Reproductive biology of wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, from the Atlantic coast of Florida and the Bahamas

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L. Maki Jenkins ◽  
Richard S. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Reproductive Seasonality ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Spawning Frequency ◽  
History Information ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Despite its economic importance to many coastal nations, assessments of wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, are hampered by a lack of basic life history information. In this study, wahoo were collected from Florida’s Atlantic coast and the northern Bahamas during 1997–2006 to examine reproductive seasonality, maturation, spawning frequency and fecundity. These samples demonstrated only a single, summer-spawning season, which did not support earlier postulations of spring spawning by wahoo near the Bahamas. The size and age at 50% female maturity were 925 mm fork length and 0.64 years, respectively. Spawning frequency was, on average, every 5 days during June–August, but 13% of mature females were inactive during this period. Batch fecundity was positively correlated with fish size, and varied between 0.44 and 1.67 million eggs. Parasites, previously unreported to occur in wahoo gonads and identified only as philometrid nematodes, were evident in 11% of these females. Most parasitised fish had vitellogenic oocytes, several even with oocytes with migrating nuclei or post-ovulatory follicles, so these parasitised fish were capable of spawning. Although wahoo have been noted to have relatively small gonads, and parasites are often found in female gonads, annual fecundity estimates are of the order of 10–100 million eggs. The significant contribution of older, larger females to egg production should be considered in managing this fishery.

Age, growth, and mortality of wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, from the Atlantic coast of Florida and the Bahamas

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. McBride ◽  
Adam K. Richardson ◽  
Kristin L. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The 1960S

Wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, constitute an economically important fishery for many coastal nations, but assessment of this living marine resource is hampered by a lack of basic life history information. The present study demonstrates that wahoo in the western North Atlantic Ocean are short lived, grow rapidly in their first year, achieve a very large size, and have high mortality rates. The largest individuals were female and the sex ratio was significantly female-biased (298 females: 223 males: 54 unknown sex). An edge analysis showed that annuli formed primarily during winter–spring, which supported the use of sectioned otoliths for ageing wahoo. Wahoo lived a median of 1.3 years, a mean of 1.8 years, and a maximum of 9.3 years (n = 469). They had a high instantaneous mortality rate (Z = 0.98), and they grew rapidly and to a large size; von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L∞ = 1701 mm fork length (FL), K = 0.381, to = –1.63. Females had a very similar maximum age relative to males (maximum age 9.3 v. age 9.1 years), and they had a slightly, but not significantly, lower mortality (Z = 0.91 v. 1.1) than males. Females grew slightly, although not significantly, larger than males (L∞ = 1797 v. 1555 mm FL, maximum observed = 1804 v. 1585 mm FL). Presumably the piscivorous nature of wahoo feeding, as noted by others, fuels these fast growth rates. Comparative data are very limited but it appears that the survival rate of wahoo in the western Atlantic Ocean is not different now than in the 1960s.

scholarly journals DOMINANCE AND EPISTASIS IN HETEROSIS OF WHITE LEGHORN STRAIN CROSSES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. FAIRFULL ◽  
R. S. GOWE ◽  
J. NAGAI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Better Than

Four unrelated pure strains of White Leghorns including a grandparent strain from industry and 12 two-strain, 24 three-strain, 24 four-strain and 12 F2 strain crosses produced contemporaneously were used to examine the role of dominance and epistasis in heterosis. A control strain and a commercial strain were also included. For egg weight, the heterosis observed closely approximated that expected due to dominance alone. For sexual maturity and body weight, dominance was the major component of heterosis, but epistasis made a significant contribution — additive by additive (A × A) genetic effects for sexual maturity and 140-d body weight, and parental epistasis for mature body weight. Both dominance and epistasis played a significant role in heterosis for egg production traits. A × A, dominance by dominance (D × D) and additive by dominance (A × D) epistasis were all important for hen-housed egg production and hen-housed egg yield. For hen-day rate of egg production, A × A epistasis was significant only early in the laying year (to 273 d), A × D and D × D were significant to 385 d and in the full year (to 497 d); however, none (A × A, A × D and D × D) was significant near the end of lay (386–497 d). Overall heterosis estimates for full year egg production measured as hen-housed egg production to 497 d or hen-day rate from housing to 497 d clearly showed that on average two-strain crosses were superior to three-strain crosses which were superior to four-strain crosses which in turn exceeded the F2 crosses. Nevertheless, several three-strain crosses had performance for egg production that was equal to or better than the two-strain cross with the highest egg production. Thus, in commerce, where the level of egg production is of great economic importance, the testing and use of a specific three-way cross combination will usually result in a better commercial product. Key words: Heterosis, egg production genetics, epistasis, stocking rate, strain cross, White Leghorn

Seasonality, sex ratio, spawning frequency and sexual maturity of the opakapaka Pristipomoides filamentosus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from the Main Hawaiian Islands: fundamental input to size-at-retention regulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan A. Luers ◽  
Edward E. DeMartini ◽  
Robert L. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Median Length ◽  
Spawning Frequency ◽  
Stock Status ◽  
Body Sizes

The crimson jobfish Pristipomoides filamentosus (locally known as ‘opakapaka’ in Hawaii) is a deep-water eteline lutjanid that supports important commercial and recreational fisheries in Hawaii and throughout much of the Indo-Pacific region. It is one of the most commonly caught species of the ‘Deep-7’ bottomfish species complex in the commercial bottomfish fishery of Hawaii. However, there are currently no validated estimates of median body sizes at sexual maturity that can be used in a comprehensive evaluation of the species’ stock status within Hawaiian bottomfish fisheries. Herein we provide size-at-maturity estimates for the species in the main Hawaiian Islands: median length at maturity of 40.7-cm fork length (FL; 95% confidence interval (CI) 40.3–41.2cm) for females and 34.3cm FL (95% CI 33.3–35.3cm) for males, with respective equivalent median weight-at-maturity estimates of ~1.17 and ~0.70kg (2.58 and 1.55 lb). We suggest these newly available data be seriously considered in any future evaluations of minimum size regulations, currently set at ~0.45kg (1 lb) regardless of sex, for the species’ fisheries in Hawaii.

scholarly journals Estimates of batch fecundity and spawning fraction for the southern stock of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in ICES Division IXa

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Gonçalves ◽  
Ana Maria Costa ◽  
Alberto G. Murta
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Horse Mackerel ◽  
Batch Fecundity ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Female Total ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

Abstract Gonçalves, P., Costa, A. M., and Murta, A. G. 2009. Estimates of batch fecundity, and spawning fraction for the southern stock of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in ICES Division IXa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 617–622. Since 1995 the annual egg production method has been applied triennially to the southern stock of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Northeast Atlantic (ICES Division IXa). This method assumes that fecundity is determinate, but increasing evidence indicates that horse mackerel are indeterminate spawners. The daily egg production method (DEPM) does not rely on the assumption of determinate fecundity, making it the appropriate method for this species. Therefore, we reanalysed samples collected from previous surveys (2002, 2004, 2005, and 2007) to obtain estimates for batch fecundity and spawning fraction, which are important DEPM parameters. The estimates of batch fecundity are around 200 oocytes g−1 of female (total ovary-free weight). Several criteria were used to estimate spawning fraction (migratory nucleus stage, hydrated oocytes, and post-ovulatory follicles) and all showed the same trend among years, varying between 0.10 and 0.30 d−1. The estimates were significantly different among methods, but those differences were similar across surveys, indicating that a consistent bias would be reflected in the final spawning-stock biomass (SSB) estimates obtained from the DEPM. Until further information is available regarding the accuracy of the criteria used to estimate spawning fraction, the southern horse mackerel SSB estimates from the DEPM should only be taken as indicative of trends rather than measures of absolute abundance.

Reproductive characteristics and per-recruit analyses of blue warehou (Seriolella brama): implications for the South East Fishery of Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Knuckey ◽  
K. P. Sivakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Trawl Fishing

Monthly samples of commercial catches of S. brama were collected between May 1996 and December 1997 in three regions of the fishery:off the east coast of Victoria; eastern Tasmania; and western Bass Strait. Sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, macroscopic and histological development, size at maturity and fecundity were estimated and combined with data on growth and mortality to perform per-recruit analyses. The main spawning period was during winter–spring and there was evidence of spawning in each of the three regions. Blue warehou reach maturity at 30–40 cm fork length. They have a determinate annual fecundity and spawn around three batches of eggs during a season. Eggs-per-recruit analyses revealed maximum egg production at ~40 cm (4–5 years) in an unfished population. Gill-net fishing, which targets fish >45 cm, was less likely to affect the relative eggs-per-recruit in a population than trawl fishing, which catches a wider range of smaller fish. These results are discussed in light of the current management arrangements in the fishery and will be used in models to assess the effect of fishing on the long-term sustainability of the blue warehou.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS TELUR INDUK BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BAHAN PENGKAYA PADA PAKAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Marzuqi ◽  
Retno Andamari ◽  
Ni Wayan Widia Astuti ◽  
Wawan Andriyanto ◽  
Nyoman Adiasmara Giri
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spawning Frequency

Pakan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap performa reproduksi induk ikan bandeng. Ketersediaan pelet komersial yang spesifik untuk pemeliharaan induk bandeng hingga kini belum ada sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan pakan untuk menghasilkan performa reproduksi yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas telur induk bandeng melalui aplikasi bahan pengkaya pada pakan. Penelitian dilakukan di unit pembenihan skala lengkap Desa Banyupoh dan Desa Sanggalangit, Bali Utara. Jumlah induk yang digunakan adalah 165 ekor yang dipelihara dalam dua buah bak volume 100 m3 (di Desa Banyupoh) dan 100 ekor yang dipelihara dalam dua buah bak volume 100 m3 (di Desa Sanggalangit). Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah pakan komersial dengan penambahan bahan pengkaya (pakan uji) dan tanpa penambahan bahan pengkaya pakan (pakan kontrol). Bahan pengkaya berupa emulsi yang terdiri atas lesitin, minyak cumi, minyak ikan, minyak jagung, vitamin E, dan vitamin C yang dicampur dalam pakan dengan dosis sebesar 120 g/kg pakan. Pakan diberikan secara at-satiation dengan frekuensi 2-3 kali sehari. Penelitian berlangsung selama 10 bulan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi frekuensi pemijahan, produksi, dan kualitas telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahan pengkaya dalam pakan mampu meningkatkan frekuensi pemijahan induk dengan rerata sebanyak lima kali/bulan di unit pembenihan skala lengkap Desa Banyupoh dan empat kali/bulan di unit pembenihan skala lengkap Desa Sanggalangit, serta dapat meningkatkan produksi telur masing-masing sebesar 102% dan 56% dibandingkan pakan kontrol. Teknik penambahan bahan pengkaya pada pakan dapat diterapkan pada pemeliharaan induk bandeng untuk mendukung produksi telur dan frekuensi pemijahan yang baik.Feed is one of the factors affecting the reproduction performance of milkfish broodstock. Hatcheries use mostly commercial pellets to feed broodstock despite that it is not a natural feed for milkfish. Thus, the food has to be enriched to maintain or improve the spawning performance of milkfish broodstock. The purpose of this study was to improve spawning performance of milkfish broodstock through the application of enriched-formulation feed. The study was conducted at two milkfish hatcheries in Banyupoh and Sanggalangit villages, North Bali. The number of broodstock used at Banyupoh village hatchery were 165 ind reared in two 100 m3concrete tanks. In the hatchery at Sanggalangit Village, 100 fish were reared in two 100 m3 concrete tanks. The feed enrichment formulation used a mixture of lecithin, squid oil, fish oil, corn oil, vitamin E, and vitamin C. The feed enrichment formulation was prepared in emulsion form and mixed with 120 g/kg dosage of feed. As a control, the feed used was without enrichment formulation. The feeding frequency was 2-3 times per day to satiation. The experiment was carried out for 10 months. The parameters observed included egg production, egg quality and spawning frequency. The results showed that the enriched feed had increased the spawning frequency of broodstock up to five times/month at the hatchery in Banyupoh and four times/month at Sanggalangit hatchery. Egg production also had increased to 102% (Banyupoh) and 56% (Sanggalangit) compared to the control feed. This feed enrichment formulation has the potential in broodstock milkfish rearing to improve the egg production and spawning frequency.

scholarly journals Queen triggerfish Balistes vetula: Validation of otolith-based age, growth, and longevity estimates via application of bomb radiocarbon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262281
Author(s):  
Virginia R. Shervette ◽  
Jesús M. Rivera Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Age Estimates

Ensuring the accuracy of age estimation in fisheries science through validation is an essential step in managing species for long-term sustainable harvest. The current study used Δ14 C in direct validation of age estimation for queen triggerfish Balistes vetula and conclusively documented that triggerfish sagittal otoliths provide more accurate and precise age estimates relative to dorsal spines. Caribbean fish samples (n = 2045) ranged in size from 67–473 mm fork length (FL); 23 fish from waters of the southeastern U.S. (SEUS) Atlantic coast ranged in size from 355–525 mm FL. Otolith-based age estimates from Caribbean fish range from 0–23 y, dorsal spine-based age estimates ranged from 1–14 y. Otolith-based age estimates for fish from the SEUS ranged from 8–40 y. Growth function estimates from otoliths in the current study (L∞ = 444, K = 0.13, t0 = -1.12) differed from spined-derived estimates in the literature. Our work indicates that previously reported maximum ages for Balistes species based on spine-derived age estimates may underestimate longevity of these species since queen triggerfish otolith-based ageing extended maximum known age for the species by nearly three-fold (14 y from spines versus 40 y from otoliths). Future research seeking to document age and growth population parameters of Balistes species should strongly consider incorporating otolith-based ageing in the research design.

scholarly journals Atlantic mackerel daily spawning dynamics and implications for batch fecundity estimations

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1647-1654
Author(s):  
K Ganias ◽  
D Marmara ◽  
A Solla ◽  
D Garabana ◽  
R Dominguez-Petit
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Batch Fecundity ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
Spawning Frequency ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Daily Spawning

Abstract The present study contributes to a better understanding of the daily spawning dynamics of southern NEA mackerel (Scomber scombrus) with implications for the estimation of batch fecundity. It shows that there is a time window during the day, mainly in the afternoon, during which the advanced oocyte mode in imminent spawners separates from the remaining, smaller oocytes. This synchronicity in the separation of the spawning batch amongst imminent spawners corroborates evidence for the existence of daily spawning synchronicity in the population. This is particularly important for applications of the daily egg production method, DEPM, because such pattern facilitates both the ageing of eggs for the estimation of the daily egg production at sea and the ageing of postovulatory follicles for the estimation of spawning frequency. For NEA mackerel, batch fecundity could only be measured when a clear hiatus was established between the spawning batch and the smaller oocytes. Hydrated females that do not show such hiatus would not be valid for batch fecundity measurements suggesting that the “hydrated oocytes method” is not fully applicable for this stock. Knowing the time of day at which the batch is separated, will facilitate the sampling of valid females for the estimation of batch fecundity.

The Effects of Final Treated Effluent and In-Mill Waste Streams from a Canadian Thermomechanical Pulp and Paper Mill on Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) Reproduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thijs Bosker ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Kelly R. Munkittrick ◽  
Steven D. Melvin ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Gonad Size ◽  
Mill Waste

Abstract The effect on fish reproduction of final treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp mill in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was studied using mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an endemic fish species of the Atlantic coast of North America. A 1997 artificial stream study at the same mill showed a reduction in gonad sizes in mummichog after a 28-day exposure to 3% final treated effluent. In 2005, we reevaluated final treated effluent, and conducted a toxicity source evaluation to identity waste stream sources within the mill that may cause reproductive effects. Relative to reference, no significant differences in gonad size, plasma levels of gonadal sex steroids, egg production, or stage of egg development were observed in fish exposed to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% final treated effluent or in-mill waste streams. Unlike the previous study in 1997, these data indicate a low potential for an effect of final effluent on fish reproduction. Since the 1997 study there were no major process changes that could explain the differences in the results. However, there was high variability in gonad size, egg production, and endocrine endpoints measured in the more recent test, which resulted in low power to detect differences. This has prompted research to refine the current reproductive test by optimizing study design.

A new ageing method for eggs of fish species with daily spawning synchronicity

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2330-2340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bernal ◽  
D L Borchers ◽  
L Valdés ◽  
A Lago de Lanzós ◽  
S T Buckland
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Spawning Frequency ◽  
Resampling Method ◽  
Daily Spawning ◽  
Ageing Methods

A new method for ageing staged eggs of fish is presented. The method is intended for species that show spawning synchronicity and for which the egg phase can be classified into development stages, each of which lasts less than a day, such as sardines and anchovies. It combines biological information on the daily frequency of spawning and egg development rates, via a probabilistic resampling method. A general methodology that allows the use of models of daily spawning frequency and egg development as a function of temperature is provided and applied to sardine egg data from three surveys in northern Spain. Unlike previous ageing methods, the proposed method allows for the variability of egg ages in a way that reflects the extent of the assumed daily spawning period, and estimates of the uncertainty in the stage-to-age conversion can be obtained. These estimates of uncertainty can be incorporated into subsequent analyses that involve age as a covariate, such as in the daily egg production method (DEPM), thus allowing more reliable estimates of the variance of egg production.

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