The effect of agriculture on cave-stream invertebrate communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierce M. McNie ◽  
Russell G. Death
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Stream Communities ◽  
The Relationship

The impacts that land-use changes have on cave-stream fauna have not been considered widely in the investigations of land-use impacts on stream ecology. The present study examines how above-ground agriculture may influence cave-stream invertebrate communities. The invertebrate communities in four cave streams and their surface counterparts were sampled in 2014–2015, including two drained predominantly agricultural catchments and two drained forested catchments. These communities were examined alongside habitat and GIS land-use data to determine the relationship between above-ground land use and the stream communities. Invertebrate community composition and ecological health for surface streams was different between the agricultural and forest catchments. These differences were less pronounced within the cave-stream communities. Sedimentation was the principal agricultural stressor in the cave streams. The overall effects of agriculture were lower within the cave streams than on the surface; this is likely to be due to the reduced number of potentially deleterious stressors on cave streams.

Application of WetSpa model for assessing land use impacts on floods in the Margecany–Hornad watershed, Slovakia

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bahremand ◽  
F. De Smedt ◽  
J. Corluy ◽  
Y.B. Liu ◽  
J. Poórová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Wetspa Model ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

The spatially distributed hydrologic model WetSpa combines elevation, soil and land use data within GIS, to predict flood hydrographs and spatial distribution of hydrologic characteristics in a watershed. The model is applied to the Margecany–Hornad river basin (1,131 km2) in Slovakia. Daily hydrometeorological data from 1991–2000, including precipitation data from nine stations, temperature data from four stations and evaporation data measured at one station are used as input to the model. Three base maps, i.e. DEM, land use and soil type are prepared in GIS form, using 100 × 100 m cell size. Results of the simulations show good agreement between calculated and measured hydrographs. The model predicts the daily/hourly hydrographs with 75–80% accuracy according to the Nash–Sutcliff criteria. For assessing the impact of land use changes on floods, the calibrated model is applied for a reforestation scenario, which considers a 50% increase of forest areas. The model results show that the reforestation scenario decreases the peak discharge by 12%. Investigation of peak discharges from the whole simulation period, shows that the scenario results are reduced by 18% on average, while for small discharges the reduction is even about 34%. The time to peak of the simulated hydrograph of the reforestation scenario is 20 hours longer than for the present land use.

scholarly journals Drivers of tropical soil invertebrate community composition and richness across tropical secondary forests using DNA metasystematics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. McGee ◽  
Teresita M. Porter ◽  
Michael Wright ◽  
Mehrdad Hajibabaei
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Invertebrate Communities

Abstract Tropical forests are fundamental ecosystems, essential for providing terrestrial primary productivity, global nutrient cycling, and biodiversity. Despite their importance, tropical forests are currently threatened by deforestation and associated activities. Moreover, tropical regions are now mostly represented by secondary forest regrowth, with half of the remaining tropical forests as secondary forest. Soil invertebrates are an important component to the functioning and biodiversity of these soil ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how these past land-use activities and subsequent secondary forest developments have altered the soil invertebrate communities and any potential ecological consequences associated with this. DNA metabarcoding offers an effective approach to rapidly monitor soil invertebrate communities under different land-use practices and within secondary forests. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding to detect community-based patterns of soil invertebrate composition across a primary forest, a 23-year-old secondary forest, and a 33-year-old secondary forest and the associated soil environmental drivers of the soil invertebrate community structure in the Maquenque National Wildlife Refuge of Costa Rica (MNWR). We also used a species contribution analysis (SIMPER) to determine which soil invertebrate groups may be an indication of these soils reaching a pre-disturbed state such as a primary forest. We found that the soil invertebrate community composition at class, order, family, and ESV level were mostly significantly different across that habitats. We also found that the primary forest had a greater richness of soil invertebrates compared to the 23-year-old and 33-year-old secondary forest. Moreover, a redundancy analysis indicated that soil moisture influenced soil invertebrate community structure and explained up to 22% of the total variation observed in the community composition across the habitats; whereas soil invertebrate richness was structured by soil microbial biomass carbon (C) (Cmic) and explained up to 52% of the invertebrate richness across the primary and secondary forests. Lastly, the SIMPER analysis revealed that Naididae, Entomobryidae, and Elateridae could be important indicators of soil and forest recuperation in the MNWR. This study adds to the increasing evidence that soil invertebrates are intimately linked with the soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and that even after 33 years of natural regrowth of a forest, these land use activities can still have persisting effects on the overall composition and richness of the soil invertebrate communities.

scholarly journals Global Transition Rules for Translating Land-use Change (LUH2) To Land-cover Change for CMIP6 using GLM2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ma ◽  
George C. Hurtt ◽  
Louise P. Chini ◽  
Ritvik Sahajpal ◽  
Julia Pongratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Transition Rule ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. Information on historical land-cover change is important for understanding human impacts on the environment. Over the last decade, global models have characterized historical land-use changes, but few have been able to relate these changes with corresponding changes in land-cover. Utilizing the latest global land-use change data, we make several assumptions about the relationship between land-use and land-cover change, and evaluate each scenario with remote sensing data to identify optimal fit. The resulting transition rule can guide the incorporation of land-cover information within earth system models.

scholarly journals Evaluating The Relationship Between Spatial Temporal Land Use Changes And Climate Pattern Of Nilgiris District

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
M.Suguna Devakumari ◽  
◽  
S. Carolin Jeeva ◽  
R.Susan Poonguzhali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Due to deforestation, urbanization and land use changes, the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu has been impacted by climate variation. This study was carried out to explore the impact of the land use changes in Nilgiris District from 2011 to 2017using remote sensing images acquired from Landsat 7. Temperature and rainfall data of the study area were also obtained from IMD Pune. The results show that the current trend of decreasing forest area and increasing agricultural land, and the area also experienced a temperature increase of 0.4 ◦C between 2011 and 2017. This study is crucial for land planners and environmentalists to understand the impacts of land use change on the climate in Nilgiris District.

Land use structures fish assemblages in reservoirs of the Tennessee River

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
L. E. Miranda ◽  
J. M. Bies ◽  
D. A. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
Forested Catchments ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Tennessee River ◽  
Terrestrial Inputs

Inputs of nutrients, sediments and detritus from catchments can promote selected components of reservoir fish assemblages, while hindering others. However, investigations linking these catchment subsidies to fish assemblages have generally focussed on one or a handful of species. Considering this paucity of community-level awareness, we sought to explore the association between land use and fish assemblage composition in reservoirs. To this end, we compared fish assemblages in reservoirs of two sub-basins of the Tennessee River representing differing intensities of agricultural development, and hypothesised that fish assemblage structure indicated by species percentage composition would differ among reservoirs in the two sub-basins. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we documented inter-basin differences in land use, reservoir productivity and fish assemblages, but no differences in reservoir morphometry or water regime. Basins were separated along a gradient of forested and non-forested catchment land cover, which was directly related to total nitrogen, total phosphorous and chlorophyll-a concentrations. Considering the extensive body of knowledge linking land use to aquatic systems, it is reasonable to postulate a hierarchical model in which productivity has direct links to terrestrial inputs, and fish assemblages have direct links to both land use and productivity. We observed a shift from an invertivore-based fish assemblage in forested catchments to a detritivore-based fish assemblage in agricultural catchments that may be a widespread pattern among reservoirs and other aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Relationships between land use and nitrogen and phosphorus in New Zealand lakes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Abell ◽  
Deniz Özkundakci ◽  
David P. Hamilton ◽  
Steven D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Lake Catchment ◽  
The Relationship

Developing policies to address lake eutrophication requires an understanding of the relative contribution of different nutrient sources and of how lake and catchment characteristics interact to mediate the source–receptor pathway. We analysed total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) data for 101 New Zealand lakes and related these to land use and edaphic sources of phosphorus (P). We then analysed a sub-sample of lakes in agricultural catchments to investigate how lake and catchment variables influence the relationship between land use and in-lake nutrients. Following correction for the effect of co-variation amongst predictor variables, high producing grassland (intensive pasture) was the best predictor of TN and TP, accounting for 38.6% and 41.0% of variation, respectively. Exotic forestry and urban area accounted for a further 18.8% and 3.6% of variation in TP and TN, respectively. Soil P (representing naturally-occurring edaphic P) was negatively correlated with TP, owing to the confounding effect of pastoral land use. Lake and catchment morphology (zmax and lake : catchment area) and catchment connectivity (lake order) mediated the relationship between intensive pasture and in-lake nutrients. Mitigating eutrophication in New Zealand lakes requires action to reduce nutrient export from intensive pasture and quantifying P export from plantation forestry requires further consideration.

scholarly journals Land use effects and stream metabolic rates: a review of ecosystem response

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Francisco da Silva-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
Catchment Scale

Abstract Aim To conduct a review of the literature in order to identify the general stream metabolic responses to land use change. Methods I conducted a scientometric review analyzing the distribution of the studies among different environments, the land use scale used, and the general trends in stream metabolism response under each kind of land-use impact. Major Results Most of the analyzed studies were conducted in temperate environments, studying land-use impacts at catchment scale. Ecosystem metabolism responded to land use impacts most of the cases, especially under agricultural pressure. The general responses to land-use alterations were increases in rates of Gross Primary Production (GPP) and ecosystem Respiration (R). Primary production increases were mostly related to light and nutrient concentration increases, while R was usually related to water nutrient concentration, temperature and amount of particulate organic matter, but this general behavior can change under high impact levels where sometimes GPP decreases in response to turbidity increases. Riparian vegetation restoration have a positive effect in driving stream metabolic conditions in the direction of pristine condition, but the effectiveness of this approach is reduced in highly impacted systems. Conclusions To elucidate the mechanistic relations between stream metabolic changes and land use impacts is still one fundamental aspect to study in order to best predict effects of land use changes and establish management and protection programs. Thus, studies should focus on the causative relations between stream processes and land use changes considering different scales and multiple stress scenarios in order to improve our understanding about factors that drive the observed metabolic changes.

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