night. Although nymphs showed anocturnal maximum in both drift rates (field observation) and activity. peaks of activity did not correspond with peaks in drift rates. Nymphs at high density (15 per stone) showed a significantly greater level of activity during light hours (1200-1800 h) and the first two hours of darkness compared with nymphs at lower densities (five and two per stone) but there was no significant difference in activity between the two lower densities for the period 1200- 2400 h. Feeding behaviour was observed at all three densities, but activities in the form of rapid darting (duration < 1 s) and a 'swimming' response occurred at the higher density. It is postulated that a relationship exists between the swimming response (as a result of competition for space) and the insect's propensity to drift.

The population ecology of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya. I. Feeding behaviour and activity patterns

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Population Ecology ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Lambwe Valley

AbstractInvestigations into feeding behaviour and activity patterns, basically by biconical trap sampling, were carried out as part of a study of the population ecology and dynamics of Glossina pallidipes Austen in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya. Host-preference determinations from blood-meal analyses showed that over 80% of feeds constantly derived from bushbuck, buffalo and bushpig, in roughly equal proportions. Activity cycles in relation to feeding and pregnancy, investigated by mark-release-recapture and physiological methods, indicated four-day feeding intervals for males and three-day ones for females. The periodicity was more variable in males, and in females was contingent upon reproductive events, with feeding mainly taking place just before the in-utero moult of the second-instar larva to the third instar, just after larviposition and again at a more variable time during pregnancy. Comparisons of nutritional status from size, weight, and fat and haematin levels showed that flies from thicket had consistently greater fat reserves than flies from Acacia woodland and conifer plantation. No seasonal differences were found, nor any relationships between other variables. Based on hourly sample data, both sexes showed unimodal diel activity patterns, but with clear differences. Activity was most closely correlated with temperature, to a lesser extent with saturation deficit and least with light intensity, and better correlations were obtained with females than males. Diel activity patterns in both sexes were also age-related, and from the close similarity found between male and virgin female activity patterns it was inferred that male activity around traps was partly sexually oriented. Using electric screens in conjunction with biconical traps, comparisons between flies attracted to traps and those actually caught showed that traps were relatively more efficient in catching males than females, but captures were representative of the active population in terms of age and pregnancy.

scholarly journals Diel Activity Patterns of Two Distinct Populations of Aedes Aegypti in Miami, FL and Brownsville, TX

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Paul Mutebi ◽  
André Barretto Bruno Wilke ◽  
Erik Ostrum ◽  
Chalmers Vasquez ◽  
Gabriel Cardenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Diel Activity Pattern ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Bg Sentinel ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract The diel biting activity of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L) populations was extensively investigated in the early 1900s to gain more information on the biology of Ae. aegypti, and this information was used to devise effective approaches to controlling populations of this species and protect the human population from widespread arbovirus outbreaks. However, few contemporary studies are available regarding the diel activity patterns of Ae. aegypti. To assess the diel activity patterns of Ae. aegypti in southern Florida and Texas, we conducted 96-hour uninterrupted mosquito collections once each month from May through November 2019 in Miami, Florida, and Brownsville, Texas, using BG-Sentinel 2 Traps. The overall diel activity pattern in both cities was bimodal with morning and evening peak activity between 7:00 and 8:00 and between 19:00 and 20:00. There were significant daily, monthly, seasonal, and site-specific differences in activity patterns, but these differences did not affect the overall peak activity times. These differences suggest daily, monthly, seasonal, and site-specific variations in human exposure to Ae. aegypti. Our observations can be used in planning and executing Ae. aegypti vector control activities in southern Florida and Texas, especially those targeting the adult mosquito populations.

Activity patterns of wild Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the northern piedmont of the Altun Mountains, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Xue ◽  
Diqiang Li ◽  
Wenfa Xiao ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yuguang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Camelus Bactrianus ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Bactrian Camels

There are significant gaps in our knowledge of wild camel ecology; especially the activity patterns that allow them to adapt to desert environments. The wild Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a critically endangered species that survives in the extreme desert conditions of Central Asia. We conducted camera trapping surveys at seven watering sites in the northern piedmont of the Altun Mountains from 2010 to 2012. We analyzed the frequency of photo-captures to elucidate the wild camels’ diel activity patterns, and the seasonal variation in their activity at watering sites. We found that these wild camels were predominantly diurnal at watering sites, with an increase in relative activity from sunrise, reaching a peak toward midday, and then gradually decreasing in activity until sunset. The camels visited watering sites more often in winter than in summer. These results provide a guide for water development in the conservation of ungulates in arid areas.

scholarly journals Effects of human settlement and roads on diel activity patterns of elephants (Loxodonta africana )

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 872-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Gaynor ◽  
Paola S. Branco ◽  
Ryan A. Long ◽  
Dominique D. Gonçalves ◽  
Petter K. Granli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns

Seasonal and daily activity patterns in a Canadian population of the prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridus viridis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. J. Gannon ◽  
D. M. Secoy
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

The seasonal and daily activity patterns of a Saskatchewan population of Crotalus viridus viridis is presented. Snakes emerged from hibernation in late April and migrated into the surrounding river valley and upland regions in early May. Adult migration preceded that of immature age-classes. Several gravid females occupied a rookery near the hibernaculum during the summer months and remained there until parturition. Females did not occupy this site in successive years and may have a biennial or greater reproductive cycle. Snakes returned to the hibernaculum in early September and remained active until early October. The behaviour of snakes in a field enclosure in response to time of day and body temperature (Tb) was recorded during the spring, summer, and fall. Significant differences in the Tb values of sunning, movement, and shading behaviours were noted. Gravid females were significantly more active in all seasons. However, no significant difference in mean Tb was found between males and females in the field, enclosure study, or laboratory thermal gradient. The observed greater level of activity may reflect the high energy demands of gravid females.

scholarly journals Activity patterns of the small and medium felid (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) guild in northeastern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13432-13447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shomita Mukherjee ◽  
Priya Singh ◽  
André Pinto Silva ◽  
Chandan Ri ◽  
Kashmira Kakati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Clouded Leopard ◽  
Northeastern India ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns ◽  
Leopard Cat

Fifteen extant species of cats inhabit India, and the northeastern region of the country is among the richest with nine species.  Among these are the “standard four”, an assemblage of Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa, Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii, Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata, and Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis, which also occur across southeastern Asia.  Within India, despite several surveys in this region, very little information exists on the ecology of this assemblage to explain their co-occurrence.  In this paper, we put together data from several independent camera trapping studies over 10 sites across northeastern India to examine and interpret diel activity patterns of this group.  While we present results for all the four species, we focus on two species, the Marbled Cat and Leopard Cat, which are of very similar body size and are potential competitors.  We used kernel density estimates to measure diel activity patterns of all four species and overlap in activity between Marbled Cat and Leopard Cat at the regional scale as well as the point scale.  We obtained 783 captures of the standard four from >27,500 trap nights.  The Asiatic Golden Cat and Marbled Cat were strongly diurnal, Clouded Leopard largely crepuscular and nocturnal, and Leopard Cat largely nocturnal.  The degree of overlap between Marbled Cat and Leopard Cat activity was low and in consensus with other studies across southeastern Asia.  We interpret this as the differing niche spaces of the two cats due to their specific pre-existing adaptations, not restricted to the effects of competition.  The point scale analysis when both cats are captured at the same location and separately show no shift in activity pattern, supporting our hypothesis of pre-existing differences in resources, such as food, playing a major role in facilitating co-existence.  Our study, however, is preliminary and additional information with robust analysis is required to test this finding.

scholarly journals Non-uniform evolutionary response of gecko eye size to changes in diel activity patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 20180064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Schmitz ◽  
Timothy E. Higham
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Regime Shifts ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Relevant Variable ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns

Geckos feature a large range of eye sizes, but what drives this phenotypic diversity is currently unknown. Earlier studies point towards diel activity patterns (DAPs) and locomotory mode, but phylogenetic comparative studies in support of the proposed adaptive mode of eye evolution are lacking. Here, we test the hypothesis of DAPs as the driver of eye size evolution with a dataset on 99 species of gecko. Results from phylogenetic generalized least-square analysis (PGLS) and multivariate model-fitting reveal smaller eyes in diurnal geckos consistent with different phenotypic optima. However, Bayesian analyses of selective regime shifts demonstrate that only two of nine transitions from nocturnal to diurnal activity are coupled with decreases in eye size, and two other regime shifts are not associated with DAP transitions. This non-uniform evolutionary response suggests that eye size is not the only functionally relevant variable. Evolutionary adaptations may therefore include different combinations of several traits (e.g. photoreceptors), all with the same functional outcome. Our results further demonstrate that DAP only partially explains eye size diversity in geckos. As open habitats favour the evolution of large eyes while obstructed habitats favour small eyes, the degree of habitat clutter emerges as another potential axis of eye diversification.

Seasonal Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Ungulates in Forested Area in Central Japan

Mammal Study ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Satuski Nakamori ◽  
Masaki Ando ◽  
Takumi Shirakawa ◽  
Takuya Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Forested Area ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns
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