Negative effects of exotic pine invasion on macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazil coastal ponds

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Stenert ◽  
Roberta C. Bacca ◽  
Aline B. Moraes ◽  
Arthur C. de Ávila ◽  
Leonardo Maltchik
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Pine Invasion

Exotic pine invasion influences native wetland assemblages by changing environmental conditions such as hydrological regime and physicochemical characteristics. The expansion of cultivated pine has been a concern in southern Brazil and its impacts on aquatic biodiversity are poorly known. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) pine invasion decreases aquatic macroinvertebrate richness and abundance, modifying composition and macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups in ponds; and (2) β-diversity between natural and pine ponds is determined mainly by species nestedness. Five ponds in native grassland and five in a pine-planted matrix were sampled seven times from 2007 to 2009. The pine ponds had reduced macroinvertebrate richness and abundance, and different taxa and functional feeding groups. Comparing ponds in natural and cultivated pine areas, β-diversity as determined by nestedness did not differ from the value resulting from the turnover. Reduction of surface in ponds in pine areas may be one of the main causes for the lower macroinvertebrate richness and abundance because many taxa do not have adaptations to tolerate or escape the dry phase. Our results suggest that pine invasion has a negative impact on macroinvertebrate structure in southern Brazil coastal ponds.

Dormant propagule banks of aquatic invertebrates in ponds invaded by exotic pine species in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Stenert ◽  
Bruna Ehlert ◽  
Arthur Cardoso Ávila ◽  
Francisco Diogo Rocha Sousa ◽  
Fernanda Mara Esquinatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Pine Invasion ◽  
Dry Sediments ◽  
Pine Species

Exotic pine invasion affects native wetland communities in the Southern Hemisphere by changing the hydrological regimen and physicochemical characteristics. Studies evaluating the emergence of aquatic invertebrates from dormant stages are vital to identify the resilience of aquatic communities in ponds invaded by exotic pine species. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) pine invasion decreases the richness of drought-resistant aquatic invertebrates in ponds; (2) pine invasion modifies the invertebrate composition in ponds; and (3) these differences in species composition (β diversity) are associated primarily with species turnover. Dry sediment samples were collected from three natural ponds in native grassland and three ponds in a pine invasion matrix in southern Brazil. In all, 7205 invertebrates, primarily represented by cladocerans (18 species), were sampled after rewetting dry sediments. Pine invasion decreased the richness of aquatic invertebrates because the natural ponds had almost 60% more species and a higher number of estimated species than the pine ponds. The composition differed between natural and pine ponds, and this difference in species composition (β diversity) was associated primarily with the replacement of some species by others. The presence of pine appears to alter colonisation and survival rates of aquatic invertebrates that aestivate in dry sediments in southern Brazil wetlands.

scholarly journals Aquatic insect community structure under the influence of small dams in a stream of the Mogi-Guaçu river basin, state of São Paulo

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
HHL Saulino ◽  
JJ Corbi ◽  
S Trivinho-Strixino
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Longitudinal Profile ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Β Diversity

The fragmentation of lotic systems caused by construction of dams has modified many aquatic communities. The objective of this study was to analyse changes in the aquatic insect community structure by discontinuity of habitat created by dams along the Ribeirão das Anhumas, a sub-basin of the Mogi-Guaçu River (state of São Paulo, Brazil). Entomofauna collection was carried out in 10 segments upstream and downstream of five dams along the longitudinal profile of the stream, with a quick sampling method using a D net (mesh 250 mm) with 2 minutes of sampling effort. The insects were sorted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and analysed by the Shannon diversity index, β diversity, richness estimated by rarefaction curves and relative participation of functional feeding groups. The results showed a slight reduction in diversity in the downstream segments, as well as along the longitudinal profile of the stream. However, there were no significant differences in abundance and richness between the upstream and downstream segments, indicating that the dams did not influence these variables. Differences were observed in the functional feeding groups along the longitudinal profile. Predator and gatherer insects were dominant in all segments analysed. The feeding group of shredders was more abundant in the segment DSIII with the participation of Marilia Müller (Odontoceridae – Trichoptera), although we observed a decrease of shredders and scrapers with the decrease of the canopy cover reducing values of β diversity in the continuum of Ribeirão das Anhumas. This result demonstrated the importance of the conservation of the riparian vegetation in order to maintain the integrity of the stream.

Does adding wood to agricultural streams enhance biodiversity? An experimental approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E Lester ◽  
Wendy Wright ◽  
Michelle Jones-Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Agricultural Streams ◽  
Stream Biodiversity ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Communities

Riparian clearing and the removal of wood from channels have affected many streams in agricultural landscapes. As a result, these streams often have depauperate in-stream wood loads, and therefore decreased habitat complexity and lower levels of in-stream biodiversity. The introduction of wood was investigated as a possible rehabilitation technique for agricultural streams. Wood was re-introduced to eight streams in two separate high-rainfall, intensively grazed regions of Victoria, Australia and the effect on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities was measured. The addition of wood increased overall family richness and the richness of most functional feeding groups occupying edge and benthic habitats within the stream. Wood addition led to less overlap between benthic and edge macroinvertebrate communities, suggesting increased habitat heterogeneity within the stream ecosystem. Of all sampled habitats, wood supported the greatest density of families and was colonised by all functional feeding groups. Wood habitats also had the highest overall richness and supported the most taxa that were sensitive to disturbance. These findings suggest that re-introducing wood to agricultural streams is an appropriate rehabilitation technique where those streams are affected by reduced habitat complexity. Additional work is needed to confirm these findings over larger spatial and temporal scales.

Preliminary Results on Aquatic Insects in the Me Linh Station for Biodiversity, Vinh Phuc Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Van Vinh
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Preliminary Results

An intensive field survey on aquatic insects of Me Linh Station for Biodiversity in Vinhphuc province was conducted in December 2015. Specimens were collected at 8 different sites and aquatic insects were collected both quantitatively by Surber net and qualitatively by hand net, pond net. As a result, a total of 110 aquatic insect species belonging to 98 genera, 49 families and 9 orders were recognized. Among these, the order Ephemeroptera had the highest species number with 26 species, followed by Odonata with 25 species, Trichoptera with 18 species, Coleoptera with 15 species, Hemiptera with 11 species, Diptera with 9 species. Lepidoptera, Plecoptera and Megaloptera had the lowest of species number, represented by 3 species of Lepidoptera, 2 species of Plecoptera and 1 species of Megaloptera. Besides, the quantitative analysis results and the functional feeding groups were provided.

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

scholarly journals In the Same Boat, but not Equals: The Heterogeneous Effects of Indirect Taxation on Child Health in Punjab-Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe 2011 National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan revealed that 51% of the country’s population was consuming less than 2,100 calories a day. In the backdrop of rising food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition in Pakistan, this study aims to measure the effects of indirect taxation on health outcomes of children (<5 years). More specifically, the impact of the incidence of General Sales Tax (GST) in the province of Punjab has been estimated on a child’s height and weight. The proponents of the uniform GST argue that the tax would not affect children because most food items consumed by children are exempted from the GST. However, the opponents believe that households, especially those belonging to the lower-income group, would reallocate resources away from children in the face of higher GST. To study these effects, we utilized three different waves (2007–08, 2011 & 2014) of Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys (MICS). The results show that the tax incidence, and not the GST rate, has a significantly negative impact on children’s height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). No effect was found on the weight-for-age-z-score (WAZ). These results are robust to different specifications and exhibit considerable heterogeneity across different income groups. These findings suggest that the exemption of certain food items for children from the GST may not eliminate the negative effects of this tax on a child’s health. Thus, our study raises concerns about the long term welfare consequences of GST.

scholarly journals Transvaginal Hybrid-NOTES procedures—do they have a negative impact on pregnancy and delivery?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Thomaidis ◽  
Niklas J. Weltermann ◽  
Claudia S. Seefeldt ◽  
Dana C. Richards ◽  
Axel Sauerwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Desire For Children ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Hybrid Notes ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Abstract Purpose We conducted a retrospective observational study in order to identify negative effects of NOTES procedures (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) with transvaginal specimen removal on pregnancy and delivery. Methods From the total population of 299 patients in our NOTES registry, we tried to contact the 121 patients who were of reproductive age (≤ 45 years) at the time of a transvaginal NOTES procedure. They were interviewed by telephone regarding their desire for children, post NOTES-operation pregnancies, and type of delivery using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed and compared with current data. Results We were able to contact 76 patients (follow-up rate: 62.8%) with a median follow-up of 77 months after surgery (33–129 months). Twenty of 74 participating patients had a desire for children (27.0%). One of them and another's male partner were diagnosed as infertile. Regarding the remaining 18 patients, 14 became pregnant, and three of them became pregnant twice. Considering these 17 pregnancies, there was one miscarriage (5.9%) and one twin birth (5.9%). On average, childbirth occurred 44 months after the NOTES procedure. With regard to the type of delivery, 10 vaginal births (58.8%) and 7 caesarean sections (41.2%) occurred. Thus, the rate of fulfilled desire for children was 77.8%. Compared with the literature, no difference to the normal course could be detected. Conclusion There is no sign that the transvaginal approach in Hybrid-NOTES, with removal of the specimen through the vagina, has a negative effect on conception, the course during pregnancy, or the type of delivery.

Probiotic Greek yogurt: effect of the addition of prebiotic fat substitutes on the physicochemical characteristics, probiotic survival, and sensory acceptance

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Sofia Sestito Dias ◽  
Damarys de Souza Vergílio ◽  
Arthur Marroni Pereira ◽  
Suellen Jensen Klososki ◽  
Vanessa Aparecida Marcolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fat Substitutes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this research communication we evaluate the impact of the addition of prebiotic components (inulin, polydextrose, and modified starch, 40 g/l) as fat substitutes on the physicochemical characteristics, probiotic survival, and sensory acceptance of probiotic (Lacticaseibacillus casei 01, 108 CFU/ml) Greek yogurts during storage (7 °C, 28 d). All formulations had probiotic counts higher than 107 CFU/ml during storage and simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC). The prebiotic components increased the probiotic survival to the enteric phase of the SGIC, with inulin producing the most pronounced effect. Inulin addition resulted in products with lower pH values and consistency and higher titratable acidity during storage, with negative impact on the sensory acceptance (flavor, texture, and overall impression) at the end of the storage period. Modified starch addition impacted negatively on the acceptance of the products (appearance, flavor, texture, and overall impression). Polydextrose addition resulted in products with lower consistency, but similar sensory acceptance to the full-fat yogurt. It can be concluded that it is possible to prepare potentially synbiotic Greek yogurts by desorption technique using L. casei as probiotic culture and inulin, polydextrose or modified starch as prebiotic components, with the utilization of polydextrose being advisable.

scholarly journals Variations in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities and Biological Quality in the Aguarico and Coca River Basins in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1692
Author(s):  
Santiago Cabrera ◽  
Marie Anne Eurie Forio ◽  
Koen Lock ◽  
Marte Vandenbroucke ◽  
Tania Oña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Functional Feeding Groups ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Tropical Aquatic Ecosystems

Adequate environmental management in tropical aquatic ecosystems is imperative. Given the lack of knowledge about functional diversity and bioassessment programs, management is missing the needed evidence on pollution and its effect on biodiversity and functional ecology. Therefore, we investigated the composition and distribution of the macroinvertebrate community along two rivers. Specifically, 15 locations were sampled in the Coca and Aguarico Rivers (Ecuadorian Amazon) and the macroinvertebrates were used to indicate water quality (WQ), expressed as the Biological Monitoring Working Party Colombia (BMWP-Col) classes. Results indicate that elevation, pH, temperature, width, and water depth played an important role in the taxa and functional feeding groups (FFG) composition. The results show that diversity of taxa and FFG were generally scarce but were more abundant in good quality sites. Collector-gathers (CG) were, in general, dominant and were particularly abundant at low WQ and downstream sites. Scrapers (SC) were the second most abundant group, dominating mostly at good WQ and upstream sites. Predators (PR) were homogeneously distributed among the sites, without clear dominance, and their abundance was slightly higher in sites with medium-low WQ and downstream sites. Lastly, both shredders (SH) and collector-filterers (CF) were almost absent and were more abundant in good quality sites. The findings of this research can be used as baseline information in the studied region since a dam was constructed two years after the sampling campaign, which has been operating since. Furthermore, the results can be used to fill the knowledge gaps related to the bioassessments of other similar systems, particularly for a tropical rainforest.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Newly Developed Extruded Products Supplemented with Plants in a Form of Microwave-Expanded Snacks

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2791
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lisiecka ◽  
Agnieszka Wójtowicz ◽  
Marek Gancarz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extrusion Cooking ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Extruded Products

The following research focuses on the possibility of applying fresh plant material as a carrot pulp to supplement newly developed extruded products in the form of pellets and microwave-expanded snacks. Fresh carrot pulp, as a valuable vegetable ingredient, was used in the amount of 2.5 g/100 g to 30.0 g/100 g in a potato-based recipe. The snack pellets were processed via extrusion-cooking, using a single-screw extruder with a plasticizing unit L/D = 18, and the use of variable screw speeds. The produced pellets underwent microwave expansion to limit the fat content, so as to produce ready-to-eat (RTE) snacks. The pellets and snacks were tested for nutritional value, as well as for selected quality features: physical properties, structure, pasting characteristics, and texture profile, and PCA analysis and a correlation matrix were performed on the obtained results. Microwave expansion of pellets increased the total phenolic content, the antioxidant activity, water absorption index and lightness of snacks, but decreased the bulk density and setback values of the expanded products when compared to pellets. Generally, we found that it was possible to use up to 30.0 g/100 g of fresh carrot pulp with a positive effect on nutritional value, and without negative effects on the physical properties of extruded products. Both the extrusion-cooking and microwave expansion can minimize the negative impact on plant materials, due to the short processing time.

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