Remediation of a perched stream culvert with ropes improves fish passage

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. David ◽  
M. P. Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Anguilla Australis ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Control Stream

Worldwide, human-mediated disruption of river networks by artificial structures negatively affects migratory fish species. To creatively solve part of this problem, we assessed the effectiveness of mussel spat ropes for improving fish passage past perched culvert structures. We used a before–after–control–treatment design to test our hypothesis that relative abundances of ‘young-of-the-year’ migratory fish species would increase following rope installation in a New Zealand stream. Results following remediation indicated a significant three- to four-fold increase in fish abundance relative to a control stream. Although four species (banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus), redfin bullies (Gobiomorphus huttoni), longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) and shortfin eels (Anguilla australis)) were present at both the treatment and control stream sites, the increased fish relative abundance at the treatment site was driven primarily by an increase in ‘young-of-the-year’ banded kokopu. The present study has shown that mussel spat ropes can significantly improve fish relative abundances above severely perched culverts, but may not be effective for all species present. Future use of ropes for evaluating passage efficacy for other species, and for a wider range of barrier situations globally, may greatly extend the application of this cost-effective tool.

scholarly journals Morphological differentiation among migratory fish species from the Paraná River basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucileine de Assumpção ◽  
Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis ◽  
Sergio Makrakis ◽  
Pitágoras Augusto Piana ◽  
Patrícia Sarai da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Maximum Body ◽  
Paraná River Basin

This study characterized the morphological differences among migratory fish species from the Paraná River Basin. A total of 177 adult fish of Leporinus elongatus, Leporinus macrocephalus, Prochilodus lineatus, Salminus brasiliensis, Pimelodus maculatus, Pinirampus pirinampu, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Pterodoras granulosus, and Rhaphiodon vulpinus were sampled in the Canal da Piracema, a fish passage system at Itaipu Dam, Paraná River. The migratory species were analyzed through 22 morphometric measurements and fineness ratio to identify morphological patterns related to swimming performance. Four species groups were indicated by the Cluster analysis: I) R. vulpinus; II) P. corruscans; III) L. macrocephalus, L. elongatus, P. lineatus, P. maculatus, and S. brasiliensis - measurements of head height and anal fin length formed this group; and IV) P. granulosus and P. pirinampu - measurements of maximum body width and caudal peduncle width contributed to form this group. The morphometric variables that most contributed to the distinction were head length and mouth width for groups I and II. The species R. vulpinus and P. granulosus differed from other species, showing fineness ratios of 9.4 and 3.7, respectively. Leporinus elongatus, L. macrocephalus, P. lineatus, P. maculatus, and S. brasiliensis showed significant differences from other species, with ratios ranging from 4.57 to 5.19, indicating that these species may be better swimmers. Long-distance migratory species using the Piracema Canal to ascend upstream areas differed morphologically, morphological characteristics such as a narrow caudal peduncle and maximum body length, besides to the values of the fineness ratio, were essential to differentiate the migratory species.

Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: a new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1590-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Haro ◽  
Theodore Castro-Santos ◽  
John Noreika ◽  
Mufeed Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Alosa Aestivalis ◽  
Few Data

The ability to traverse barriers of high-velocity flow limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, yet very few data exist that quantify this ability. We provide a detailed analysis of sprint swimming ability of six migratory fish species (American shad (Alosa sapidissima), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)) against controlled water velocities of 1.5–4.5 m·s–1 in a large, open-channel flume. Performance was strictly voluntary: no coercive incentives were used to motivate fish to sprint. We used these data to generate models of maximum distance traversed, taking into account effects of flow velocity, body length, and temperature. Although the maximum distance traversed decreased with increasing velocity, the magnitude of this effect varied among species. Other covariate effects were likewise variable, with divergent effects of temperature and nonuniform length effects. These effects do not account for all of the variability in performance, however, and behavioral traits may account for observed interspecific differences. We propose the models be used to develop criteria for fish passage structures, culverts, and breached dams.

scholarly journals 2D-3D integration of hexagonal boron nitride and a high-κ dielectric for ultrafast graphene-based electro-absorption modulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Agarwal ◽  
Bernat Terrés ◽  
Lorenzo Orsini ◽  
Alberto Montanaro ◽  
Vito Sorianello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Device

AbstractElectro-absorption (EA) waveguide-coupled modulators are essential building blocks for on-chip optical communications. Compared to state-of-the-art silicon (Si) devices, graphene-based EA modulators promise smaller footprints, larger temperature stability, cost-effective integration and high speeds. However, combining high speed and large modulation efficiencies in a single graphene-based device has remained elusive so far. In this work, we overcome this fundamental trade-off by demonstrating the 2D-3D dielectric integration in a high-quality encapsulated graphene device. We integrated hafnium oxide (HfO2) and two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) within the insulating section of a double-layer (DL) graphene EA modulator. This combination of materials allows for a high-quality modulator device with high performances: a ~39 GHz bandwidth (BW) with a three-fold increase in modulation efficiency compared to previously reported high-speed modulators. This 2D-3D dielectric integration paves the way to a plethora of electronic and opto-electronic devices with enhanced performance and stability, while expanding the freedom for new device designs.

scholarly journals A description of mercury in fishes from the Madeira River Basin, Amazon, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderley Rodrigues Bastos ◽  
Mauro de Freitas Rebelo ◽  
Márlon de Freitas Fonseca ◽  
Ronaldo de Almeida ◽  
Olaf Malm
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Madeira River ◽  
Interspecies Variability ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Madeira River Basin ◽  
Hg Accumulation

Over the last 20 years several projects carried on the Madeira River basin in the Amazon produced a great amount data on total Hg concentration in different fish species. In this paper we discuss temporal trends in Hg contamination and its relation to body weight in some of those fishes, showing that even within similar groups, such as carnivorous and non-migratory fish, the interspecies variability in Hg accumulation is considerable.

scholarly journals Addressing fish-passage issues at hydropower and irrigation infrastructure projects in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J. Baumgartner ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Tropical Island ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Barrier Effects ◽  
Sumatra Island ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

Development activities threaten the long-term sustainability of tropical floodplain systems. The construction of dams, weirs, irrigation infrastructure and regulators affect connectivity among habitats and can facilitate rapid declines in riverine biota, especially fish. Indonesia is a tropical island country with an abundance of monsoonal rivers. Massive expansions in hydropower and irrigation infrastructure are planned over the next two decades and mitigation measures will be needed to protect migratory fish. Most Indonesian freshwater fish need to migrate among habitats to complete essential life-history stages. So, strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the barrier effects of river infrastructure to ensure the long-term sustainability of river fishes. A common tool used worldwide is the construction of upstream and downstream fish passes. Only two fish passes exist in Indonesia. One at Perjaya Irrigation Dam on the Komering River (Sumatra island) and another on Poso Dam on the Poso River (Sulawesi island). Neither of these structures has been assessed and many other projects are proceeding without considering potential impacts on fisheries. The proposed infrastructure upgrades over the next two decades provide a once-in-a-generation opportunity to ensure that migratory fish are adequately protected into the future.

scholarly journals Comparing on site human and video counts at Igarapava fish ladder, south eastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Bowen ◽  
Simone Marques ◽  
Luiz G. M. Silva ◽  
Volney Vono ◽  
Hugo P. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fish Ladder ◽  
Number Of Individuals

On site human observations and video images were collected and compared at the window of the Igarapava Dam fish ladder (IDFL), rio Grande , Southeastern Brazil, between March 1st and June 30th, 2004. We conducted four experiments with two humans (Observer 1 and Observer 2) observing fish passage in the IDFL window while a Sony 3CCD video camera (Observer 3) recorded fish passage at the same time. Experiments, each one hour in length, were distributed throughout the diel cycle using full spectrum lights. We identified fish species, the number of individuals for each species, and the real time that they passed. Counts from each human observer were compared to the video counts. The fish species most commonly observed in the window were - curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus), piau-três-pintas (Leporinus friderici) and ferreirinha (Leporinus octofasciatus). The number of species and individuals were indistinguishable for the three observers. But, the number of species and individuals were significantly different among experiments. Thus, the three observers register the same number of species and count the same number of individuals even when these two response variables differ significantly among experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the video count was an accurate method to assess fish passage at the IDFL.

scholarly journals Rewiring of glycerol metabolism in Escherichia coli for effective production of recombinant proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Jen Chiang ◽  
Yi-Jing Ho ◽  
Mu-Chen Hu ◽  
Yun-Peng Chao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Glycerol Metabolism ◽  
Related Field

Abstract Background The economic viability of a protein-production process relies highly on the production titer and the price of raw materials. Crude glycerol coming from the production of biodiesel is a renewable and cost-effective resource. However, glycerol is inefficiently utilized by Escherichia coli. Results This issue was addressed by rewiring glycerol metabolism for redistribution of the metabolic flux. Key steps in central metabolism involving the glycerol dissimilation pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were pinpointed and manipulated to provide precursor metabolites and energy. As a result, the engineered E. coli strain displayed a 9- and 30-fold increase in utilization of crude glycerol and production of the target protein, respectively. Conclusions The result indicates that the present method of metabolic engineering is useful and straightforward for efficient adjustment of the flux distribution in glycerol metabolism. The practical application of this methodology in biorefinery and the related field would be acknowledged.

scholarly journals Building on Surface-Active Ionic Liquids for the Rescuing of the Antimalarial Drug Chloroquine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Silva ◽  
Lis Lobo ◽  
Isabel S. Oliveira ◽  
Joana Gomes ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Cost

Ionic liquids derived from classical antimalarials are emerging as a new approach towards the cost-effective rescuing of those drugs. Herein, we disclose novel surface-active ionic liquids derived from chloroquine and natural fatty acids whose antimalarial activity in vitro was found to be superior to that of the parent drug. The most potent ionic liquid was the laurate salt of chloroquine, which presented IC50 values of 4 and 110 nM against a chloroquine-sensitive and a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively, corresponding to an 11- and 6-fold increase in potency as compared to the reference chloroquine bisphosphate salt against the same strains. This unprecedented report opens new perspectives in both the fields of malaria chemotherapy and of surface-active ionic liquids derived from active pharmaceutical ingredients.

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