Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of Taeniomembers microstomus (Gunther, 1861) (Pisces: Mugiliformes: Atherinidae) from Australian salt lakes

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Lui
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Freezing Point Depression

Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation of a population of Taeniomembras microstomus were studied. Results indicated that this atherinid fish is extremely euryhaline. Probit analysis revealed that the upper and lower L.D.50 values for salinity were 108‰ and 3.3‰, respectively. Salinity tolerance was apparently independent of acclimation, Taeniomembras microstomus has remarkable hypo-osmoregulatory abilities. The freezing point depression of body fluid varied from 0.558� to 2.729� when fish were exposed to a salinity range of 5-120‰.

Depression of freezing temperature of water and water solutions in porous materials

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2644-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Schneider ◽  
Jiří Rathouský
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Water Solutions

In porous materials filled with water or water solutions of inorganic salts, water freezes at lower temperatures than under normal conditions; the reason is the decrease of water vapor tension above the convex meniscus of liquid in pores. The freezing point depression is not very significant in pores with radii from 0.05 μm to 10 μm (about 0.01-2.5 K). Only in smaller pores, especially when filled with inorganic salt solutions, this depression is important.

scholarly journals Freezing point depression and freeze-thaw damage by nanofluidic salt trapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingtao Zhou ◽  
Mohammad Mirzadeh ◽  
Roland J.-M. Pellenq ◽  
Martin Z. Bazant
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Freeze Thaw

Colloid osmotic pressure changes of dog's blood exposed to different mixtures of CO2 and air

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kakiuchi ◽  
A. B. DuBois ◽  
D. Gorenberg
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Hansen's membrane manometer method for measuring plasma colloid osmotic pressure was used to obtain the osmolality changes of dogs breathing different levels of CO2. Osmotic pressure was converted to osmolality by calibration of the manometer with saline and plasma, using freezing point depression osmometry. The addition of 10 vol% of CO2 to tonometered blood caused about a 2.0 mosmol/kg H2O increase of osmolality, or 1.2% increase of red blood cell volume. The swelling of the red blood cells was probably due to osmosis caused by Cl- exchanged for the HCO3- which was produced rapidly by carbonic anhydrase present in the red blood cells. The change in colloid osmotic pressure accompanying a change in co2 tension was measured on blood obtained from dogs breathing different CO2 mixtures. It was approximately 0.14 mosmol/kg H2O per Torr Pco2. The corresponding change in red cell volume could not be calculated from this because water can exchange between the plasma and tissues.

Osmoregulation in the Lobster Homarus americanus

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dall
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Antennal Glands

Lobsters took 72 hr to adapt to a salinity of 20‰, with urine becoming markedly hypoosmotic to the blood during the first 25 hr, then increasing in concentration over the next 48 hr, though remaining significantly hypoosmotic to the blood. Adaptation to a salinity of 37‰ took 24 hr: the urine became almost isosmotic with the blood: the gastric and rectal fluids became hyperosmotic to the blood. Blood freezing-point determinations showed that over the salinity range 20–37‰ the lobster is able to osmoregulate to a limited extent only towards the lower end of the range, being otherwise an "osmocon-former." Salt-loading experiments indicated that the excess salts were rapidly excreted into the gut. It is concluded that the antennal glands are at least partly responsible for elimination of excess water, but that the gut is the site of salt excretion, and that there is rapid adjustment of salt imbalance.

Study on Mechanical Automation with Design of Rapid Milk Detector Based on Freezing Point

2013 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Ren Cai Zhang ◽  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Xing Ju Liu ◽  
Jin Hai Zhai ◽  
Zhen Wu Ning
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Electronic Control System ◽  
Freezing Curve ◽  
Rack Mechanism

An efficient automated milk detector based on freezing point depression is designed. This detector shares characters of high efficiency and good stability with accuracy and automation. Its main parts include temperature sensor of IC (Integrated Circuit), pinion-rack mechanism and crank-rocker mechanism and electronic control system. Monitoring in-situ change of milk freezing curve and developing efficiency of sampling can be available by means of pinion-rack mechanism and IC temperature sensor mechatronics design. As a result, adulterating status of milk can be discriminated in a rapid and accurate and automated way. The detector may be employed to detect liquid foods other than milk as well.

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