Connectivity, migration and recruitment in a catadromous fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bice ◽  
Brenton P. Zampatti ◽  
John R. Morrongiello
Keyword(s):  
Fish Passage ◽  
Freshwater Flow ◽  
Species Management ◽  
River Hydrology ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Flow Closure ◽  
Navigation Lock ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
June July ◽  
Management And Conservation

Understanding the influence of river hydrology and connectivity on the migration and recruitment of diadromous fishes is fundamental for species management and conservation. We investigated the downstream catadromous spawning migration of adult female congolli (Pseudaphritis urvillii) using acoustic telemetry, and subsequent juvenile recruitment, in the lower reaches of the River Murray, Australia, in 2009–2011. The years 2009 and 2010 were characterised by diminished freshwater flow, closure of tidal barrages, and disconnection of freshwater and estuarine habitats; however, a navigation lock was operated to facilitate downstream fish passage in 2010. In both years, >70% of individuals tagged upstream undertook downstream migrations, in association with day-of-the-year (June–July) and moonphase (full), and accumulated upstream of the tidal barrages. In 2009, fish were unable to pass the barrages and remained upstream, but in 2010, an estimated >15000 individuals passed through the navigation lock, including 40% of individuals tagged upstream. These transitioned rapidly (<24h) through the estuary and into the ocean. In association, abundances of upstream migrant juveniles in spring–summer 2010–2011 were up to 180 times greater than in spring–summer 2009–2010. Our study illustrates the potential impact of tidal barriers on migrations and population dynamics of catadromous fish, and the importance of understanding species-specific migration ecology.

scholarly journals Geophysical characterization of the habitat of Patagioenas fasciata (Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alberto Méndez Solano ◽  
Marlon Salazar Chacón
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Geophysical Characterization

In Costa Rica, Patagioenas fasciata is distributed in forested areas of the highlands, from 900 m above sea level to the top of the ridges. We identified the main habitats of this species with thematic maps in GIS and did a geophysical analysis. The species is found in the highlands of Rincon de la Vieja, SanIgnacio de Acosta and San Vito de Coto Brus. Our information about possible migration routes, altitudes, weather elements and geomorphology of the sites where it moves and lives is relevant to the species’ management and conservation.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Food Safety Compliance Costs and Foodborne Illness Outbreaks in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Ribera ◽  
Marco A. Palma ◽  
Mechel Paggi ◽  
Ronald Knutson ◽  
Joseph G. Masabni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
The United States ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Safety Compliance ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
June July ◽  
Food Safety Standards

This study investigates the potential impact of food safety outbreaks on domestic shipments, imports, and prices of the produce industry. Moreover, the compliance costs associated with new food safety standards were also estimated. Three case studies were analyzed to assess these potential impacts: the muskmelon (Cucumis melo) outbreak of Mar.–Apr. 2008, the spinach (Spinacea oleracea) outbreak of Sept. 2006, and the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) outbreak of June–July 2008. The results demonstrate that the costs incurred by producers because of food safety outbreaks in produce are far greater than preventing such incidents.

scholarly journals Heterospecific aggression differs predominately by species, rather than sex, in Lake Malawi cichlid fish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Moore ◽  
Reade B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Male Aggression ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Heterospecific Aggression

ABSTRACTBecause of their striking diversity, Lake Malawi cichlid fish have been well studied for male aggression, particularly among dominant males of closely related sister species within the framework of mate-choice and speciation. However, aggression in females has been largely ignored, and variation in aggressive behaviors between more distantly-related taxa is not well understood despite its potential impact in a complex community structure. To better understand variation in patterns of aggression between species, we presented males and females from five species of Lake Malawi cichlid with a non-predator intruder and recorded all movement and aggressive acts. Additionally, we measured excreted cortisol levels the day after the intruder assay to evaluate one physiological aspect of stress response. We identified species-specific patterns in both specific aggressive acts, and overall level of aggression. Additionally, we found that sexual dimorphism in aggressive acts varies by species and act, where the species with the most aggressive males also has aggressive females. Additionally, cortisol levels vary by taxa, and are associated with restless behavior in the intruder assay, but not levels of aggression. These findings have bearing on understanding sex differences in aggression and their impact on community structure in this important model of rapid evolution.

scholarly journals Detection of four imperiled western North American freshwater mussel species from environmental DNA with multiplex qPCR assays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torrey W. Rodgers ◽  
Joseph C. Dysthe ◽  
Cynthia Tait ◽  
Thomas W. Franklin ◽  
Michael K. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Mussel Species ◽  
Multiplex Assays ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Management And Conservation

AbstractWe developed multiplexed, species-specific, quantitative PCR assays for the detection of four freshwater mussel species native to western North America, Gonidea angulata, Margaritifera falcata, Anodonta nuttalliana and Anodonta oregonensis, from environmental DNA (eDNA). These species have experienced dramatic declines over the last century and are currently threatened in many portions of their ranges. Therefore, improved tools for detecting and monitoring these species are needed. Species-specificity and sensitivity of assays were empirically tested in the lab, and multiplex assays were also validated with field collected eDNA samples. All assays were species-specific, sensitive, and effective for detection from eDNA samples collected from streams and rivers. These assays will aid in the detection, monitoring, management, and conservation of these vulnerable species.

scholarly journals ­Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges:Dysidea avara(Dictyoceratida) andPhorbas tenacior(Poecilosclerida)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia de Caralt ◽  
Janina González ◽  
Xavier Turon ◽  
María J. Uriz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Dysidea Avara ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
June July ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges,Dysidea avaraandPhorbas tenacior,belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions.D. avarahas a shorter reproductive period thanP. tenacior, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period ofP. tenaciorlasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July inD. avara, and in August-October inP. tenacior. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher inD. avarathan inP. tenacior. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy inD. avarathan inP. tenacior.A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges.

scholarly journals Syntopic Cystoseira taxa support different molluscan assemblages in the Gulf of Naples (southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Chiarore ◽  
Iacopo Bertocci ◽  
Sara Fioretti ◽  
Angela Meccariello ◽  
Giuseppe Saccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Gulf Of Naples ◽  
Invertebrate Biodiversity ◽  
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
June July ◽  
Shed Light

Brown macroalgae belonging to the genus Cystoseira (Fucales: Sargassaceae) are canopy-forming organisms the recent decline of which at a basin and local scale has been widely documented, which urgently calls for research to fill knowledge gaps and support new and effective measures for protection. We, hereby, characterised the molluscan assemblages associated with three Cystoseira taxa (C. amentacea, C. compressa and C. crinita) from Ischia Island (Italy, Tyrrhenian Sea), and tested whether different congeneric taxa may syntopically support a different biota. In particular, these assemblages were compared among three Cystoseira species, between two times of sampling (June–July 2015 and June–July 2016), and among six sites in terms of multivariate structure (identity and relative abundances of constituting taxa combined, and presence–absence composition), as well as for synthetic measures of diversity, including the total richness of taxa, the exponential Shannon index and the reciprocal Simpson index. In total, 24736 molluscan individuals were collected, overall belonging to 52 taxa. The majority of the identified species included micrograzers and filter feeders, which is in agreement with similar previous studies. The composition of associated molluscan assemblages, which was mainly represented by juvenile individuals, differed among the three Cystoseira species, suggesting that even congeneric taxa do not support an analogous benthic fauna. The present findings have shed light on the molluscan biota associated with Cystoseira taxa in the Gulf of Naples and strengthened the importance of such habitat-forming macroalgae in structuring the local infralittoral invertebrate biodiversity and as a nursery for species-specific associated molluscs.

Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
Brook Lamprey ◽  
River Lamprey ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Management And Conservation

<em>Abstract</em>.—Lampreys are among the least studied group of fishes in California. At least seven species inhabit freshwater habitats within the state, including the Kern brook lamprey <em>Lampetra hubbsi</em>, a California endemic. Four species are micropredators on fish, Pacific lamprey <em>Entosphenus tridentatus</em> (formerly <em>L. tridentata</em>), river lamprey <em>L. ayresii</em>, Klamath lamprey <em>E. similis</em> (formerly <em>L. similis</em>) and Goose Lake lamprey <em>Entosphenus</em> sp. The remaining three species are nonfeeding as adults and are presumed to have many populations isolated from one another. Pacific lamprey and river lamprey are anadromous and may have increased diversity through multiple runs. A systematic analysis of the limited information available indicates that, with the possible exception of the Pit-Klamath brook lamprey <em>E. lethophagus</em> (formerly <em>L. lethophaga</em>), all species are either declining, in low numbers, or in isolated populations. Causes of the declines are multiple and species-specific, but in general, alteration of watersheds by humans, resulting in increased siltation, temperatures and pollution, as well as other habitat changes are the principal causes. Protecting lampreys has the benefit of protecting stream ecosystems throughout the state because of the wide historic presence of lampreys and because ammocoetes require clean, cool water and relatively complex habitat, including stable backwaters.

scholarly journals The potential impact of native Australian trypanosome infections on the health of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. McINNES ◽  
A. GILLETT ◽  
J. HANGER ◽  
S. A. REID ◽  
U. M. RYAN
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Bone Marrow Disease ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Concurrent Disease ◽  
Body Condition Scores

SUMMARYWhole blood collected from koalas admitted to the Australian Zoo Wildlife Hospital (AZWH), Beerwah, QLd, Australia, during late 2006–2009 was tested using trypanosome species-specific 18S rDNA PCRs designed to amplify DNA fromTrypanosoma irwini, T. gillettiandT. copemani. Clinical records for each koala sampled were reviewed and age, sex, blood packed cell volume (PCV), body condition, signs of illness, blood loss, trauma, chlamydiosis, bone marrow disease, koala AIDS and hospital admission outcome (‘survival’ / ‘non-survival’) were correlated with PCR results. Overall 73·8% (439/595) of the koalas were infected with at least 1 species of trypanosome.Trypanosoma irwiniwas detected in 423/595 (71·1%),T. gillettiin 128/595 (21·5%) andT. copemaniin 26/595 (4·4%) of koalas. Mixed infections were detected in 125/595 (21%) with co-infections ofT. irwiniandT. gilletti(101/595, 17%) being most common. There was a statistical association between infection withT. gillettiwith lower PCV values and body condition scores in koalas with signs of chlamydiosis, bone marrow disease or koala AIDS. No association betweenT. gillettiinfection and any indicator of health was observed in koalas without signs of concurrent disease. This raises the possibility thatT. gillettimay be potentiating other disease syndromes affecting koalas.

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