Physiological tools to predict invasiveness and spread via estuarine bridges: tolerance of Brazilian native and worldwide introduced freshwater fishes to increased salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Maria Millan Gutierre ◽  
Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule ◽  
Carolina Arruda Freire ◽  
Viviane Prodocimo
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
High Degree

Non-native freshwater fishes may spread via estuaries, invading nearby basins. The Brazilian natives Rhamdia quelen and Geophagus brasiliensis, and the worldwide introduced Clarias gariepinus, Ictalurus punctatus, Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio were acutely exposed (6 h) to salinities 15 and 30. Hypothetically, the introduced species display greater physiological plasticity than do the natives. Exposure to salinity 30 was lethal after 1.5–3 h to all species except for O. niloticus and G. brasiliensis. Increase in plasma osmolality was inversely related to muscle water content, mainly in salinity 30 for all species. R. quelen and C. gariepinus displayed increased expression of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) on salinity increase; differently, I. punctatus, O. niloticus and C. carpio showed high constitutive levels already in freshwater. Species with high constitutive expression of HSP and/or high degree of euryhalinity (cichlids) could potentially use estuaries as bridges, especially through areas of salinity <15.

Development of Hypoosmoregulatory Capacity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) Reared under either Continuous Light or Natural Photoperiod

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne M. Arnesen ◽  
Morten Halvorsen ◽  
Kjell J. Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Muscle Water

Two groups of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) were reared in freshwater (5–6 °C) under either continuous light (LDL) from first feeding (March) or LDL until July and then natural photoperiod (NDL, 70°N). Direct transfer to seawater (5.5 °C, 35 ppt) in February resulted in both groups exhibiting increases in blood plasma osmolality, Na+, and Mg2+ concentrations and a significant decrease in muscle water content. When tested in May, an improvement in seawater tolerance was evident in both groups. In June, only the NDL fish showed further improvements in hypoosmoregulatory capacity, since they exhibited only minor fluctuations in plasma constituents and muscle water content following direct transfer to seawater. Increased body size could partially explain the improved seawater tolerance in the experimental groups. Acclimation to brackish water prior to transfer to 35 ppt seawater in June improved seawater tolerance only in fish reared under continuous light. The results indicate that the seasonal increase in photoperiod stimulates the development of hypoosmoregulatory capacity whilst the fish are still resident in freshwater.

scholarly journals Metabolic substrates are not mobilized from the osmoregulatory organs (gills and kidney) of the estuarine pufferfishes Sphoeroides greeleyi and S. testudineus upon short-term salinity reduction

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Prodocimo ◽  
Carine F. Souza ◽  
Cristina Pessini ◽  
Luiz Claudio Fernandes ◽  
Carolina A. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolic Substrates ◽  
Salinity Reduction ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
Cellular Water

The marine-estuarine species of pufferfishes Sphoeroides testudineus and S. greeleyi are very efficient osmoregulators. However, they differ with respect to their tolerance of salinity reduction. During low tide S. testudineus remains in diluted estuarine waters, whereas S. greeleyi returns to seawater (SW). The hypothesis tested here was that the short-term mobilization of metabolic substrates stored in their main osmoregulatory organs would correlate with this differential tolerance. Fishes exposed to 5‰ (for 6 h) were compared to those kept in 35‰. Branchial and renal contents of triglycerides, protein and glycogen were evaluated, and total ATPase activity accounted for the tissues' metabolism. Plasma osmolality, chloride and glucose, hematocrit, and muscle water content were also measured. Total triacylglycerol content was higher in S. greeleyi than in S. testudineus in both salinities and in both organs. Kidney glycogen contents were higher in S. greeleyi than in S. testudineus in 5 and 35‰. Total ATPase activity was reduced in 5‰ when compared to 35‰ in the kidney of S. greeleyi, and was higher in the gills of S. greeleyi than in those of S. testudineus, in both salinities. Upon exposure to dilute SW, both species displayed a similar osmoregulatory pattern: plasma osmolality and chloride were reduced. Again in both species, stability in muscle water content indicated cellular water content control. Although the metabolic substrates stored in the osmoregulatory organs of both species were not mobilized during these short-term sea water dilution events, some differences could be revealed between the two species. S. greeleyi showed more metabolic reserves (essentially triacylglycerols) in these organs, and its gills showed higher total ATPase activity than those S. testudineus.

scholarly journals Water acidification causes death of marine ornamental fish (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) during transport: contributing to the conservation of wild populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Flavia D.F. Sampaio ◽  
Helena C. Silva-de-Assis ◽  
Franciele L. Bettim ◽  
Luís F. Fávaro ◽  
Carolina A. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Muscle Water

Pomacentridae is a common family in the aquarium fish trade. Most species are harvested from nature. Here we evaluate the following water parameters in the pomacentrid sergeant major, Abudefdufsaxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), to assess their stress level during a 24, 48, and 72 hours transport: dissolved oxygen (DO), total ammonia, and pH. In addition, we evaluated the following physiological parameters: plasma osmolality, muscle water content, blood glucose, and the enzyme activities of the branchial carbonic anhydrase (CA), the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The mortality of fish measuring &gt;6 cm total length was 22%, while no mortality was observed for fish measuring &lt;6 cm. The pH of the water was significantly correlated with fish mortality, especially for the initial 24 hours of transport. Hypoxia after 24–48 hours also led to fish mortality, but build up ammonia was not a problem even after 72 hours. We suggest that a minimum water volume of 125 ml/g fish is necessary for safe and cost-effective transport of the sergeant major, preferably with &lt;6 cm in total length.

scholarly journals Freshwater fishes of Bontebok National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
River System ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu

Fish assemblages were sampled at six sites in the Breede River in the Bontebok National Park during 1999 and 2000. A total of 380 fish from 12 species was recorded. Indigenous fish collected included one freshwater species (Barbus andrewi), two catodromous species (Anguilla mossambica, Myxus capensis). and three estuarine species (Gilchris- tella aestuaria, Monodactylusfalciformis, Mugil cephalus). Four of the species recorded were aliens (Tinea tinea, Lepomis macrochirus, Micropterus salmoides, Micropterus dolomieu) and two species translocated from other South African rivers (Tilapia sparrmanii, Clarias gariepinus). A further two indigenous species (Sandelia capensis, Pseudobarbus biirchelli) could potentially occur within the park, though the high abundance of alien predators means that there is little chance for recolonisation from tributaries higher in the Breede River system. There is little opportunity to meaningfully conserve most indigenous freshwater fish in Bontebok National Park.

scholarly journals Rat mesangial cells and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor: inhibition of 72-kD type IV collagenase (MMP-2) and of cell proliferation.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Steinmann-Niggli ◽  
M Lukes ◽  
H P Marti
Keyword(s):  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor ◽  
Type Iv Collagenase ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Synthetic Inhibitor ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
High Degree

The synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) Ro 31-9790, a hydroxamic-acid derivative, was investigated for its effect on rat mesangial cells (MC) in culture. For these studies, proliferating MC with a high degree of constitutive expression of a MMP, the 72-kD Type IV collagenase (gelatinase A, MMP-2), were chosen, because they reflect aspects of an inflammatory phenotype that may occur during certain forms of glomerular inflammatory diseases. Ro 31-9790 inhibited activity of the rat MC MMP-2 in a concentration-dependent and competitive fashion, as analyzed by quantitative densitometry and by a continuously recording fluorescent assay. Furthermore, Ro 31-9790 inhibited the proliferation rate of cultured rat MC in a concentration-dependent and at least partially reversible manner without affecting cell viability. It was concluded that the application of synthetic MMP inhibitors may offer a new perspective for the therapy of mesangial cell-derived forms of glomerulonephritis.

scholarly journals Molecular assessment of native fish diversity in UNESCO heritage site, Tasik Raban, using DNA barcoding

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramizah Abdull Rahman ◽  
Nurul Fizatul Nabilah Osman ◽  
Adibah Abu Bakar ◽  
Syazwan Saidin ◽  
Intan Faraha Abdul Ghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
The World

Freshwater species are the most threatened group to be assessed to date by the IUCN. Freshwater fish has enormous importance as animal protein supplies for human, and it is estimated that 6% of the world annual animal protein supplies come from freshwater fishes. Barcoding projects have been initiated all over the world and the field is constantly growing. In Malaysia however, the field has not been deeply investigated and not many barcoding projects have been undertaken especially for freshwater fishes. The aim of our study is to support the progress of DNA barcode project, especially for inland reservoirs like Tasik Raban, Perak. A Standard methodology using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker was developed to ensure native fishes are barcoded taxonomically and molecularly and ready to be accessed through online databases. Such public references can help increase awareness on local fish diversity management. Information on taxonomy and molecular characterization can be used to plan further conservation programmed especially for depleted, unrecognized, and cryptic native species.

Iodoacetate-induced skeletal muscle contracture: changes in ADP, calcium, phosphate, and pH

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. C317-C322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Ruff ◽  
J. Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Iodoacetic Acid ◽  
Intracellular Acidification ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
Creatine Kinase Reaction ◽  
Cr Creatine ◽  
Total Muscle ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of iodoacetic acid (IAA) and ischemic contraction were studied in rat extensor digitorum longus muscles. Ischemic stimulation of IAA-treated muscles produced contracture. We measured total muscle water content, distribution of water between intracellular and extracellular spaces, creatine concentration ([Cr]), creatine phosphate concentration ([PCr]), [ATP], [Pi], intracellular pH, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at the onset of contracture. [ADP] was calculated from the equilibrium of the creatine kinase reaction using the measured values of [ATP], [PCr], [Cr], and pH. At the onset of contracture there was a 75% reduction of [PCr], a 12-fold increase in [ADP], and an 11-fold increase in [Ca2+]i compared with unstimulated IAA-treated muscles. [ATP] was not depleted at contracture compared with unstimulated IAA-treated muscles, and [Pi] increased less in muscles at contracture compared with stimulated control muscles. The persistent tension in contractures probably resulted from increased [Ca2+]i combined with increased myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity due to elevated [ADP] and relatively reduced intracellular acidification and [Pi].

scholarly journals Digestibilidade aparente de farinha de carne e ossos de peixe para tilápia do Nilo

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (251) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Godoy ◽  
E. Fries ◽  
A. F. Corrêia ◽  
I. W. A. Melo ◽  
R. B. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, energia bruta, cálcio e fósforo das farinhas de carne e ossos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), do catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), do pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) e do bagre africano (Clarias gariepinus) para a tilápia do Nilo. Para tal, foi utilizado o método indireto, com o uso do óxido de cromo (III) (Cr2O3), como indicador inerte, incorporado na ração em 1 g·kg-1. Foram distribuídas 400 tilápias com 50±7,89 g (média ± DP) em 20 tanques cônicos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, constituído por cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos de uma dieta referência e outras quatro dietas constituídas de 800 g·kg-1 da dieta referência e 200 g·kg-1 da farinha de carne e ossos de tilápias, catfish, pintado e bagre africano. A farinha de carne e ossos de pintado demonstrou melhor digestão para proteína bruta, cálcio e fósforo, enquanto a farinha de carne e ossos de tilápia obteve valor maior para extrato etéreo e energia digestível. Para matéria mineral, o maior resultado obtido foi para a farinha de carne e ossos de catfish. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a tilápia do Nilo apresenta limitada capacidade para digerir e utilizar os componentes presentes nas farinhas de ossos avaliadas. A presença de grande quantidade de colágeno estrutural nesses ingredientes e sua baixa digestibilidade pode ter causado redução na disponibilidade do cálcio e fósforo.

scholarly journals Freshwater fishes of Tsitsikamma National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Alien Fish ◽  
Alien Fish Species

This study aimed to determine the distribution and relative abundance of freshwater fishes in the Tsitsikamma National Park. Fish assemblages in six river systems were sampled in 2001, with a total of 323 fish from eight species recorded. Indigenous fish collected included four freshwater species (Pseudobarbus afer, Pseudobarbus tenuis, Sandelia capensis, Anguilla mossambica), three estuarine species (Monodactylus falciformis, Caffrogobius gilchristi, Myxus capensis), and one alien (Micropterus salmoides). One additional indigenous species (Galaxias zebratus) and two aliens (Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss) could potentially occur within the park. The topography and locality of the park presents a unique opportunity to meaningfully conserve the endangered P. tenuis as well as other fish characteristic of the eastern reaches of the Cape Floristic Region. Management action is required to minimise opportunities for further establishment and spread of alien fish species and to conserve indigenous fish assemblages within the park.

scholarly journals Physiological consequences of rising water salinity for a declining freshwater turtle

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Agha ◽  
Yuzo R Yanagitsuru ◽  
Nann A Fangue ◽  
A Justin Nowakowski ◽  
Laura V Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Western Pond Turtle

Abstract Sea-level rise, drought and water diversion can all lead to rapid salinization of freshwater habitats, especially in coastal areas. Increased water salinities can in turn alter the geographic distribution and ecology of freshwater species including turtles. The physiological consequences of salinization for freshwater turtles, however, are poorly known. Here, we compared the osmoregulatory response of two geographically separate populations of the freshwater Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata)—a species declining across its range in western North America—to three constant salinities: 0.4 ppt, 10 ppt and 15 ppt over 2 weeks. We found that turtles from a coastal estuarine marsh population regulated their plasma osmolality at lower levels than their conspecifics from an inland freshwater creek population 45 km away. Plasma osmolalities were consistently lower in estuarine marsh turtles than the freshwater creek turtles over the entire 2-week exposure to 10 ppt and 15 ppt water. Furthermore, estuarine marsh turtles maintained plasma osmolalities within 1 SD of their mean field osmolalities over the 2-week exposure, whereas freshwater creek turtles exceeded their field values within the first few days after exposure to elevated salinities. However, individuals from both populations exhibited body mass loss in 15 ppt water, with significantly greater loss in estuarine turtles. We speculate that the greater ability to osmoregulate by the estuarine marsh turtles may be explained by their reduced feeding and drinking in elevated salinities that was not exhibited by the freshwater creek population. However, due to mass loss in both populations, physiological and behavioural responses exhibited by estuarine marsh turtles may only be effective adaptations for short-term exposures to elevated salinities, such as those from tides and when traversing saline habitats, and are unlikely to be effective for long-term exposure to elevated salinity as is expected under sea-level rise.

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