Coral bleaching and elevated sea-water temperature in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn M. Davies ◽  
Richard P. Dunne ◽  
Barbara E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Water Depths

A coral bleaching event began in February 1996 on reefs in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Corals were affected on the shallow fringing reef and to water depths of greater than 20 m on the reef slope. Bleaching was extensive and in the survey area 54% of all corals were bleached. Branching corals (particularly Acropora and Pocillopora) were more severely affected than massive species. Bleaching occurred at the time of the annual maximum monthly sea temperature when long-term sea temperature data sets recorded an anomaly of + 1.29°C. Analysis of the anomalies over the previous 40 years shows a positive trend of 0.09°C per decade.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence Analysis of First Ross River Virus Isolate from Papua New Guinea Indicates Long-Term, Local Evolution

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Alice Michie ◽  
John S. Mackenzie ◽  
David W. Smith ◽  
Allison Imrie
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Mean Time

Ross River virus (RRV) is the most medically significant mosquito-borne virus of Australia, in terms of human morbidity. RRV cases, characterised by febrile illness and potentially persistent arthralgia, have been reported from all Australian states and territories. RRV was the cause of a large-scale epidemic of multiple Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) from 1979 to 1980, involving at least 50,000 cases. Historical evidence of RRV seropositivity beyond Australia, in populations of Papua New Guinea (PNG), Indonesia and the Solomon Islands, has been documented. We describe the genomic characterisation and timescale analysis of the first isolate of RRV to be sampled from PNG to date. Our analysis indicates that RRV has evolved locally within PNG, independent of Australian lineages, over an approximate 40 year period. The mean time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the unique PNG clade coincides with the initiation of the PICTs epidemic in mid-1979. This may indicate that an ancestral variant of the PNG clade was seeded into the region during the epidemic, a period of high RRV transmission. Further epidemiological and molecular-based surveillance is required in PNG to better understand the molecular epidemiology of RRV in the general Australasian region.

scholarly journals Life-Long Coral Skeletal Acclimatization at CO2 Vents in Papua New Guinea Reveals Species- and Environment-Specific Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorella Prada ◽  
Leonardo Brizi ◽  
Silvia Franzellitti ◽  
Stefano Mengoli ◽  
Simona Fermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Related Strain ◽  
Acropora Millepora ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Seep Site

Abstract The responses of corals and other marine calcifying organisms to ocean acidification (OA) are variable and span from no effect to severe responses. Here we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to OA on skeletal parameters of four tropical zooxanthellate corals living at two CO2 vents in Papua New Guinea, namely in Dobu and Upa Upasina. The skeletal porosity of Galaxea fascicularis, Acropora millepora, and Pocillopora damicornis was higher (from 17% to 38%, depending on the species) at the seep site compared to the control only at Upa Upasina. Massive Porites showed no differences at any of the locations. Pocillopora damicornis also showed a ~ 7% decrease of micro-density and an increase of the volume fraction of the larger pores, a decrease of the intraskeletal organic matrix content with an increase of the intraskeletal water content, and no variation in the organic matrix related strain and crystallite size. The fact that the skeletal parameters varied only at one of the two seep sites suggests that other local environmental conditions interact with OA to modify the coral skeletal parameters. This might also contribute to explain the great deal of responses to OA reported for corals and other marine calcifying organisms.

scholarly journals TV talk in PNG: A search for policy in a weak state

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Robert J. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
State Building ◽  
Weak State ◽  
The Sacrifice

The reasons for the nation-state's weakness are many, but the course of TV talk over the last 10 years in Papua New Guinea reveals one reason in particular: the sacrifice of long-term-state-building to the immediate demands of electoral strategy.

On the road in Highlands Papua New Guinea: intimacy and ethnographic method

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Drawing on Schutz’s treatment of the We-relationship and of meaning contexts, and on Michael Jackson’s exploration of the ambiguities of the intersubjective, this article examines the methodological implications of the empathic orientation developed in the context of intimacy for a discipline based on participant observation. I argue that moments of ‘breakdown’, a classic way in which ethnographic questions are revealed, are predicated on the intentional dynamics of intersubjective relationships. I draw on a particular experience of ‘breakdown’ on an overnight truck trip in Highlands Papua New Guinea juxtaposed with expectations of intimacy developed over long-term fieldwork spanning 12 years.

Comparative performance of cattle and buffalo on the Sepik Plains, Papua New Guinea

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Schottler ◽  
A Boromana ◽  
WT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Native Pastures

Fifty female Brahman-cross cattle and 50 water buffalo were run on the infertile native pastures of the Sepik lowland plains, Papua New Guinea; half the buffalo, and all the cattle, received mineral supplementation (phosphate, Ca, Cu and Co). After the beginning of the experiment all animals were able to maintain, but not improve, their weights. The liveweights attained were everywhere less than those attained on more fertile pastures elsewhere in Papua New Guinea, the discrepancy being greater for cattle than for buffalo. Supplementation improved both the mean liveweight of buffalo and the growth rate of the calves. Calf mortality was 18 per cent in both species. Despite the longer gestation period, the buffalo produced nearly 50 per cent more calves than the cattle; buffalo more often than not conceived while still lactating, whereas cattle did so only rarely. There was some evidence of a long-term improvement in fertility as a result of supplementation. It is concluded that under these difficult conditions buffalo are a better proposition than cattle.

How Political Commitments Influence Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Political Commitments

This chapter is based on long-term research with people affected by the Ok Tedi mine in Papua New Guinea, including involvement in a lawsuit seeking to halt its destructive environmental impact. It considers examples of ethnographic refusal, when anthropologists do not write about events that might harm their informants. It also examines relationships between engaged anthropologists and colleagues, lawyers and law, corporations, nongovernmental organizations, and communities. This chapter and the next address these questions in the context of long-term research projects, while the other examples in the book consider these issues in relation to short-term, problem-focused research, which have their own challenges and opportunities.

Long-term subsistence adaptation to the diversified Papua New Guinea environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryutaro Ohtsuka ◽  
Tsukasa Inaoka ◽  
Masahiro Umezaki ◽  
Nanako Nakada ◽  
Taku Abe
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea

scholarly journals Infectivity of Symptomatic Malaria Patients to Anopheles farauti Colony Mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Timinao ◽  
Rebecca Vinit ◽  
Michelle Katusele ◽  
Tamarah Koleala ◽  
Elma Nate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Anopheles Farauti ◽  
Symptomatic Malaria ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transmission Studies

Plasmodium transmission from humans to mosquitoes is an understudied bottleneck in the transmission of malaria. Direct membrane feeding assays (DMFA) allow detailed malaria transmission studies from humans to mosquitoes. Especially for Plasmodium vivax, which cannot be cultured long-term under laboratory conditions, implementation of DMFAs requires proximity to P. vivax endemic areas. In this study, we investigated the infectivity of symptomatic Plasmodium infections to Anopheles farauti colony mosquitoes in Papua New Guinea (PNG). A total of 182 DMFAs were performed with venous blood collected from rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positive symptomatic malaria patients and subsequently analysed by light microscopy and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). DMFAs resulted in mosquito infections in 20.9% (38/182) of cases. By light microscopy and qPCR, 10 – 11% of P. falciparum and 32 – 44% of P. vivax positive individuals infected An. farauti. Fifty-eight percent of P. vivax and 15% of P. falciparum gametocytaemic infections infected An farauti.

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