Seasonal nitrogen dynamics in a seepage lake receiving high nitrogen loads

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Piña-Ochoa ◽  
Miguel Álvarez-Cobelas
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seepage Lake ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

Studies on nitrogen dynamics in seepage lakes are seldom undertaken, yet our understanding of the complex pattern of the nitrogen (N) cycle is complicated by its temporal and spatial heterogeneity. This research investigated temporal variation in N concentration, considering different forms of N (NO3–, NO2–, NH4+, dissolved organic N, particulate organic N) in a Spanish flowthrough seepage lake (Colgada Lake) receiving high N loads. The study was based on monthly data collected over the period 2003–2005 from lake inputs and outputs, vertical profiles at a single representative site in the middle of the lake and fluxes of NH4+ and NO3– at the sediment–water interface. The distribution of total N (TN) inputs and outputs did not follow a clear temporal pattern. TN inputs varied from 27.70 to 125 tonnes N month–1, 75–84% of which is NO3–. Temporal variation of concentration profiles for different N forms measured showed significant differences owing to stratification. Ammonium always entered the sediment, whereas sediments acted as either a sink or source of NO3–. Fluctuation in N dynamics in this lake was more influenced by external factors, such as the input variability, than by the turnover of nitrogenous substances in the water body. Comparing seasonal N dynamics, there seems to be temporal differences between seepage lakes and drainage lakes. In seepage lakes, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) peaks were reached in early spring and after overturn, whereas in drainage lakes, the autumn minimum gradually increased to maxima in late winter and during the stratification period.

Characteristics of Non-Point Source N Export via Surface Runoff from Sloping Croplands in Northeast China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2302-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiang Wang ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N

A field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of non-point source nitrogen (N) in the surface runoff from sloping croplands and the influences of rainfall and cropland slope gradient. The results showed that dissolved total N (DTN) was the major form of N in the runoff, and the proportion occupied by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 45% to 85%. The level of NH4+-N was generally higher than the level of NO3--N, and averaged at 2.50 mg·L-1and 1.07 mg·L-1respectively. DIN was positively correlated with DTN (R2=0.962). Dissolved organic N (DON) presented a moderate seasonal change and averaged at 1.40 mg·L-1. Rainfall amount and rainfall intensity significantly affected the components of DTN in the runoff. With the increase of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, the concentrations of DTN, NH4+-N and NO3--N presented a decreased trend, while the concentration of DON showed an increased trend. N loss went up with an increase in the gradient of sloping cropland, and was less when the duration was longer from the time of N fertilization.fertilization.

Rapid determinations of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in soil leachate using mid-infrared spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
X.M. Yang ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
M. Reeb ◽  
T. Oloya
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Leachate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen

Mid-infrared spectroscopy in the transmission mode was used to predict inorganic nitrogen (N), organic N, and total N in soil leachate. The developed predictions were accurate and robust for total N, NH4+, NO3−, inorganic N (NH4+ + NO3−), and organic N (total N − inorganic N) with high determination coefficients (R2 = 96.7 − 99.0) and residual prediction deviation (RPD = 5.47 − 9.96). The proposed method simultaneously estimates the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen species in soil leachates accurately and with significant savings in time, cost, and chemicals relevant to conventional methods.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11311-11335 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Source

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a nitrogen (N) source for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3–) and (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3– and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3– and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50 % of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3– did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3– uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic nitrogen.

scholarly journals Studies of the influences of different N fertilizers and Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer on the nutrient content of soil

2010 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Andrea Balla Kovács ◽  
Anita Szabó ◽  
Emese Bartáné Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Measurements

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers in combination with bacterial fertilizer onnutrient uptake of horseradish and plant available nutrients of the soil. Three different N fertilizers, ammonium-nitrate, urea and calciumnitrate(116 kg ha-1 N) in combination with Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer (2 kg ha-1) were applied as treatments in a randomizedcomplete block design in three replications. In this paper we presented the results of soil measurements. The soil of the experimental areawas chernozem with medium sufficiency level of N and P and poor level of K.Our main results:The amount of 0.01M CaCl2 soluble inorganic nitrogen fractions, NO3--N and NH4+-N and also the quantity of soluble organic-N werealmost the same in the soil. N fertilizers significantly increased all the soluble N fractions. The amount of NO3--N increased to the greatestextent and the increase of organic N was the slightest. We measured the largest CaCl2 soluble NO3- -N and total-N contents in the plotstreated with ammonium-nitrate, the largest NH4+-N in the plots treated with calcium-nitrate and the largest organic-N fraction in plotstreated with urea.Bacterial inoculation also increased both soluble inorganic nitrogen forms and also total-N content of soil compared to the control. Inthe case of combined (artificial and bacterial fertilizer) treatments we measured lower NO3--N, organic-N and total-N compared to thevalues of plots having only nitrogen fertilizer treatments. On the contrary in the plots with combined treatments the CaCl2 soluble NH4+-Ncontent of soil in more cases were higher than that of values with artificial fertilizer treatment.As a function of calcium-nitrate application increased AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values were measured compared to control. MicrobionUNC supplement of calcium nitrate yielded also increase in AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values, till then supplement of ammonium-nitrate fertilizeryielded a decrease in these values compared to the control.All nitrogen fertilizers resulted in a significant decrease in AL-Mg content of soil compared to the control. Nevertheless bacterialfertilizer increased AL-Mg values in any cases.

The nitrogen budget of a hybrid poplar plantation in Minnesota

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1818-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Updegraff ◽  
Donald R. Zak ◽  
David F. Grigal
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
N Budget ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Aboveground Tree Biomass

The nitrogen (N) dynamics within short-rotation intensive-culture forest plantations are poorly understood. We developed a N budget for a 3-year-old hybrid poplar plantation under short-rotation intensive-culture management in northwestern Minnesota. Measured pools and fluxes of N included plant content, atmospheric input, litter fall, microbial biomass, mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification. Total aboveground tree biomass represented only 1.6% of the total N capital. Stable soil organic N was the largest pool, 5670 kg N•ha−1, and constituted 93% of all N within the site. Labile soil organic N and microbial N represented 5.6 and 1.6% of stable soil organic N, respectively. Nitrogen mineralization averaged 56 kg N•ha−1•year−1, and 66% of that production was oxidized to NO3−. Losses of N by denitrification and leaching were small compared with the magnitude of the other fluxes. Results suggest that a relatively high rate of plant uptake and production maintained NH4+ and NO3− pools at low levels, minimizing N exports to the atmosphere and groundwater.

scholarly journals Impacts of Labile Organic Carbon Concentration on Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Utilization by a Stream Biofilm Bacterial Community

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 7130-7141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchismita Ghosh ◽  
Laura G. Leff
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
N Source ◽  
Algal Exudate

ABSTRACTIn aquatic ecosystems, carbon (C) availability strongly influences nitrogen (N) dynamics. One manifestation of this linkage is the importance in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), which can serve as both a C and an N source, yet our knowledge of how specific properties of DOM influence N dynamics are limited. To empirically examine the impact of labile DOM on the responses of bacteria to DON and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), bacterial abundance and community composition were examined in controlled laboratory microcosms subjected to various combinations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DON, and DIN treatments. Bacterial communities that had colonized glass beads incubated in a stream were treated with various glucose concentrations and combinations of inorganic and organic N (derived from algal exudate, bacterial protein, and humic matter). The results revealed a strong influence of C availability on bacterial utilization of DON and DIN, with preferential uptake of DON under low C concentrations. Bacterial DON uptake was affected by the concentration and by its chemical nature (labile versus recalcitrant). Labile organic N sources (algal exudate and bacterial protein) were utilized equally well as DIN as an N source, but this was not the case for the recalcitrant humic matter DON treatment. Clear differences in bacterial community composition among treatments were observed based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of 16S rRNA genes. C, DIN, and DON treatments likely drove changes in bacterial community composition that in turn affected the rates of DON and DIN utilization under various C concentrations.

scholarly journals Organic and inorganic nitrogen leaching from incubated soils subjected to freeze-thaw and flooding conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Wang ◽  
J. R. Bettany
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
The Impact

Freeze-thaw and flooding of usually well-drained soils occur in the spring in the prairie and boreal regions of Canada. We studied the impact of these conditions on nitrogen leaching in a Black Chernozemic soil (Udic Boroll). Soil samples, subjected to different treatments, were incubated for 12 wk in the laboratory and leached every 2 wk with 0.001 M CaCl2 solution. The cumulative leaching loss of total N (mg kg−1 soil) was reduced by freeze-thaw (76.0), flooding (41.4) and a superimposition of the two treatments (28.8) compared to the control (109). All treatments affected the distribution of the forms of N leached. The total loss of water soluble organic N (SON) and ammonium-N was in the order of flooded > flooded-freeze-thaw > freeze-thaw = control. In the leachates from the flooded treatments, SON accounted for 71.5–77.4% of the total N leached. Nitrate- and nitrite-N dominated the total leachable N in the unflooded treatments following an order of control > freeze-thaw > flooded = flooded-freeze-thaw. During the incubation, the Eh of the flooded soils decreased from 344 to −46 mV, compared to a variation in Eh from 355 to 301 mV for the unflooded soils. The maximum rate of leaching of organic nitrogen from the flooded treatment (0.53 mg N kg−1 d−1) coincided with a sharp decrease in Eh, from 131 to 42 mV. It is concluded that climatic events will have a significant impact on the dynamics of soil nitrogen. Flooding, in particular, may promote the loss of N in water soluble organic matter. Key words: Flooding, freeze-thaw, organic and inorganic nitrogen leaching, redox potential

scholarly journals Organic nitrogen in precipitation across Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 8093-8109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Cape ◽  
Y. S. Tang ◽  
J. González-Benítez ◽  
M. Mitošinková ◽  
U. Makkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract. Measurements of total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation samples from NitroEurope sites across Europe permit the calculation of organic nitrogen concentrations and wet deposition, by difference. The contribution of organic N to total N in precipitation ranged from only a few % to around 40% across sites from Northern Finland to Italy, similar to results from previous individual studies. This paper presents the absolute and relative contributions of organic N to wet N deposition across Europe, and examines seasonal trends. There were only weak correlations with other solutes in precipitation. These simple statistics indicate that sources of organic N in precipitation vary across Europe, and that no single source is responsible. The organic N contributes to total N deposition, yet this input is rarely quantified in nitrogen budgets.

scholarly journals Interactions between uptake of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen in wheat plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gioseffi ◽  
A. de Neergaard ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Uptake Rates

Abstract. Soil-borne amino acids may constitute a source of nitrogen (N) for plants in various terrestrial ecosystems but their importance for total N nutrition is unclear, particularly in nutrient-rich arable soils. One reason for this uncertainty is lack of information on how the absorption of amino acids by plant roots is affected by the simultaneous presence of inorganic N forms. The objective of the present study was to study absorption of glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Gln) by wheat roots and their interactions with nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) during uptake. The underlying hypothesis was that amino acids, when present in nutrient solution together with inorganic N, may lead to down-regulation of the inorganic N uptake, thereby resulting in similar total N uptake rates. Amino acids were enriched with double-labelled 15N and 13C, while NO3− and NH4+ acquisition was determined by their rate of removal from the nutrient solution surrounding the roots. The uptake rates of NO3− and NH4+ did not differ from each other and were generally about twice as high as the uptake rate of organic N when the different N forms were supplied separately in concentrations of 2 mM. Nevertheless, replacement of 50% of the inorganic N with organic N was able to restore the N uptake to the same level as that in the presence of only inorganic N. Co-provision of NO3− did not affect glycine uptake, while the presence of glycine down-regulated NO3− uptake. The ratio between 13C and 15N were lower in shoots than in roots and also lower than the theoretical values, reflecting higher C losses via respiratory processes compared to N losses. It is concluded that organic N can constitute a significant N-source for wheat plants and that there is an interaction between the uptake of inorganic and organic N.

scholarly journals Organic nitrogen in precipitation across Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4401-4409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Cape ◽  
Y. S. Tang ◽  
J. M. González-Beníez ◽  
M. Mitošinková ◽  
U. Makkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Abstract. Measurements of total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation samples from NitroEurope sites across Europe permit the calculation of organic nitrogen concentrations and wet deposition, by difference. The contribution of organic N to total N in precipitation ranged from only a few % to around 40% across 18 sites from northern Finland to Italy, similar to results from previous individual studies. This paper presents the absolute and relative contributions of organic N to wet N deposition across Europe, and examines seasonal trends. There were only weak correlations with other solutes in precipitation. These simple statistics indicate that sources of organic N in precipitation vary across Europe, and that no single source is responsible. The organic N contributes to total N deposition, yet this input is rarely quantified in nitrogen budgets.

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