Comparison of four methods of back-calculating growth using otoliths of a European barbel, Barbus sclateri (GÜnther) (Pisces : Cyprinidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Escot ◽  
Carlos Granado-Lorencio

The allometric relationship between fish length and otolith radius was determined for a European barbel, Barbus sclateri, from two natural populations. The relationship was significantly different between populations, but did not differ between females and males. The ages of the fish were determined from the otoliths, and this was used to evaluate four back-calculation procedures: Monastyrsky’s method of direct proportion; two by intercept-corrected direct proportion (Fraser-Lee’s method and the biological intercept method); and the simple regression method. The biological intercept method provided the most reliable estimates of fish lengths at previous ages when otoliths were used. Lengths back-calculated from earlier annuli of older fish were quite different from observed lengths for each age and from lengths back-calculated from recent annuli. Resumen. A dos poblaciones naturales de barbo europeo, Barbus sclateri, se les determinó la relación alométrica entre la longitud del pez y el radio del otolito. Esta relación fue significativamente diferente entre las dos localidades geográficas, e igual entre hembras y machos. Se utilizó los otolitos para determinar la edad de los peces y para evaluar cuatro procedimientos de retrocálculo: el método de Monastyrsky de proporción directa; dos de proporción directa en los que se corrige la intersección, el método de Fraser-Lee y el de intersección biológica; y el método de regresión simple. El método de intersección biológica ofrece las estimas más reales de la longitud del pez en las edades anteriores a la captura. Por otro lado, las longitudes retrocalculadas a partir de los annuli formados en primer lugar de los ejemplares más viejos, fueron diferentes a las longitudes observadas en cada edad y a las longitudes retrocalculadas a partir de los annuli formados más recientemente.

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Oteri, Vivian O ◽  
Ugbomeh, Adaobi P ◽  
Moslen, Miebaka ◽  
Ugbomeh, Leonard I

Catfish are important fishery resources in the Niger Delta therefore they require studies on its growth patterns and morphometrics. This study examined the relationship between the length and width of catfish otoliths and their fish length. Catfish samples were harvested from New Calabar and Ase Rivers, Niger Delta, Nigeria, by fishers using cast net and purse seines. The fishes were identified, measured, otoliths removed and measured using standard methods. Simple linear regressions expressed the relationship between otolith dimensions and fish length. A total of 80 individuals made up of 7 species from 5 families (Ariidae, Claroteidae, Claridae, Schilbeidae and Mochokidae) were selected for this study. Correlation analysis between the morphometric parameters of the otoliths from the catfish species in the study area revealed a strong positive correlation between the total length of the fish and the length of the otoliths, with R2 values ranging from 0.86 to 0.98. There was also a strong positive correlation between total fish length and otolith width. The relationship between otolith length and width with the fish length in this study showed curvilinearity, indicating the usefulness of the otolith proportions in back calculation of the length of the fish in biological and paleontological studies.


1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0998-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páll T Önundarson ◽  
H Magnús Haraldsson ◽  
Lena Bergmann ◽  
Charles W Francis ◽  
Victor J Marder

SummaryThe relationship between lytic state variables and ex vivo clot lysability was investigated in blood drawn from patients during streptokinase administration for acute myocardial infarction. A lytic state was already evident after 5 min of treatment and after 20 min the plasminogen concentration had decreased to 24%, antiplasmin to 7% and fibrinogen 0.2 g/1. Lysis of radiolabeled retracted clots in the patient plasmas decreased from 37 ± 8% after 5 min to 21 ± 8% at 10 min and was significantly lower (8 ± 9%, p <0.005) in samples drawn at 20, 40 and 80 min. Clot lysability correlated positively with the plasminogen concentration (r = 0.78, p = 0.003), but not with plasmin activity. Suspension of radiolabeled clots in normal plasma pre-exposed to 250 U/ml two-chain urokinase for varying time to induce an in vitro lytic state was also associated with decreasing clot lysability in direct proportion with the duration of prior plasma exposure to urokinase. The decreased lysability correlated with the time-dependent reduction in plasminogen concentration (r = 0.88, p <0.0005). Thus, clot lysability decreases in conjunction with the development of the lytic state and the associated plasminogen depletion. The lytic state may therefore limit reperfusion during thrombolytic treatment.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rageshawari Munderia ◽  
Rajbala Singh

Social skills play an instrumental role in individuals’ life. It helps individuals to communicate and maintain social relationships. Presently, the smartphone has completely changed the mode of social communication, and social skills may play a crucial role in this regard. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the association between social skills and perceived smartphone usage (both positive and negative usage). The perceived negative usage of the smartphone has been assessed in terms of smartphone addiction. Sample of the present study comprised of (n=509) adult participants. Pearson’s product moment correlation (r) and multiple regression method was employed to assess the relationship between the proposed variables. Findings of the study demonstrated that social skills are significantly related with both perceived positive usage of smartphone and smartphone addiction. Social expressivity and emotional control emerged as significant predictors for both positive usage of smartphone and smartphone addiction. The findings of the study may have important implications for bringing awareness among the individuals regarding the role of social skills for effective usage of smartphone as well as for future researches in this direction. Keywords: social skill, perceived positive smartphone usage, smartphone addiction, emotion expressivity, emotional control


Parasitology ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Leeson

1. Experiments upon Xenopsylla cheopis Roths. are described which were carried out to discover if feeding influenced duration of life or had any effect upon the survival of the sexes or upon the relationship between duration of life and saturation deficiency of the atmosphere.2. Fleas fed once before starvation lived longer than unfed fleas. There was no difference between survival of the sexes and no direct proportion between survival times and saturation deficiency.3. Fleas kept with the host for 7 days before starvation lived still longer. Females lived considerably longer than males, but there was still no direct proportion between survival times and saturation deficiency.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomos Potter ◽  
Anja Felmy

AbstractIn wild populations, large individuals have disproportionately higher reproductive output than smaller individuals. We suggest an ecological explanation for this observation: asymmetry within populations in rates of resource assimilation, where greater assimilation causes both increased reproduction and body size. We assessed how the relationship between size and reproduction differs between wild and lab-reared Trinidadian guppies. We show that (i) reproduction increased disproportionately with body size in the wild but not in the lab, where effects of resource competition were eliminated; (ii) in the wild, the scaling exponent was greatest during the wet season, when resource competition is strongest; and (iii) detection of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction is inevitable if individual differences in assimilation are ignored. We propose that variation among individuals in assimilation – caused by size-dependent resource competition, niche expansion, and chance – can explain patterns of hyperallometric scaling of reproduction in natural populations.


2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
A.H. Clarke

The extensive remains of large sauropods, excavated in the Upper Jurassic layers of the Tendaguru region of Tanzania, East Africa by Janensch [15], include an intact fossil cast of a vestibular labyrinth and an endocast of the large Brachiosaurus brancai. The approximately 150 million year old labyrinth cast demonstrates clearly a form and organisation congruent in detail to those of extant vertebrate species. Besides the near-orthogonal arrangement of semicircular canals (SCCs), the superior and inferior branches of the vestibulo-acoustic nerve, the endolymphatic duct, the oval and round windows, and the cochlea can be identified. The orientation of the labyrinth in the temporal bone is also equivalent to that of many extant vertebrates. Furthermore, the existence of the twelve cranial nerves can be identified from the endocast. The present study was initiated after the photogrammetric measurement of the skeleton volume of B. brancai [13] yielded a realistic estimate of body mass (74.42 metric tons). Dimensional analysis shows that body mass and average SCC dimensions of B. brancai generally fit with the allometric relationship found in previous studies of extant species. However, the anterior SCC is significantly larger than the allometric relationship would predict. This would indicate greater sensitivity, supporting the idea that the behavioural repertoire must have included much slower pitch movements of the head. These slower movements would most likely have involved flexion of the neck, rather than head pitching about the atlas joint. Pursuing the relationship between body mass and SCC dimensions further, the SCC frequency response is estimated by scaling up from the SCC dimensions of the rhesus monkey; this yields a range between 0.008–26 Hz, approximately one octave lower than for humans.


2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yina Jazbleidi Puentes Paramo ◽  
Arnulfo Goméz Carabalí ◽  
Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores

Las relaciones entre nutrientes afectan la nutrición de las plantas, favoreciendo el crecimiento y el rendimiento. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de las relaciones entre nutrientes a nivel foliar, sobre el rendimiento de cuatro clones de cacao fino (Theobroma cacao L.), dos clones autoincompatibles, TSH-565–ICS-39, y dos autocompatibles, CCN-51–ICS-95. Se aplicaron diferentes dosis de fertilización para determinar cuál de estas relaciones afecta más el rendimiento, para ello se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con cinco tratamientos (TC (control), T1, T2, T3, y T4) consistentes en incrementos sucesivos de NPK, respectivamente de 25%, 50%, 75% y 100% sobre el tratamiento control (TC) y cuatro repeticiones. Los resultados muestran diferencias en la concentración de nutrientes a nivel foliar por influencia del clon, tratamiento e interacción clon*tratamiento; por efecto del clon en P, Mg2+, B, Mn2+ y Zn2+; por efecto del tratamiento en todos los nutrientes y por efecto de la interacción clon*tratamiento en N, P, Mg2+, B, Fe2, Mn2+ y Zn2+; lo cual indica que los niveles de fertilización aplicados influyen en la disponibilidad y absorción de nutrientes. En general todos los clones presentan afinidad por Mg2+, S, P; en diferente orden de preferencia por N, K+, Ca2+ y en los elementos menores, por Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Na+, B y Cu2+. De las sesenta y seis relaciones entre nutrientes estudiadas a nivel foliar, se encontró que las relaciones que más se asocian con el rendimiento son: N/Mg, N/P, N/S, N/K; las primeras dos tienen efecto positivo y el resto efecto negativo sobre el rendimiento.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Apri Budianto ◽  
Irma Damayanti Bastaman ◽  
Aulia Fauziyah

This study is focused on the relationship between advertising promotion strategies and customer loyalty in the modern market. This study seeks to explain the advertising promotion strategy if successfully carried out by the modern market, with the hope of creating loyal customers. This research was conducted on modern market customers in Ciamis. Ciamis is one of the regions in Indonesia, which is the same as other regions there are several modern markets with a variety of character of its customers. The study is based on the statements of several experts, which explain the customer relationship with various retail business promotion strategies. The model used in this study as an analysis tool is simple regression to illustrate how the relationship between advertising promotion strategies and customer loyalty. The results obtained are that there is an influence of advertising promotion strategies on customer loyalty, with the magnitude of influence is 27.5%, while as many as 22.5% are influenced by other factors not examined in this study


2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (319) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nancy Ivonne Muller Durán

<p>En este documento analizo la relación que existe entre el crecimiento económico, el comercio exterior y la capacidad tributaria. Sostengo que los impuestos no necesariamente distorsionan la eficiencia y que dependen de la actividad económica. Para documentar la hipótesis realizo cuatro modelos panel cointegrados para un grupo de 55 países y su subsecuente división de acuerdo con tres niveles de ingreso para el periodo de 1990-2018. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el crecimiento económico es una condición <em>sine qua non</em> para determinar la capacidad recaudatoria pero no es suficiente en aquellos países con desigualdad económica. Por lo tanto, es necesario estimular el desarrollo económico y promover reformas fiscales progresivas.</p><p> </p><p align="center">THE COMPOSITION OF TAX EFFORT: EVIDENCE FOR A PANEL OF COUNTRIES.</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>This document analyzes the relationship between economic growth, foreign trade and tax capacity. It is argued that taxes do not distort efficiency and that they depend on economic activity. In order to empirically support our hypothesis, four cointegrated panel models are carried out for a group of 55 countries and their subsequent division according to three income levels for the period 1990-2018. The results obtained show that economic growth is a <em>sine qua non</em> condition for determining tax capacity, but it is not enough in countries plagued with economic inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate economic development and promote progressive fiscal reforms.</p>


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