Association between the ghost shrimp Trypaea australiensis Dana 1852 (Crustacea : Decapoda) and a small deposit-feeding bivalve Mysella vitrea Laserson 1956 (Mollusca : Leptonidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Kerr ◽  
Jamie Corfield
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Carbon Distribution ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Deposit Feeding

The deep-burrowing species Trypaea australiensis and Mysella vitrea inhabit intertidal sediments of the Richmond River, northern New South Wales. Laboratory experiments indicated that a facultative commensal association may exist between the two organisms, because although the bivalves survived independently, their vertical distribution in sediment was significantly different in the presence of T. australiensis. Field observations indicated that redox potential and bivalve abundance in sediment are weakly correlated. However, the absence of strongly reducing conditions in the first metre of the sediment, due to T. australiensis burrow irrigation, may increase potential niche size for M. vitrea. Tank observations revealed no aggregation of M vitrea around the burrows. Feeding observations suggested that M. vitrea can feed either by collecting particles off the sediment surface or by interstitial pedal feeding; the latter feeding mode would allow use of shrimp burrows for feeding. T. australiensis alters organic carbon distribution in the sediment profile, concentrations being significantly higher in the lowermost regions where T. australiensis was present than in controls. Thus, enrichment resulting from the activities of T. australiensis may provide some reward for the energetic cost to M. vitrea of burrowing deeply.

Evidence of High Sea Level during Isotope Stage 5c in Queensland, Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Pickett ◽  
C. H. Thompson ◽  
R. A. Kelley ◽  
D. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
New South ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
High Dune

Thirty-nine species of scleractinian corals have been recovered from under a high dune on the western (mainland) side of North Stradbroke Island, eastern Australia. The corals are associated with thin intertidal sediments and their good condition implies burial in situ and preservation in a saturated zone. Most likely this occurred as the coast prograded and a large dune advanced into the littoral zone, burying intertidal sediments and coral. The species assemblage indicates a sheltered environment but one open to the ocean without wide fluctuations in salinity. Three species yielded a mean 230Th/234U age of 105,000 yr B.P. which is significantly younger than the nearest Pleistocene corals at Evans Head, New South Wales. The corals provide evidence of a sea stand near present sea level during isotope Stage 5c, which is considerably higher than previously suggested for this period. Their good condition implies that the overlying parabolic dune is of comparable age and formed during that high stand of sea level. Also, the isotope age provides a maximum period for the development of giant podzols in the podzol chronosequences on coastal dunes in southern Queensland.

Parasitic copepods in the sea hare Dolabrifera brazieri (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Anaspidea)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn L. Clarke ◽  
Annette Klussmann-Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New South ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Parasitic Copepod ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Sea Hare ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Scanning Electron

The parasitic copepod, Alimeda orientalis, is recorded from the gill of the sea hare, Dolabrifera brazieri (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Anaspidea). Ten specimens of D. brazieri from a population on the coast of New South Wales, Australia were examined for the incidence of parasitism. Histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to determine the feeding mode of A. orientalis and its effect on the host. Alimeda orientalis is a tissue feeder on the gill tissue, and damage caused by feeding and attachment is minimal.

The build-up of available potassium under subterranean clover pastures on a podzolic soil

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Williams ◽  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pasture Plants ◽  
Pot Culture

A group of podzolic soils from the Crookwell district of New South Wales was examined for potassium status by field, pot culture, and laboratory experiments. Close relationships were found between the exchangeable potassium and the potassium content of the plant material and uptake of potassium both in the field and in pot culture. However, the measured decreases in exchangeable potassium in soil during plant growth were insufficient to account for the total uptake, indicating that other sources of soil potassium were also available. It is probable that the pasture plants themselves contribute to the conversion of non-exchangeable potassium to exchangeable forms. The results suggest that the range 0.25–0.30 m-equiv. exchangeable potassium per 100 g may be critical for these soils. Exchangeable potassium built up under the subterranean clover pastures plays an important part in eliminating a potential potassium deficiency. Removal of hay from these pastures would seriously deplete this available potassium reserve.

Scientific Fraud: The McBride Case — Judgment

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G F Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Scientific Fraud ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Many ◽  
Spurious Results

Dr W G McBride, who was a specialist obstetrician and gynaecologist and the first to publish on the teratogenicity of thalidomide, has been removed from the medical register after a four-year inquiry by the Medical Tribunal of New South Wales. Of the 44 medical practice allegations made against him by the Department of Health only one minor one was found proved but 24 of the medical research allegations were found proved. Of these latter, the most serious was that in 1982 he published in a scientific journal, spurious results relating to laboratory experiments on pregnant rabbits dosed with scopolamine. Had Dr McBride used any of the many opportunities available to him to make an honest disclosure of his misdemeanour, his conduct would have been excused by the Tribunal. However, he persisted in denying his fraudulent conduct for several years, including the four years of the Inquiry. The Tribunal unanimously found Dr McBride not of good character in the context of fitness to practise medicine. The decision to deregister was taken by a majority of 3 to 1. Since research science is not organized as a profession, there are no formal sanctions which can be taken against his still engaging in such research.

Solubility of basalt under atmospheric conditions of temperature and pressure

1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (270) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryl Nashar ◽  
Ralph Basden
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
Olivine Basalt ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Made In

SummarySimple laboratory experiments involving the contact of distilled water with crushed olivine-basalt over several months under atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions have shown that constituents are dissolved from the basalt and upon evaporation the solutions deposit crystals of carbonates, smectites, and zeolites. The results bear out the observations and conclusions previously made in the field that solutions depositing secondary minerals in Tertiary basalts in New South Wales are extraneous and cold. It is also suggested that as the assemblage calcite-montmorillonite-heulandite can form in the vesicles of basalts under such conditions it should not be included in the zeolite facies of metamorphism.

Comparative effects of the large bioturbators, Trypaea australiensis and Heloecius cordiformis, on intertidal sediments of Western Port, Victoria, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Katrak ◽  
Fiona L. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Benthic Microalgae ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Dependent Effect ◽  
Particle Mixing ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Tracer Particles

The effect of bioturbation by the ghost shrimp Trypaea australiensis and semaphore crab Heloecious cordiformis was compared in sediment-filled tanks in the laboratory. Effect of bioturbator density was also investigated with high- and low-density treatments. It was hypothesised that the two species would influence the sediment profile in different ways owing to their contrasting burrowing and feeding habits. Both species increased porosity of surface sediments relative to control tanks. Crab activity did not alter redox potential, but low densities of shrimp created more oxidising conditions and high densities of shrimp created more reducing conditions than controls. Burial of tracer particles by crabs was restricted to the top 5 cm, whereas shrimp mixed particles to depths of 25 cm. Bioturbator density had little effect on the extent of particle mixing. The presence of both shrimp and crabs increased benthic microalgae in the sediments relative to the controls. Again, crabs had the greatest effect at the sediment surface, whereas shrimp also enhanced concentrations at 25 cm depth. High densities of shrimp had the greatest effect. Overall, shrimp bioturbation influenced deeper sediments than crab bioturbation, but there was no clear density-dependent effect.

Habitat-associated variability in survival and growth of three species of microgastropods

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Olabarria ◽  
M.G. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Algal Turf ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Low Levels

Three species of microgastropods, Eatoniella atropurpurea, Eatonina rubrilabiata and Amphithalamus incidata, are common in various habitats at mid to low levels on intertidal shores in New South Wales, Australia. These habitats include patches of sediment, pebbles and algal turf. These species are very patchy, varying in abundance within and among habitats at scales of centimetres to many metres. This study describes laboratory experiments which tested hypotheses about differences in mortality and growth rates for each species in three different habitats: sediment, pebbles and coralline turf. There was greater mortality in coralline turf without sediment for E. rubrilabiata and A. incidata, whereas Eatoniella atropurpurea showed a greater mortality in sediment. Moreover, Eatonina rubrilabiata had a faster rate of growth in sediment, whereas Eatoniella atropurpurea grew more rapidly in coralline turf. The different rates of mortality and growth for these species in different habitats provide mechanisms which may partially explain the patterns of abundance in the field.

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