Nutritional composition of potential zooplankton prey of the spiny lobster phyllosoma (Jasus edwardsii)

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Wang ◽  
Richard O'Rorke ◽  
Scott D. Nodder ◽  
Andrew G. Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Phyllosoma Larvae

Despite the global significance of spiny lobsters, the biology of their planktonic larvae, especially their carnivorous diet, is very poorly understood. Unsuitable diets and feeding regimes are one of the major reasons for consistently high mortalities during larval culture. In an effort to begin to determine the nutritional requirements of phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, the present study first characterised the proximate composition of 11 previously identified groups of their potential prey. This included gelatinous zooplankton (chaetognaths, ctenophores, tunicates, siphonophores, scyphozoans, heteropods and pteropods), crustacean zooplankton (amphipods, copepods and euphausiids) and fish larvae. The composition of the 54 samples of 30 species of zooplankton ranged over 79.2–98.1% moisture content, and 1.9–54.2% for protein, 0.4–11.2% for carbohydrate, 0.1–27.9% for lipid, and 3.9–76.4% for ash of dry weight. The results showed that, in the most, zooplankton species provide a reliable source of protein. Only a small number of zooplankton had high lipid yield, suggesting that a narrow range of zooplankton species high in lipid are likely to be targeted by late-stage phyllosomas. The results of the present study will be useful as a guide for the development of artificial diets to improve phyllosoma aquaculture.

Mouthpart and foregut ontogeny in phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii (Decapoda: Palinuridae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Johnston ◽  
Arthur Ritar
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Phyllosoma Larvae

Mouthpart and foregut structure indicates that Jasus edwardsii phyllosomas ingest soft fleshy foods such as gelatinous zooplankton. Mouthpart morphology changes little during larval development, indicating that ingestive capabilities and external mastication are well developed from an early age. However, the density and complexity of setation and robustness of individual mouthparts increases with age, suggesting a greater capacity to ingest larger prey during development. The foregut consists of a single chamber with a number of well-developed grooves, ridges, and setae but lacking a gastric mill. The primary role of the foregut is mixing, sorting, and filtering particles, preground by the mouthparts. Phyllosomas have been divided into early (stage I–III), mid (IV–V), and late (VI–X) stages based on the development of the filter press and main brushes. Increasing robustness of setation and complexity of the foregut suggest that the texture of prey becomes more muscular (fibrous) with larval development. The results presented here suggest that early-stage phyllosoma would benefit from a diet comprising soft gelatinous items, whereas late-stage phyllosomas are better prepared to deal with larger, fleshy prey. The changes in structural characteristics with age should also serve as a guide in the development of formulated diets.

Distribution and condition of pueruli of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii offshore from north-east New Zealand

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G. Jeffs ◽  
Stephen M. Chiswell ◽  
John D. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Offshore Water ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Phyllosoma Larvae ◽  
Exogenous Trigger

Pelagic spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, pueruli and phyllosomas were sampled on offshore transects from the south-east coast of the North Island of New Zealand in February 1998. Carapace length, weight, and total lipid content of pueruli (n = 360) were assessed; 33 pueruli had soft carapaces, indicative of recent metamorphosis from final-stage (stage 11) phyllosoma larvae. The recently metamorphosed pueruli occurred 24–216 km offshore, much farther offshore than has been previously suggested for the location of metamorphosis. Their distribution was compared to information on their size and condition, as well as their distance offshore, water depth, temperature and salinity, and estimates of phytoplankton biomass. The results indicate that a threshold of larval energy reserve is unlikely to trigger metamorphosis, but rather some exogenous trigger may be involved, or metamorphosis may be part of a programmed developmental process. The distribution and condition of the new pueruli suggest that about 84% had the energetic capacity to swim inshore to settle. This result may have important implications for patterns of puerulus settlement and subsequent recruitment of lobsters to coastal populations and their important associated fisheries. It may influence both the seasonal and interannual variability in settlement observed in this species.

scholarly journals Digestive enzyme profiles of spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii phyllosoma larvae

2004 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Johnston ◽  
A Ritar ◽  
C Thomas ◽  
A Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Phyllosoma Larvae

Immune status of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii with tail fan necrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Zha ◽  
G Lewis ◽  
A Alfaro ◽  
S Wang ◽  
Y Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Status ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii

Do changes in reef habitats influence relative predation risk on the juvenile Australasian spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875)?

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 839-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hesse ◽  
J. A. Stanley ◽  
A. G. Jeffs
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Commercially Important

Kelp habitats are in decline in many temperate coastal regions of the world due to climate change and expansion of populations of grazing urchins. The loss of kelp habitat may influence the vulnerability to predators of the juveniles of commercially important species. In this study relative predation rates for kelp versus barren reef habitat were measured for early juvenile Australasian spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), on the northeastern coast of New Zealand using tethering methods. Variation in assemblages of predators over small spatial scales appeared to be more important for determining the relative predation of lobsters, regardless of habitat type. Therefore, the assessment of relative predation risk to early juvenile lobsters between kelp and barren habitats will require more extensive sampling at a small spatial scale, as well as a specific focus on sampling during crepuscular and nocturnal periods when these lobsters are most at risk of predation.

Crustacean zooplankton species richness: single- and multiple-year estimates

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E Arnott ◽  
John J Magnuson ◽  
Norman D Yan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Asymptotic Approach ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Extent

Richness estimates are dependent on the spatial and temporal extent of the sampling programme and the method used to predict richness. We assessed crustacean zooplankton richness in eight Canadian Shield lakes at different temporal and spatial scales using three methods of estimation: cumulative, asymptotic, and Chao's index. Percent species detected increased with the number of spatial, intraannual, or interannual samples taken. Single samples detected 50% of the annual species pool and 33% of the total estimated species pool. This suggests that previous estimates of zooplankton richness, based on single samples in individual lakes, are too low. Our richness estimates for individual lakes approach the total number of zooplankton found in some regions of Canada, suggesting that each lake has most taxa at some time, the majority being very rare. Single-year richness estimates provided poor predictions of multiple-year richness. The relationship between richness and environmental variables was dependent on the method of estimation and the number of samples used. We conclude that richness should be treated as an "index" rather than an absolute and sampling efforts should be standardized. We recommend an asymptotic approach to estimate zooplankton richness because the number of samples taken influenced it less.

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