Lysogenic infection in sub-tropical freshwater cyanobacteria cultures and natural blooms

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Steenhauer ◽  
Peter C. Pollard ◽  
Corina P. D. Brussaard ◽  
Christin Säwström
Keyword(s):  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms

Lysogeny has been reported for a few freshwater cyanobacteria cultures, but it is unknown how prevalent it is in freshwater cyanobacteria in situ. Here we tested for lysogeny in (a) cultures of eight Australian species of subtropical freshwater cyanobacteria; (b) seven strains of one species: Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii; and (c) six cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water reservoirs in South East Queensland, Australia. Lysogenic infection in the cyanobacteria was induced through mitomycin C addition. By measuring the decline in host cell numbers and the concomitant increase in cyanophages over the course of the experiment, we observed lysogenic infection in five of the eight species of cyanobacteria (i.e. Nodularia spumigena, Anabaena circinalis, Anabaenopsis arnoldii, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, Microcystis botrys, Microcystis aeruginosa, C. raciborskii and Anabaena spp., and in four of the seven strains of C. raciborskii) but only in two of the six natural cyanobacteria blooms. Lysogeny dominated laboratory culture strains whereas in natural blooms of cyanobacteria few species were lysogenic (i.e. not mitomycin C inducible). Thus, lysogenic laboratory cultures may not necessarily reflect the genetics nor the physiology of a natural cyanobacterial population, and more information on both forms is needed to understand better how cyanobacteria behave and exist in their natural habitat.

In situ evaluation of options for chemical treatment of hepatotoxic cyanobacterial blooms

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1736-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K-Y Lam ◽  
E E Prepas
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Ph Shock ◽  
Alum Treatment ◽  
Phytoplankton Cells

Closed-bottom limnocorrals were placed in a hardwater lake in central Alberta to compare the effect of two alternative approaches to chemical removal of toxic phytoplankton blooms. Reglone A, which lyses phytoplankton cells, and lime-alum, which precipitates intact phytoplankton cells out of the water column were both effective in removing phytoplankton from the water column. Our results were consistent with laboratory studies in that treatment with Reglone A removed phytoplankton (primarily cyanobacteria) blooms with a concomitant increase in dissolved microcystin (exo-MCYST) and phosphorus concentrations in the surrounding water whereas lime-alum treatment did not. Maximum exo-MCYST concentrations in the water phase of the lime-alum treated limnocorrals were 32-fold lower than those recorded in the Reglone-treated limnocorrals. Treatment with lime alone caused a sharp rise in pH (to >10), and the observed increase in exo-MCYST was likely due to pH shock. Exo-MCYST concentration in the Reglone-treated enclosures remained high for the duration of the experiment (>5 days). As microcystin did not partition onto lake sediments in laboratory studies, our limnocorrals results were probably a good indication of microcystin dynamics in lakes. Thus, the use of chemicals such as lime-alum that precipitate out intact phytoplankton cells lessens the potential health risk where microcystins are present.

Occurrence and possible causes of a severe cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Cargelligo, New South Wales

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bowling
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Physico Chemical

Although smaller cyanobacterial blooms had occurred in Lake Cargelligo in previous summers, a severe bloom of Anabaena circinalis occurred in the lake in November 1990. Cell numbers exceeded 100 000 cells m L -1 , and toxicity tests revealed the bloom to be highly hepatotoxic. This resulted in the first known closure of a town water supply due to cyanobacteria in New South Wales. Blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi, Oscillatoria rnougeotii and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii also occurred in the lake at similar very high cell numbers during the summer and autumn of 1990-91. All five species persisted until May 1991, although there was no detectable toxicity from January onwards. Severe flooding in the Lachlan River valley upstream of Lake Cargelligo during the winter of 1990 led to nutrient enrlched inflows to the lake. These elevated nutrient concentrations would have been a major factor contributing to the bloom. However, other physico-chemical factors were also suitable for cyanobacterial growth.

CONSERVATION OF RARE SPECIES PLANTS AND LICHENS IN SITU WITH PLANNED ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES: BASIC APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
A. N. EFREMOV ◽  
N. V. PLIKINA ◽  
T. ABELI
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Social Risks

Rare species are most vulnerable to man-made impacts, due to their biological characteristics or natural resource management. As a rule, the economic impact is associated with the destruction and damage of individual organisms, the destruction or alienation of habitats. Unfortunately, the conservation of habitat integrity is an important protection strategy, which is not always achievable in the implementation of industrial and infrastructural projects. The aim of the publication is to summarize the experience in the field of protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ), to evaluate and analyze the possibility of using existing methods in design and survey activities. In this regard, the main methodological approaches to the protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ) during the proposed economic activity were reflected. The algorithm suggested by the authors for implementing the in situ project should include a preparatory stage (initial data collection, preliminary risk assessments, technology development, obtaining permitting documentation), the main stage, the content of which is determined by the selected technology and a long monitoring stage, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the taken measures. Among the main risks of in situ technology implementation, the following can be noted: the limited resources of the population that do not allow for the implementation of the procedure without prior reproduction of individuals in situ (in vitro); limited knowledge of the biology of the species; the possibility of invasion; the possibility of crossing for closely related species that сo-exist in the same habitat; social risks and consequences, target species or population may be important for the local population; financial risks during the recovery of the population. The available experience makes it possible to consider the approach to the conservation of rare species in situ as the best available technology that contributes to reducing negative environmental risks.

scholarly journals Evidence of Quorum Sensing in Cyanobacteria by Homoserine Lactones: The Origin of Blooms

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Natalia Herrera ◽  
Fernando Echeverri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Bacterial Communication ◽  
Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Almost All

Although several theories have been postulated to explain cyanobacterial blooms, their biochemical origin has not yet been found. In this work, we explore the existence of bacterial communication, called quorum sensing, in Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Thus, the application of several known acylhomoserine lactones to cultures of both cyanobacteria causes profound metabolic. At 72 h post-application, some of them produced substantial increases in cell proliferation, while others were inhibitors. There was a correlation with colony-forming activity for most of them. According to ELISA analysis, the microcystin levels were increased with some lactones. However, there was a clear difference between M. aeruginosa and C. raciborskii culture since, in the first one, there was an inducing effect on cell proliferation, while in C. raciborskii, the effects were minor. Besides, there were compound inhibitors and inducers of microcystins production in M. aeruginosa, but almost all compounds were only inducers of saxitoxin production in C. raciborskii. Moreover, each lactone appears to be involved in a specific quorum sensing process. From these results, the formation of cyanobacterial blooms in dams and reservoirs could be explained since lactones may come from cyanobacteria and other sources as bacterial microflora-associated or exogenous compounds structurally unrelated to lactones, such as drugs, industrial effluents, and agrochemicals.

Growth and moulting of wild-born immature snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788) (Decapoda, Majoidea), in the laboratory

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Yamamoto ◽  
Tatsuya Yamada ◽  
Takahiro Kinoshita ◽  
Yuji Ueda ◽  
Hiroshi Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Chionoecetes Opilio ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Snow Crabs

Growth and moulting of wild-born immature snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788)) were investigated by laboratory culture experiments. Crabs with 16.2-42.9 mm carapace width caught from the Sea of Japan were cultured at a temperature of their natural habitat (approximately 1°C). The growth indices (size increments at moulting in mm and in % of premoult carapace width) and intermoult period were significantly affected by premoult carapace width, but sex did not affect these variables. Furthermore, we demonstrated that premoult carapace width and days after moulting significantly affected moulting probability and we developed a moulting probability model based on these variables. From this model, the number of days of intermoult periods when moults occurred in 50% of crabs of instars VI, VII and VIII was estimated at 234, 284 and 346 days, respectively.

Terminal Proterozoic cyanobacterial blooms and phosphogenesis documented by the Doushantuo granular phosphorites I: In situ micro-analysis of textures and composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 20-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenbing She ◽  
Paul Strother ◽  
Gregory McMahon ◽  
Larry R. Nittler ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Micro Analysis

scholarly journals Harmful phytoplankton blooms and fish mortality in a eutrophicated reservoir of northeast Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naithirithi Tiruvenkatachary Chellappa ◽  
Sarah Laxhmi Chellappa ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxin ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this work was to study the eutrophication in the tropical freshwater ecosystems and the consequent cyanobacterial bloom formation and economical damage to fisheries and harmful effects to public health. Mass fish mortality due to toxin producing cyanobacterial blooms was registered during December 2003 in Marechal Dutra Reservoir, Acari/RN, Northeast Brazil. Phytoplankton and fish samplings were carried out on alternate days during the episode of fish mortality and monthly during January to June 2004. The cyanobacterial toxin was identified and quantified from the seston samples and liver of the dead fishes using the standard HPLC method. The results indicated that the toxic blooms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa were persistent for two weeks and represented 90% of the phytoplankton species assemblages. The lethally affected fishes were Oreochromis niloticus, Plagioscion squamosissimus, Cichla monoculus, Prochilodus brevis, Hoplias malabaricus and Leporinus friderici. The microcystin levels varied from 0.07 to 8.73µg L-1 the seston samples and from 0.01 to 2.59µg g-1in the liver samples of the fishes during the bloom period.

Studies of Microthrix parvicella in situ and in laboratory culture: production and use of specific antibodies

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Connery ◽  
A.S. Thompson ◽  
S. Patrick ◽  
M.J. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Culture Production ◽  
Microthrix Parvicella

Physiological studies on M. parvicella have been conducted to determine the rate of growth of this organism in pure culture. The organism displayed a doubling time of 128 days despite its profuse abundance in a local Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTW). An extensive survey has been ongoing since February 2000 into the extent of M. parvicella in the WWTW. A suite of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies has been developed to detect and quantify M. parvicella.

scholarly journals Targeted in situ genome-wide profiling with high efficiency for low cell numbers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Skene ◽  
Jorja G Henikoff ◽  
Steven Henikoff
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Genome Wide

The relationship between erythropoietin-dependent cellular differentiation and colony-forming ability in prenatal haemopoietic tissues

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-588
Author(s):  
R. J. Cole ◽  
T. Regan ◽  
S. L. White ◽  
E. M. Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Colony Forming Cell ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
The Relationship

Levels of haem synthesis achieved by foetal liver erythroblasts responding to erythropoietin in vitro are similar in dissociated cell cultures and in cultures of organized tissues. Erythroid colony-forming cells reach maximum numbers on the sixteenth day of gestation. Their presence in foetal liver is associated with the period of most rapid production of erythrocytes, and with in vitro sensitivity to erythropoietin measured as enhanced haem synthesis. It is concluded that at least a proportion of erythroid colony-forming cells in the foetal liver are dependent on erythropoietin in situ and that these cells are separated from the earliest recognizable pro-erythroblast by 1–2 cell divisions. Populations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells change independently of erythroid colony-forming cell numbers.

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