Corrigendum to: Identifying physiological and environmental influences on otolith chemistry in a coastal fishery species

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Jasmin C. Martino ◽  
Zoë A. Doubleday ◽  
Anthony J. Fowler ◽  
Bronwyn M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Fishery Species

Otolith (ear stone) chemistry provides powerful insights into the lives of fish. Although frequently used to reconstruct past environments, the influence of physiology remains unsettled. As such, we investigated the relationships between otolith chemistry, physiological factors and environmental factors in an iconic fishery species, snapper (Chrysophrys auratus). Lifetime otolith profiles were analysed of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes, and elemental concentrations of lithium (Li:Ca), magnesium (Mg:Ca), manganese (Mn:Ca), strontium (Sr:Ca), and barium (Ba:Ca). Mixed-effects modelling alongside a detailed literature review was used to investigate physiological (age, otolith growth rate, fish size, sex) and environmental influences (sea-surface temperature and chlorophyll-a) on otolith chemistry. Carbon isotopes and magnesium related to physiological factors, suggesting their potential as physiological proxies. Physiology also weakly related to strontium and lithium. By contrast, oxygen isotopes, barium, and manganese (except for natal signatures) were suggested to provide insights into past environments. Our study stresses the importance of consistency in biological characteristics for study designs, and highlights the potential of physiological proxies for distinguishing between populations in uniform water bodies. This study has not only reinforced our confidence in field applications of otolith chemistry, but has furthered our understanding of the influence of physiology.

Identifying physiological and environmental influences on otolith chemistry in a coastal fishery species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin C. Martino ◽  
Zoë A. Doubleday ◽  
Anthony J. Fowler ◽  
Bronwyn M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Fishery Species

Consistency of patterns between laboratory experiments and field collected fish in otolith chemistry: an example and applications for salinity reconstructions

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Elsdon ◽  
B. M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Black Bream ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
The Relationship

Elemental concentrations within fish otoliths can track movements and migrations of fish through gradients of environmental variables. Tracking the movements of fish relies on establishing links between environmental variables and otolith chemistry, with links commonly made using laboratory experiments that rear juvenile fish. However, laboratory experiments done on juvenile fish may not accurately reflect changes in wild fish, particularly adults. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) the relationship between ambient (water) and otolith chemistry is similar between laboratory-reared black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) and wild black bream; and (2) ontogeny does not influence otolith chemistry. Field-collected and laboratory-reared fish showed similar effects of ambient strontium : calcium (Sr : Ca) on otolith Sr : Ca concentrations. However, ambient and otolith barium : calcium concentrations (Ba : Ca) differed slightly between laboratory-reared and field-collected fish. Importantly, fish reared in stable environmental variables showed no influence of ontogeny on Sr : Ca or Ba : Ca concentrations. Natural distributions of ambient Sr : Ca showed no clear relationship to salinity, yet, ambient Ba : Ca was inversely related to salinity. The distribution of ambient Sr : Ca and Ba : Ca in estuaries inhabited by black bream, suggest that these elements can answer different questions regarding environmental histories of fish. Reconstructing salinity histories of black bream using otolith Ba : Ca concentrations seems plausible, if adequate knowledge of Ba : Ca gradients within estuaries is obtained.

scholarly journals The Value of Twins for Health and Medical Research: A Third of a Century of Progress

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Craig ◽  
Lucas Calais-Ferreira ◽  
Mark P. Umstad ◽  
Dedra Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Twin Research ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Genetic Contributions

AbstractIn 1984, Hrubec and Robinette published what was arguably the first review of the role of twins in medical research. The authors acknowledged a growing distinction between two categories of twin studies: those aimed at assessing genetic contributions to disease and those aimed at assessing environmental contributions while controlling for genetic variation. They concluded with a brief section on recently founded twin registries that had begun to provide unprecedented access to twins for medical research. Here we offer an overview of the twin research that, in our estimation, best represents the field has progress since 1984. We start by summarizing what we know about twinning. We then focus on the value of twin study designs to differentiate between genetic and environmental influences on health and on emerging applications of twins in multiple areas of medical research. We finish by describing how twin registries and networks are accelerating twin research worldwide.

Elemental distribution within polymorphic inconnu (Stenodus leucichthys) otoliths is affected by crystal structure

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1898-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Brown ◽  
Kenneth P Severin
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Elemental Abundance ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The chemistry and crystal structure of sagittal otoliths from inconnu (Stenodus leucichthys) were examined optically, with an electron microprobe, a scanning electron microscope, and with X-ray diffraction techniques. The distributions of strontium (Sr), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) were determined with line scans and area maps of thin, transverse otolith sections. Regions depleted in Sr, Na, and K were found to be discordant with optical annuli and were optically distinct from other regions of the otoliths. These patterns of trace element depletion cannot be explained by models of otolith growth that are based on ionic composition of endolymph fluids as the sole control of otolith composition. Electron micrographs showed the depleted regions of the otoliths to be of a different crystal structure than other regions of the otoliths. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the presence of vaterite in otoliths with depleted regions, while otoliths without depleted regions showed no evidence of vaterite. The depleted areas may be composed of vaterite, and the crystal structure of vaterite may prevent certain trace elements from incorporating in the otolith. Scientists using fish otolith chemistry to infer environmental conditions or life history should be aware that elemental abundance within otoliths may be affected by other processes as well.

Trash or treasure? Use of sagittal otoliths partially composed of vaterite for hatchery stock discrimination in steelhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Richard R. Budnik ◽  
John R. Farver ◽  
Joel E. Gagnon ◽  
Jeffrey G. Miner
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Stock Discrimination ◽  
Quadratic Discriminant Function ◽  
Hatchery Stock ◽  
Similar Classification ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Sagittal otoliths are normally deposited as the CaCO3 polymorph aragonite; however, a proportion of otoliths transitions to vaterite during growth. This transition can complicate otolith chemistry analyses, as differences in the crystalline structure (aragonite or vaterite) of otoliths causes variation in otolith chemistry signatures. To address this issue, we introduce a method to utilize sagittal otoliths partially composed of vaterite for stock discrimination. Using this method, we determined the hatchery origins of yearlings from five Lake Erie hatcheries by using Ba, Mg, Mn, and Sr concentrations in vaterite sections of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) otoliths. We then compared the classification accuracy of our vaterite method with a method in which otoliths composed entirely of aragonite were used. Overall, quadratic discriminant function analyses revealed similar classification success when elemental concentrations from vaterite (95% accuracy) and aragonite (94% accuracy) otolith regions were used. The methods introduced here could likely be used for other fish species that have otoliths that transition to vaterite as long as an adequate number of juvenile fish are available to develop vaterite otolith chemistry signatures.

Otolith science entering the 21st century

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Fish Ecology ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Otolith Microstructure ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Physiologically Based ◽  
Subject Areas

A review of 862 otolith-oriented papers published since the time of the 1998 Otolith Symposium in Bergen, Norway suggests that there has been a change in research emphasis compared to earlier years. Although close to 40% of the papers could be classifed as ‘annual age and growth’ studies, the remaining papers were roughly equally divided between studies of otolith microstructure, otolith chemistry and non-ageing applications. A more detailed breakdown of subject areas identified 15 diverse areas of specialisation, including age determination, larval fish ecology, population dynamics, species identification, tracer applications and environmental reconstructions. For each of the 15 subject areas, examples of representative studies published in the last 6 years were presented, with emphasis on the major developments and highlights. Among the challenges for the future awaiting resolution, the development of novel methods for validating the ages of deepsea fishes, the development of a physiologically-based otolith growth model, and the identification of the limits (if any) of ageing very old fish are among the most pressing.

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