Surviving under pressure and protection: a review of the biology, ecology and population status of the highly vulnerable grouper Epinephelus daemelii

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm P. Francis ◽  
David Harasti ◽  
Hamish A. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Rock Pools ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Reef Habitat ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Complex Habitat ◽  
Term Data

Epinephelus daemelii is a threatened serranid grouper species that is restricted to the south-western Pacific Ocean, ranging from eastern Australia to northern New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. Declines in its abundance due to fishing pressure were reported as early as 1916. Aspects of this species’ biology and behaviour that make it vulnerable include its longevity, late age at maturity, protogynous hermaphroditism, territoriality and limited shallow reef habitat. Adults prefer complex habitat with caves and overhangs at depths of less than 50m, whereas juveniles live in rock pools, shallow intertidal reefs and estuaries. Epinephelus daemelii lives at least 65 years and reaches 170-cm total length. Individuals change sex from female to male at ~100–110cm and ~25 years. Absence of large (>100cm) fish across a large part of their range has implications for reproduction. Although nearly fully protected, incidental bycatch still occurs. A lack of long-term data hinders determination of population status, but abundance appears to be much lower than before, except in remote regions (Kermadec Islands, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs) with extensive no-fishing areas. Further prohibitions on fishing in key locations are likely to be important for the recovery and long-term survival of this species.

Determination of a predictive cutoff value of NT-proBNP testing for long-term survival in ED patients with acute heart failure

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1634-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalcin Velibey ◽  
Yalcin Golcuk ◽  
Burcu Golcuk ◽  
Deniz Oray ◽  
Ozge Duman Atilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Long Term Survival

The Shift towards Smart, Green and Integrated Raw Materials Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Eva Oravcová ◽  
Miroslav Zelko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
Requirements Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Term Data

Comprehensive environmental observation, eco-innovation and smartization are essential to ensure the delivery of the long-term data and information required to address the shift towards smart, green and integrated raw materials efficiency. For this reason we need the mine-wide digitalization and informatization base model, an advanced mine-wide decision support system and a smart supervision system to supervise and control the production, back to predefined short-term production targets with most likelihood and optimal approaches. There are three main steps to be taken: analysis, evaluation and determination of the shift requirements, development of the models as well as modeling of the scenarios and connection to the smart platform for the support of the decision makers. The paper aims to consider what would be required for a raw materials area to operate as a modern smart technology-supported business. It attempts to provide a vision of some future smart architectures scenarios.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pathologic Complete Response as a Surrogate for Long-Term Survival Outcomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1096-1104
Author(s):  
Min Huang ◽  
Joyce O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Amin Haiderali ◽  
Javier Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triple Negative ◽  
Pathologic Complete Response ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) is a common efficacy endpoint in neoadjuvant therapy trials for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Previous studies have shown that pCR is strongly associated with improved long-term survival outcomes, including event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). However, the trial-level associations between treatment effect on pCR and long-term survival outcomes are not well established. This study sought to evaluate these associations by incorporating more recent clinical trials in TNBC. Methods: A literature review identified published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of neoadjuvant therapy for TNBC that reported results for both pCR and EFS/OS. Meta-regression models were performed to evaluate the association of treatment effect on pCR and EFS/OS. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of divergent study designs. Results: Ten comparisons from 8 RCTs (N=2,478 patients) were identified from the literature review. The log (odds ratio) of pCR was a significant predictor of the log (hazard ratio) of EFS (P=.003), with a coefficient of determination of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.41–0.95). There was a weaker association between pCR and OS (P=.18), with a coefficient of determination of 0.24 (95% CI, 0.01–0.77). Consistent results were found in the exploratory analysis and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: This is the first study that has shown a trial-level association between pCR and survival outcomes in TNBC. By incorporating the most up-to-date RCTs, this study showed a significant trial-level association between pCR and EFS. A positive association between pCR and OS was also recorded.

scholarly journals Piperaquine Pharmacodynamics and Parasite Viability in a Murine Malaria Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 2707-2713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brioni R. Moore ◽  
Kenneth F. Ilett ◽  
Madhu Page-Sharp ◽  
Jeffrey D. Jago ◽  
Kevin T. Batty
Keyword(s):  
Immunological Response ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Parasite Viability ◽  
Malaria Model ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT Piperaquine (PQ) is an important partner drug in antimalarial combination treatments, but the long half-life of PQ raises concerns about drug resistance. Our aim was to investigate the extended antimalarial effect of PQ in a study of drug efficacy, reinoculation outcomes, and parasite viability after the administration of a single dose of PQ in the murine malaria model. Initially, male Swiss mice were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei and at 64 h after parasite inoculation were given PQ phosphate at 90 mg/kg of body weight intraperitoneally. Parasite viability, drug efficacy, reinoculation responses, and parasite resistance were determined at 25, 40, 60, 90, and 130 days after drug administration. At each time point, six mice were reinoculated with 107 P. berghei parasites and blood was harvested from another four mice for viability passage into naïve mice (n = 5 for each blood sample) and from another two mice for determination of the plasma PQ concentration. The efficacy study demonstrated that the residual PQ concentrations did not suppress the infection after 25 days. Viable parasites were present up to 90 days after PQ dosing, although only 50% and 25% of the passaged parasites remained viable at 60 and 90 days postdosing, respectively. Viable parasites passaged into the naïve hosts were generally resistant to PQ when they were exposed to the drug for a second time. PQ was found to have a substantial antimalarial effect in this model, and the effect appears to be sufficient for a host immunological response to be established, resulting in the long-term survival of P. berghei-infected mice.

Cholangiocarcinoma: classification and staging

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
A. I. Shchegolev ◽  
U. N. Tumanova ◽  
G. G. Karmazanovsky ◽  
O. D. Mishnev
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Disease Prognosis ◽  
8Th Edition

The main classifications of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) are currently the TNM classification, as well as the Bismuth–Corlette and MSKCC classifications. The criteria of T, N and M categories and characteristics of the stages of cholangiocarcinoma of the proximal and distal bile ducts, which are specified in the modern 8th edition of the international TNM classification, are presented. TNM classification is the most common for the development of treatment methods and the determination of disease prognosis. The Bismuth–Corlette classification, which characterizes the CC of the bile ducts in the region of the gate of the liver, is used to determine the type and volume of surgery. MSKCC classification of the CC of proximal bile ducts is designed to assess the prognosis of resectability, the risk of metastases and long-term survival of patients.

scholarly journals Extrapolating Survival from Randomized Trials Using External Data: A Review of Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Jackson ◽  
John Stevens ◽  
Shijie Ren ◽  
Nick Latimer ◽  
Laura Bojke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
External Data ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Term Data

This article describes methods used to estimate parameters governing long-term survival, or times to other events, for health economic models. Specifically, the focus is on methods that combine shorter-term individual-level survival data from randomized trials with longer-term external data, thus using the longer-term data to aid extrapolation of the short-term data. This requires assumptions about how trends in survival for each treatment arm will continue after the follow-up period of the trial. Furthermore, using external data requires assumptions about how survival differs between the populations represented by the trial and external data. Study reports from a national health technology assessment program in the United Kingdom were searched, and the findings were combined with “pearl-growing” searches of the academic literature. We categorized the methods that have been used according to the assumptions they made about how the hazards of death vary between the external and internal data and through time, and we discuss the appropriateness of the assumptions in different circumstances. Modeling choices, parameter estimation, and characterization of uncertainty are discussed, and some suggestions for future research priorities in this area are given.

Can a common snake provide conservation insights?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Site Use ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
Term Data

The small-eyed snake (Cryptophis nigrescens) is a common non-threatened species in eastern Australia. It coexists with the threatened broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides), a species adversely affected by habitat disturbance and subject to poaching. The small-eyed snake is a habitat generalist and not subject to poaching. It may prey on other snakes, including the broad-headed snake, and, like the broad-headed snake, may shelter under thermally favourable loose rocks during the cooler months of the year. This may lead to interactions between these species due to the limited availability of such rocks, and possibly exacerbate other threats to the broad-headed snake, such as poaching and the loss of thermally favourable rocks. I conducted repeat surveys for snakes at 64 rock outcrops in Royal National Park over a 16-year period. I predicted that site use by the small-eyed snake would not be influenced by a disturbance variable previously documented to influence site use by the broad-headed snake. Observations were consistent with this prediction, confirming the unique vulnerability of the broad-headed snake. I used my long-term data to analyse the co-occurrence of the two species. The broad-headed snake was detected as frequently at sites with and without the small-eyed snake, suggesting that these species occupy outcrops independently of each other. Therefore, interactions with the small-eyed snake will not reduce the effectiveness of habitat restoration for the broad-headed snake in Royal National Park.

scholarly journals Mean age of stratospheric air derived from AirCore observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Engel ◽  
Harald Bönisch ◽  
Markus Ullrich ◽  
Robert Sitals ◽  
Olivier Membrive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Significant Positive Trend ◽  
Stratospheric Balloon ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Mean age of stratospheric air can be derived from observations of sufficiently long lived trace gases with approximately linear trends in the troposphere. Mean age can serve as a tracer to investigate stratospheric transport and long term changes in the strength of the overturning Brewer-Dobson circulation of the stratosphere. For this purpose, a low-cost method is required in order to allow for regular observations up to altitudes of about 30 km. Despite the desired low costs, high precision and accuracy are required in order to allow determination of mean age. We present balloon borne AirCore observations from two mid latitude sites: Timmins in Ontario/Canada and Lindenberg in Germany. During the Timmins campaign five AirCores sampled air in parallel from a large stratospheric balloon and were analysed for CO2, CH4 and partly CO. We show that there is good agreement between the different AirCores (better than 0.1 %) especially when vertical gradients are small. The measurements from Lindenberg were performed using small low-cost balloons and yielded very comparable results. We have used the observations to extend our long term data set of mean age observations at Northern Hemi-sphere mid latitudes. The time series now covers more than 40 years and shows a small, statis-tically not significant positive trend of 0.15 ± 0.18 years/decade. This trend is slightly smaller than the previous estimate of 0.24 ± 0.22 years/decade which was based on observations up to the year 2006. These observations are still in contrast to strong negative trends of mean age as derived from some model calculations.

scholarly journals Phenological features of development for the apricot cultivars in connection with the changing climate

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
V. V. Korzin ◽  
N. V. Mesyats
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
June July ◽  
Term Data

The aim of the research was to study the influence of weather and climatic environmental factors on the formation of the apricot productivity of various origins. The objects of research were 45 apricot cultivars planted on the collection area in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Phenological observations, yield accepting and determination of plant productivity of different apricot cultivars were done in accordance with generally accepted methods. When analyzing the data of phenological observations during the past 13 years due to climate change, acceleration of flowering and ripening have not been identified. The excess of monthly average precipitation with low monthly average air temperatures leads to a delay of the beginning of flowering of apricot plants by 1-3 weeks. The excess of monthly average air temperature during the period of formation (April-May) and fruit ripening (June-July), as well as a significant decrease in the amount of precipitation relative to their long-term average, accelerates the fruit ripening period. For the studied cultivars, it ranged from 1 to 3 weeks, in comparison with long-term data. Apricot cultivars and forms that better adapted to new growing conditions and have several valuable characteristics were selected: Large Early, Bucuria, Magister, Mandule Kajszi, Sanatate, Stokk, Ketch-Pshar (early or late ripening is combined with high yield; later flowering is combined with early or late fruit ripening). They are of interest for production testing, amateur gardeners and breeders.

scholarly journals Factors Determining Long-Term Antitumor Responses to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy in Melanoma

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Loo ◽  
James W. Smithy ◽  
Michael A. Postow ◽  
Allison Betof Warner
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Term Data

With the increasing promise of long-term survival with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, particularly for patients with advanced melanoma, clinicians and investigators are driven to identify prognostic and predictive factors that may help to identify individuals who are likely to experience durable benefit. Several ICB combinations are being actively developed to expand the armamentarium of treatments for patients who may not achieve long-term responses to ICB single therapies alone. Thus, negative predictive markers are also of great interest. This review seeks to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the durability of ICB treatments. We will discuss the currently available long-term data from the ICB clinical trials and real-world studies describing the survivorship of ICB-treated melanoma patients. Additionally, we explore the current treatment outcomes in patients rechallenged with ICB and the patterns of ICB resistance based on sites of disease, namely, liver or CNS metastases. Lastly, we discuss the landscape in melanoma in the context of prognostic or predictive factors as markers of long-term response to ICB.

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