First observations of young of the year and juvenile great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) scavenging from a whale carcass

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Dicken
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Great White Shark ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Insight Into

Observations of great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) scavenging from cetacean carcasses are rare and have only been reported in the scientific literature for large (>3.5 m total length (TL)) individuals. Between 13 October and 25 November 2006, young of the year and juvenile great white sharks were observed scavenging from the carcass of a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Algoa Bay, South Africa. Although more than one shark scavenged from the carcass, simultaneous feeding was not observed. The sharks showed a clear preference for soft tissue at sites along the mouth of the carcass. Protective ocular rotation was rarely observed and none of the sharks exhibited palatoquadrate protrusion while feeding. These observations provide a new insight into the foraging behaviour of young of the year and juvenile great white sharks. The prevalence of small great white sharks (1.5 m TL) and the absence of any individuals greater than 3.65 m TL suggest that Algoa Bay may function as a nursery area for great white sharks in South Africa. This information is crucial not only to improve our understanding of great white shark biology, but also for their long-term management and conservation in South Africa.

Surveys of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) off bathing beaches in Algoa Bay, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Dicken ◽  
A. J. Booth
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
White Shark ◽  
Hurdle Model ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Management And Conservation

The present study provides information on the existence of a possible inshore nursery area for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in Algoa Bay, South Africa. In total, 43 flights were conducted, using a Robinson R22 helicopter, between October 2010 and March 2012. A total of 50 white sharks was sighted, with a maximum sighting rate of seven sharks per hour in October 2010. The majority (96.0%) of sharks observed were less than 2.5 m in length, immature and sighted between October and March (98.0%). A hurdle model, comprising a logistic regression to model presence–absence and a log-normal generalised linear model for abundance showed that water temperature and barometric pressure explained the sightings of sharks, peaking in mid-December. The sighting of sharks was best explained by barometric pressure, month and year. A total of 58 white shark catches was recorded from key informant interviews with shore anglers between July 2009 and December 2011. Sharks ranged in size from 1.5 to 2.5 m in total length, with young-of-the-year sharks (<1.75 m) accounting for 69.0% of the catch. Defining key habitats for young-of-the-year and juveniles is critical for the management and conservation of white sharks worldwide.

Concordance of genetic and fin photo identification in the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, off Mossel Bay, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 2199-2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysoula Gubili ◽  
Ryan Johnson ◽  
Enrico Gennari ◽  
W. Hermann Oosthuizen ◽  
Deon Kotze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
White Shark ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Great White Shark

Impact of satellite linked radio transmitting (SLRT) tags on the dorsal fin of subadult and adult white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Nicole Nasby-Lucas ◽  
Michael L Domeier
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Guadalupe Island ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Satellite linked radio transmitting (SLRT) tags provide long-term, high accuracy, near real-time tracking data for marine wildlife. Adult white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus, 1758) in the northeastern Pacific at both Guadalupe Island, Mexico and Southeast Farallon Island, USA were tagged with SLRT oval and inline finmout tags. These tags provided up to 7.4 yrs of tracking data. A previous study showed structural dorsal fin damage for SLRT tagged juvenile and subadult white sharks off South Africa. Sharks tagged in the northeastern Pacific were resighted between 1 and 11 yrs post tagging and included 10 adults and 2 subadults. Sharks that were resighted did not exhibit significant fin deformation, although in one case the oval finmount tag did cause bending of the dorsal fin due to tag shape, weight, and placement of the tag on the dorsal fin. Four inline tags came off after deployments of at least 2.2 to 3.7 yrs (based on date of last message received), and two of these caused a tear to the trailing edge of the dorsal fin upon release. Overall, SLRT tags provided long-term tracking data and there was no apparent impact on the behavior or migration cycles of the sharks. Serious dorsal fin deformation seems to occur in the case of juvenile and subadult white sharks where the fin is rapidly growing and thus for tracking juvenile white sharks, alternate methods should be considered.

scholarly journals Scientific Auditing Firms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal P. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mock Trial ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Insight Into

The “crisis of reproducibility” has been a significant source of controversy, heated debate, and calls for reform to institutional science in recent years. As a long-term solution to address both the present crisis and future obstacles, I propose the creation of a new form of research organization whose purpose would be to conduct random audits of the scientific literature. I suggest that data analytics of a digitized scientific corpus may play a critical role in allowing broadly educated scientists to identify linchpin results to investigate in further detail across all disciplines. I argue that a simple “mock” trial run of a simplified auditing firm consisting of several researchers over a short time period would provide valuable insight into the feasibility of this proposal.

scholarly journals State of artificially-established stands of introduced conifers on the site of sessile oak in MU "Cer-Vidojevica"

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Branka Spasojević ◽  
Vlado Čokeša ◽  
Đorđe Jović
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Main Task ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Insight Into

The paper presents the results of a study on the state of artificially established stands of Douglas-fir and white pine on the site of sessile oak with hornbeam (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1945), in Podrinje-Kolubara forest area in MU 'Cer-Vidojevica'. The stands of Douglas-fir and white pine are 51 years. The main task of the paper was to examine extensive data on forest estimation elements obtained from the measurements carried out on the selected sample plots in order get a deeper insight into the structure (diameter structure, distribution of basal area, volume, height curve) and productivity (volume and volume increment) of the stands. With the aim of achieving comparability of the results, one sample plot was established in a 70-year old indigenous coppice stand of sessile oak. The knowledge of these characteristics will provide better understanding of the issues of forest management in these artificially-established stands and help define short-term and long-term management goals and measures for their implementation.

scholarly journals Risperidone Long-Acting Injection: Safety and Efficacy in Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S4125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Catalán ◽  
Rafael Penadés
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Injection Safety ◽  
Effectiveness Data ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

Antipsychotic medication is considered the cornerstone of the treatment in elderly patients with schizophrenia. Long acting risperidone injection was the first antipsychotic available for use in this group of patients. Current scientific literature revealed that long-acting risperidone is effective in treating the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and some improvements in cognition and functioning have also been found. In terms of efficacy, there is a paucity of randomized trials but the studies suggest that long-acting risperidone is efficient in the long-term management of schizophrenia, with a safety profile similar to that of oral risperidone. It seems that patient acceptance of treatment is greater when patients are switched from a traditional oral medication to depot risperidone and some improvements in cognition and functioning might be related. Further long-term comparisons with other oral and long-acting antipsychotic medications are needed. These studies should include cost-effectiveness data. Research into metabolic side effects is also needed

Evaluating wildlife management by using principles of applied ecology: case studies and implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Hone ◽  
V. Alistair Drake ◽  
Charles J. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Applied Ecology ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Term Management

Context The broad concepts and generalisations that guide conduct of applied ecology, including wildlife management, have been reviewed and synthesised recently into 22 prescriptive and three empirical principles. Aims The aim of this study was to use these principles to evaluate three on-ground wildlife management programs and assess the utility of the principles themselves. Key results Case studies of long-term management of national park biodiversity impacted by feral pigs (Sus scrofa), and of conservation and harvest of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) and mallards (Anas platyrhnchos), were selected to provide a representative range of management objectives, spatial scales and land tenures, and to include both native and introduced species. Management documents and a considerable scientific literature were available for all three programs. The results highlight similarities and differences among management activities and demonstrate the 25 principles to differing degrees. Most of the prescriptive principles were demonstrated in both the management and the scientific literature in all three programs, but almost no use was made of the three empirical principles. We propose that use of the prescriptive principles constitutes evidence that these programs meet both societal and scientific expectations. However, the limited use of the empirical principles shows gaps in the three programs. Conclusions The results suggest that evaluating other wildlife management programs against the principles of applied ecology is worthwhile and could highlight aspects of those programs that might otherwise be overlooked. Little use was made of the empirical principles, but the the Effort–outcomes principle in particular provides a framework for evaluating management programs. Implications The effort–outcomes relationship should be a focus of future applied research, and both prescriptive and empirical principles should be integrated into wildlife management programs.

scholarly journals Strong Population Genetic Structure and Cryptic Diversity in the Florida Bonneted Bat (Eumops Floridanus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D Austin ◽  
Jeffery Gore ◽  
John Hargrove ◽  
Elizabeth Braun de Torrez ◽  
Celine Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Genetic Examination ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Conservation Of Endangered Species ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Term Management

Abstract Knowledge of genetic structure is essential for the long-term management and conservation of endangered species. We report the results from a genetic examination of the federally endangered Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus) sampled from its range in southern Florida, USA. Bonneted bats are primarily found in four regions separated by approximately 100 to 250 kms, including three western natural areas (BW, PC, and CC) and one urban population on the east coast [Miami-Dade County (MD)]. We used 22 microsatellite loci and cytochrome b sequences to assess the extent of connectivity and levels of genetic diversity. Regional populations were highly differentiated (FST = 0.178) and model-based and multivariate analyses showed that MD was the most distinct among pairwise comparisons. Regional populations are small (i.e., Ne < 100) but demographically stable. Estimates of contemporary migration and historic gene flow suggest that regional populations do not frequently exchange migrants, but simulations suggest that the divergence among western regions is likely a result of recent genetic drift rather than long-term isolation. Significantly, mitochondrial DNA revealed that haplotypes from MD were similar or shared with those recognized as Eumops ferox from Cuba and Jamaica, and divergent (1.5%) from the remainder of bonneted bats in Florida. Our data support the management of each of the four populations as distinct population segments, and that BW, PC and CC combined are on an independent evolutionary trajectory from bats in MD. Critically, bonneted bats in Florida appear to harbor cryptic diversity that will require a reassessment of their taxonomy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document