Nursery areas and connectivity of the adults anadromous catfish (Genidens barbus) revealed by otolith-core microchemistry in the south-western Atlantic Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Avigliano ◽  
Barbara Carvalho ◽  
Gonzalo Velasco ◽  
Pamela Tripodi ◽  
Marcelo Vianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
Homing Behaviour ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Quadratic Discriminant Function ◽  
Otolith Core ◽  
High Level

The anadromous catfish, Genidens barbus, is a commercial and vulnerable species from South America. The aims of the present study were to assess whether the nursery areas can be discriminated by using microchemical signatures of lapillus otoliths, to assess the accuracy of classifying fish in relation to natal nursery area and to discuss the possibility of existence of homing behaviour. Thus, the otolith-core chemical signatures (barium (Ba):calcium (Ca), lithium (Li):Ca, magnesium (Mg):Ca, manganese (Mn):Ca, strontium (Sr):Ca, and zinc (Zn):Ca ratios) of adult fish were compared among different estuaries (De La Plata River in Argentina, and Patos Lagoon, Paranaguá Bay and Guanabara Bay in Brazil). PERMANOVA analysis showed significant differences in the multi-element signatures of the otolith core among sampling sites for all cohorts (2002, 2003, 2006 and 2007), indicating that the technique has considerable potential for use in future assessments of population connectivity and nursery areas of G. barbus. Via quadratic discriminant function analysis, fish were classified to natal nursery areas with 80–100% cross-validation classification accuracies. These results suggested that a high level of spatial segregation exists in adult catfish life and homing behaviour could not be ruled out on the basis of our data.

Inter-annual variability in otolith chemistry of catfish Genidens barbus from South-western Atlantic estuaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Avigliano ◽  
Barbara Carvalho ◽  
Gonzalo Velasco ◽  
Pamela Tripodi ◽  
Alejandra Vanina Volpedo
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Spatial Classification ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Otolith Core

The catfish Genidens barbus is a commercial species from South America. The aim of the present study was to examine the inter-annual variability in estuary-specific chemical signatures of otolith cores (Ba:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca and Zn:Ca ratios) for three estuaries from Argentina and Brazil where adults were collected over multiple years. Secondarily, we evaluated whether the percentages of classification of individuals to their natal origin place are affected by the grouping of several cohorts. Most element:Ca ratios were not significantly different among year cohorts. Results from PERMANOVA revealed significant differences in the multi-element signatures of the otolith core between cohorts for the Plata River estuary (PR) (P = 0.006) and the Patos Lagoon (PL) (P = 0.03), while no significant differences (P = 0.9) were found for Paranaguá Bay (PB). The percentages of spatial classification (discriminant function analyses) decreased to between 15.5 and 25% for PR and PL when cohorts were grouped. This work makes it clear that the temporal variation in the chemical signature of the adult catfish otolith core can greatly affect the percentages of spatial classification.

scholarly journals Do vertebral chemical signatures distinguish juvenile blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) nursery regions in the northern Gulf of Mexico?

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin P. Lewis ◽  
William F. Patterson ◽  
John K. Carlson ◽  
Katherine McLachlin
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Carcharhinus Limbatus ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Vertebral Centra ◽  
Chemical Signatures

Identifying and protecting shark nurseries is a common management strategy used to help rebuild overfished stocks, yet we know little about connectivity between juvenile and adult populations. By analysing trace metals incorporated into vertebral cartilage, it may be possible to infer natal origin based on nursery-specific chemical signatures. To assess the efficacy of this approach, we collected juvenile blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus; n = 93) from four regions in the Gulf of Mexico in 2012 and 2013 and analysed their vertebral centra with laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. We observed significant regional differences in six element:Ca ratios in both 2012 and 2013. Multi-element chemical signatures were significantly different among regions and between year-classes. Year-class-specific linear discriminant function analysis yielded regional classification accuracies of 81% for 2012 and 85% for 2013, although samples were not obtained from all four regions in 2012. Combining year-classes resulted in an overall classification accuracy of 84%, thus demonstrating the usefulness of this approach. These results are encouraging yet highlight a need for more research to better evaluate the efficacy of vertebral chemistry to study elasmobranch population connectivity.

scholarly journals Revealing the constituents of Egypt’s oldest beer using infrared and mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
Moamen M. Elmassry ◽  
Masahiro Baba ◽  
Renée Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Beer Brewing ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the Ancient Egyptians used malted wheat and barley as the main ingredients in beer brewing, but the chemical determination of the exact recipe is still lacking. To investigate the constituents of ancient beer, we conducted a detailed IR and GC-MS based metabolite analyses targeting volatile and non-volatile metabolites on the residues recovered from the interior of vats in what is currently the world’s oldest (c. 3600 BCE) installation for large-scale beer production located at the major pre-pharaonic political center at Hierakonpolis, Egypt. In addition to distinguishing the chemical signatures of various flavoring agents, such as dates, a significant result of our analysis is the finding, for the first time, of phosphoric acid in high level probably used as a preservative much like in modern beverages. This suggests that the early brewers had acquired the knowledge needed to efficiently produce and preserve large quantities of beer. This study provides the most detailed chemical profile of an ancient beer using modern spectrometric techniques and providing evidence for the likely starting materials used in beer brewing.

Effect of Li, Fe, and B Addition on the Crystallization Behavior of Sodium Aluminosilicate Glasses as Analogues for Hanford High Level Waste Glasses

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcial ◽  
Mostafa Ahmadzadeh ◽  
John S. McCloy
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Chemical Ordering ◽  
Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glasses ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTCrystallization of aluminosilicates during the conversion of Hanford high-level waste (HLW) to glass is a function of the composition of the glass-forming melt. In high-sodium, high-aluminum waste streams, the crystallization of nepheline (NaAlSiO4) removes chemically durable glass-formers from the melt, leaving behind a residual melt that is enriched in less durable components, such as sodium and boron. We seek to further understand the effect of lithium, boron, and iron addition on the crystallization of model silicate glasses as analogues for the complex waste glass. Boron and iron behave as glass intermediates which allow for crystallization when present in low additions but frustrate crystallization in high additions. In this work, we seek to compare the average structures of quenched and heat treated glasses through Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray pair distribution function analysis. The endmembers of this study are feldspathoid-like (LiAlSiO4, NaAlSiO4, NaBSiO4, and NaFeSiO4), pyroxene-like (LiAlSi2O6, NaAlSi2O6, NaBSi2O6, and NaFeSi2O6), and feldspar-like (LiAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, NaBSi3O8, and NaFeSi3O8). Such a comparison will provide further insight on the complex relationship between the average chemical ordering and topology of glass on crystallization.

scholarly journals Strontium isotope analyses (87Sr/86Sr) of otoliths from anadromous Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) to determine stock composition

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 2110-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Padilla ◽  
Randy J. Brown ◽  
Matthew J. Wooller
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
River Population ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Quadratic Discriminant Function ◽  
Probability Threshold ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
Bering Cisco ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Abstract A commercial fishery targeting the anadromous Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) is occurring in the Yukon River, Alaska, USA. All three of the known global spawning populations occur in Alaska. Managers believed that two of the three populations were being harvested in the fishery. To determine the likelihood of a mixed-stock fishery, we used 87Sr/86Sr values from the freshwater region of otoliths, from spawning adult Bering cisco of known origin (n = 82), to create a baseline. A 10-fold cross-validated, quadratic discriminant function analysis (DFA) of the three baseline population 87Sr/86Sr values (Yukon River, n = 27; South Fork Kuskokwim River [Kuskokwim River], n = 25; and Susitna River, n = 30) correctly reclassified 98.8% of the fish analysed. The baseline DFA model was then used to classify the 87Sr/86Sr values from a set of otoliths removed from commercially harvested Bering cisco (n = 139). Using a posterior probability threshold of 90%, we found that >97% of the commercial samples were classified as originating in the Yukon River. The remainder of the commercial samples were classified as originating in the Kuskokwim River (0.7%) or from the Susitna River (1.5%). The presence of 87Sr/86Sr values consistent with the Susitna River discovered in the Yukon River baseline (n = 1) and commercial samples (n = 2) suggested either multiple isotope signatures within the Yukon River population or straying among populations. Strontium isotope data provide an effective tool to monitor the movements and stock composition of Bering cisco.

scholarly journals Transforming nanobodies into high precision tools for protein function analysis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gettemans ◽  
Brian De Dobbelaer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Antigen Receptors ◽  
High Level Expression ◽  
Car T ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Single Domain Antibodies ◽  
High Level

Single domain antibodies, derived from camelid heavy antibodies (nanobodies®) or shark variable new antigen receptors, have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their extremely versatile nature and opportunities they offer for downstream modification. Discovered more than three decades ago, these 120 amino acid (~15kDa) antibody fragments are known to bind their target with high specificity and affinity . Key features of nanobodies that make them very attractive include their single domain nature, small size, affordable high level expression in prokaroytes, and their cDNAs are routinely obtained in the process of their isolation. This facilitates and stimulates new experimental approaches. Hence, it allows researchers to formulate new answers to complex biomedical questions. Through elementary PCR-based technologies and chemical modification strategies, their primary structure can be altered almost at leisure whilst retaining their specificity and biological activity, transforming them into highly tailored tools that meet the increasing demands of current day biomedical research. In this review, various aspects of camelid Nanobodies are expounded, including intracellular delivery in recombinant format for manipulation of i.e. cytoplasmic targets, their derivatization to improve nanobody orientation as a capturing device, approaches to reversibly bind their target, their potential as protein silencing devices in cells, the development of strategies to transfer nanobodies through the blood brain barrier and their application in CAR-T experimentation. We also discuss some of their disadvantages and conclude with future prospects.

A numerical analysis of karyotypes in the genus Pseudotsuga

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
Anna M. Colangeli ◽  
Oscar Sziklai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Good Discrimination ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
High Level

Numerical data were collected from the karyotypes of seven species in the Pseudotsuga genus. These included two North American species, P. macrocarpa and P. menziesii, the latter with two varieties (P. menzeisii var. menziesii and P. menziesii var. glauca) and five Asiatic species, P. japonica from Japan, P. wilsoniana from Taiwan, and P. forrestii, P. sinensis, and P. gaussenii from China. A stepwise discriminant function analysis was employed to test the validity of using karyotype data for characterizing the cytogenetical and the geographical differences of each species. Good discrimination was shown among P. macrocarpa and the Asiatic species. The discrimination among the Asiatic species was further improved when the well-separated P. macrocarpa was omitted. A high level of discrimination was observed between the two P. menziesii varieties. This statistical technique was particularly helpful in selecting variables that best separated the taxa. To our knowledge, these results provide the first reported karyotype numerical analysis for the Pseudotsuga genus as well as the first reported karyotype analysis for P. gaussenii.

Population structure, gene flow, and historical demography of a small coastal shark (Carcharhinus isodon) in US waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2322-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Portnoy ◽  
Christopher M. Hollenbeck ◽  
Dana M. Bethea ◽  
Bryan S. Frazier ◽  
Jim Gelsleichter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Mtdna Haplotypes ◽  
Approximate Bayesian

AbstractPatterns of population structure, genetic demographics, and gene flow in the small coastal shark Carcharhinus isodon (finetooth shark) sampled from two discrete nurseries along the southeastern US coast (Atlantic) and three nurseries in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf), were assessed using 16 nuclear-encoded microsatellites and 1077 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Significant heterogeneity in microsatellite allele distributions was detected among all localities except between the two in the Atlantic. Significant heterogeneity in mtDNA haplotypes was not detected, a result likely due to extremely low mtDNA diversity. The genetic discontinuities combined with seasonal movement patterns, a patchy distribution of appropriate nursery habitat, the apparent absence of sex-biased gene flow, and the occurrence of mating in the vicinity of nursery areas, suggest that both male and female finetooth sharks display regional philopatry to discrete nursery areas. Global and local tests of neutrality, using mtDNA haplotypes, and demographic model testing, using Approximate Bayesian Computation of microsatellite alleles, supported a range-wide expansion of finetooth sharks into US waters occurring less than ∼9000 years ago. These findings add to the growing number of studies in a variety of coastally distributed marine fishes documenting significant barriers to gene flow around peninsular Florida and in the eastern Gulf. The findings also provide further evidence that the traditional model of behavioural ecology, based on large coastal sharks, may not be appropriate for understanding and conserving small coastal sharks.

scholarly journals Insights from a Survey of Texas Gulf Coast Residents on the Social Factors Contributing to Willingness to Consume and Purchase Lionfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9621
Author(s):  
Raven D. Blakeway ◽  
Ashley D. Ross ◽  
Glenn A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
High Level ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms

Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) are the first marine teleost to become established in the Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. Lionfish have been labeled a global conservation issue and pose major threats to local economies. To test whether commercial harvest of lionfish is a socially accepted management approach in Texas, we measured the components of an environmental behavior intention model with survey responses of Texas Gulf Coast residents (n = 420). Regression analyses of survey responses indicate that individuals were significantly more willing to consume lionfish if they had a high level of concern for the environmental problems posed by the invasive species and were more knowledgeable about the fish. Participation in an educational program that addresses lionfish was also found to be associated with greater willingness to consume lionfish among those who are moderately to highly concerned about the issue. The originality of this study is related to its contribution in identifying social factors that contribute to an individual’s willingness to consume lionfish. Insights from this study demonstrate the attitudinal and behavioral mechanisms that can be addressed to increase acceptance of using consumption as a sustainable management strategy to combat marine fish invasions.

scholarly journals Contemporary and historical patterns of connectivity among populations of an inland river fish species inferred from genetics and otolith chemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1098-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Woods ◽  
Jed I. Macdonald ◽  
David A. Crook ◽  
Daniel J. Schmidt ◽  
Jane M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Population Expansion ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Genetic Assignment ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Otolith Core

Patterns of dispersal in riverine populations of Australian smelt ( Retropinna semoni ) were examined using otolith chemistry (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca) and genetic markers (allozymes, mtDNA, microsatellite DNA). During a period of prolonged low flows, young-of-year smelt were collected from 13 streams within three catchments of the southern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. Spatial differences in otolith core and edge chemical signatures and high levels of genetic assignment to sampling locations were observed, suggesting that most recruits were retained in natal areas after spawning. Following a subsequent period of hydrological connection, the same cohort was sampled as 1-year-olds. Maximum likelihood estimation using otolith core chemistry data from these fish suggested that retention in natal areas was highly variable between years and a similar, though less pronounced, pattern was evident in genetic assignments. Partitioning of genetic variation among catchments was not significant (FCT < 0.004) and probably reflects disequilibrium between migration and genetic drift due to an historical population expansion (~270 000 years ago). Taken together, otolith chemistry and genetic analyses suggest that contemporary dispersal of smelt within these catchments is relatively restricted and may be mediated by changes in hydrological connectivity.

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