Genetic stock structure of blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica) and warehous (Seriolella brama and Seriolella punctata) in south-eastern Australian waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Robinson ◽  
Alexandra Skinner ◽  
Lakshmi Sethuraman ◽  
Helen McPartlan ◽  
Neil Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Population Bottlenecks ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Important Species ◽  
History Of

Blue-eye trevalla (Hyperoglyphe antarctica), blue warehou (Seriolella brama) and silver warehou (Seriolella punctata) from the family Centrolophidae are three commercially important species in the Australian fishery. These species are currently managed as single stocks. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of phenotypic structuring in these species reflect underlying genetic stock structure using an analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. The analysis revealed high levels of haplotype diversity within populations. The most common haplotypes for the species occurred in all geographical locations sampled. For S. brama, although structuring was not significant after Bonferroni correction, differences between two sites were sufficient to warrant caution in the management of fishery zones for this species. There were also some indications of structuring when sites were grouped into common regions. Demographic analysis suggested that S. brama might have had a history of population bottlenecks followed by sudden population expansion, potentially contributing to genetic structuring in the fishery. No structuring was detected for H. antarctica and S. punctata. The present study highlights the need for, and the utility of, multiple sources of information, that is, genetic, phenotypic, behavioural and ecological, when managing marine fisheries and the need to take a cautionary approach to the interpretation of genetic data for fisheries management.

scholarly journals Redefining Dispersal Boundaries of Siganus fuscescens In The Coral Triangle Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Dian Pertiwi ◽  
Nur Ismu Hidayat ◽  
Chloe Henderson ◽  
I Nyoman Giri Putra ◽  
Andrianus Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Haplotype Data ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand of fish in the Coral Triangle Area has led to overexploitation of some species of fishes. One of the commercial fishes, which is also known to be the source of food and income for local communities, is the Mottled Spinefoot (Siganus fuscescens). Population studies on this species are important in order to manage sustainable stock populations. Genetic variation of the mitochondrial DNA was analyzed to examine the population structure of Siganus fuscescens in Indonesia, as part of the Coral Triangle Area. In total, 789 basepairs of control region mtDNA sequences were determined from 133 specimens collected from six localities, including Seribu Islands (n=27), Karimunjawa (n=19), Komodo (n=39), Selayar (n=20), Lembeh (n=19) and Luwuk (n=9). From the data, 27 variable sites and 24 haplotypes were detected, with most of the haplotypes unique to each location. Haplotype data show that one haplotype was shared among all populations, three haplotypes were shared between two populations (Komodo & Selayar; Lembeh & Seribu; Komodo & Karimunjawa), and 20 were unique to a single population. Haplotype diversity (h=0.444) and nucleotide diversity (π=0.00165) were low. The diversity result, i.e. the ΦST value (0.0658, P < 0.0001) revealed genetic structure in S. fuscescens populations in Indonesia. A non-dispersal strategy led to restricted gene flow and genetic structuring in S. fuscescens. However, both the neutrality test and the mismatch distribution indicated that S. fuscescens might have been in populations at demographic equilibrium, with restriction to the population expansion. Although indicating unexpected minor population structure pattern, the overall result still suggest the management of this species population as a single unit across Indonesia.

scholarly journals Examining the developmental history of child maltreatment, peer relations, and externalizing problems among adolescents with symptoms of paranoid personality disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misaki N. Natsuaki ◽  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Fred A. Rogosch
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Paranoid Personality Disorder ◽  
Paranoid Personality ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis study examined the childhood history of maltreatment, peer relations, and externalizing problems among individuals who manifested low, moderate, or high symptom levels of paranoid personality disorder (PPD) in adolescence. Participants included 174 children who attended a longitudinal summer camp research program between the ages of 9 to 12. Multiple sources of information (self-, peer, and counselor reports) were utilized. Subsequently, they participated in a personality disorder assessment during adolescence (mean age = 15.30). The results indicated that children who manifested higher levels of PPD symptoms in adolescence had higher odds of having a history of child maltreatment. Children who manifested high levels of PPD symptoms in adolescence showed a faster growth rate for peer bullying and externalizing problems in childhood. In addition, their peers rated them as less cooperative, less likely to be leaders, and more likely to initiate fights. These findings suggested that children who manifested elevated PPD symptoms in adolescence had shown early signs of behavioral disturbances in childhood, some of which gradually worsened as they approach adolescence.

scholarly journals Demographic history of the fragmented yellowthroated bulbul (Pycnonotus xantholaemus) population in the Deccan Peninsula, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
A Jha ◽  
K Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Founder Population ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Structuring

The yellow-throated bulbul (YTB) is an endemic passerine restricted to scrub forests along hill slopes with exposed rocky outcrops in the Deccan Peninsula, India. It is found in small, discontinuous populations and is vulnerable to extinction due to ongoing habitat loss and subsequent population decline. To assess the genetic connectivity and past demography, we sequenced 1050 nucleotide base pairs of the mitochondrial control region of 60 individuals that represent distinct populations in the geographic range of the species. We recovered 39 haplotypes defined by 81 variable sites. Haplotype diversity was high with low nucleotide diversity, suggesting rapid population growth from a founder population with a small effective population size. The negative values of Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs and small positive value of Ramos-Onsins and Rozas’ R2 suggest deviation from neutrality and population expansion. The haplotype network and demographic expansion parameters further suggest historical population expansion. Mismatch analysis statistics and Bayesian skyline plots estimate population expansion during the late Pleistocene. Although the species presently occurs in small, disconnected we found no structuring of the population. Dispersal events are the most likely explanation for the absence of genetic structuring in the YTB population. These results represent important data for the design of a conservation plan for this endemic and globally threatened species.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure and history of the long-tailed hake, Macruronus magellanicus, in the SW Atlantic as revealed by mtDNA RFLP analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. D'Amato ◽  
G.R. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sw Atlantic ◽  
Network Pattern

Abstract The long-tailed hake, Macruronus magellanicus, is widely distributed in the SW Atlantic, and although it is commercially exploited, the extent of genetic structuring remains unclear. The hypothesis of a separate inshore stock as suggested by past biological data in northern Patagonia was tested with RFLP profiles of the mtDNA region ND5/6, in a total of 160 animals from eight locations. Sequence divergence between populations was nil, and all diversity is contained within populations. Despite the lack of geographic structuring in the distribution of haplotypes, the inference of population homogeneity should be taken cautiously owing to the skewed frequency distribution of haplotypes, with one allele accounting for 63% of individuals. A phylogenetic analysis of haplotypes reveals a star-shaped pattern with the presence of two lineages that may represent a population expansion. A rapid turnover of lineages, sweepstake recruitment, rapid expansion, or vulnerability to environmental conditions is not only suggested by the network pattern, but also by the departure from neutrality expectations. However, the role of selection cannot be ruled out until more loci or markers are examined.

Correcting for the Problems of the Survey Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shields
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

Every year, I teach a broad survey course on the Modern Middle East (between 120 and 200 students), along with seminars on a wide range of topics. Regardless of the content of these courses, I have three big goals. I want them to come away understanding that the history of the region is more complex and fascinating than they learned in high school and from the pundits, and the simplistic assumptions and solutions they offer answer no questions. Second, I want to persuade them that things change over time, and we can't understand anything without knowing its context—and the context of the Middle East is global. But most imperative: I want to convince students to be critical in analyzing sources of information. Informed citizenship requires students to be able to think critically, and that is what historians do offer. We analyze multiple sources in myriad ways.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and genetic structure of Caranx hippos (Teleostei: Carangidae) in the Colombian Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Itala Ivonne Caiafa Hernandez ◽  
Juan Carlos Narvaéz Barandica ◽  
Arturo Acero Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Caranx Hippos

Studies based on molecular genetics offer the possibility to understand the structure of populations and provide data to implement measures designed to protect them. Caranx hippos, is a fish with a wide distribution in the Western Atlantic, becoming one of the most economically important species in the artisanal fishing industry in Colombia. However, little is known about its biology. The present study aimed to evaluate the variation and genetic structure of C. hippos in the Colombian Caribbean by analyzing the mitochondrial DNA region control and cytochrome oxidase subunit (COI). We sequenced the DNA of 153 muscle samples collected from specimens obtained from six fishing ports. The results showed 21 haplotypes for COI and 116 haplotypes for the control region, divided into two lineages that do not exhibit a pattern of geographical distribution. For mitochondrial control region, the estimated haplotype diversity (Hd) presented relatively high values (Hd = 0.99 and = 0.1), while for COI results were Hd = 0.68 and = 0.01; the relationship between haplotype and nucleotide diversity and the neutrality test revealed that C. hippos experienced bottlenecking and a subsequent rapid population expansion. Estimates of genetic structure were low and insignificant, indicating no differentiation between samples collected from geographical isolation. This suggests that for the Colombian Caribbean there is a panmictic population of C. hippos. However, variations were found at population levels, especially in La Guajira, Turbo and San Antero, which, when compared to those included for Brazil and México, demonstrated that unique haplotypes in La Guajira are more aligned to the Brazilian populations, by means of the influence of the Caribbean Current, whilst those from Turbo and San Antero are more frequent in haplotypes originating from Mexico. Future studies should focus the understanding of these processes.

Examining the entry of Walmart into South Africa: A stakeholder management perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Tembinkosi Bonakele ◽  
Dave Beaty ◽  
Fathima Rasool ◽  
Drikus Kriek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

The recent entry of the US multinational Walmart into South Africa has proved to be a source of controversy. Key stakeholders in South Africa objected to the merger and attempted to block it unless certain conditions were met. The aim of this study was to examine the controversy and the conditions surrounding the merger. The research employed a qualitative archival analysis to examine publicly available sources of information with regard to the merger. The findings revealed key stakeholders’ concerns that Walmart’s entry would lead to an increase in imports which would displace local producers, increase unemployment, marginalise trade unions and lower labour standards unless certain conditions were met. The results also revealed problems relating to the firm’s primary focus on “business” while neglecting “public interest” issues, naively relying on their “local retailer” to manage key stakeholders, and assuming that their perceived controversial reputation regarding treatment of trade unions and their views about unemployment as well as the controversies surrounding their history of entry into other global markets would not have the major negative impact it did on stakeholders in South Africa.

Supporting the Development of Clinical Reasoning of Preprofessional Novices in Dysphagia Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Doeltgen ◽  
Stacie Attrill ◽  
Joanne Murray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Reasoning Skills

AbstractProficient clinical reasoning is a critical skill in high-quality, evidence-based management of swallowing impairment (dysphagia). Clinical reasoning in this area of practice is a cognitively complex process, as it requires synthesis of multiple sources of information that are generated during a thorough, evidence-based assessment process and which are moderated by the patient's individual situations, including their social and demographic circumstances, comorbidities, or other health concerns. A growing body of health and medical literature demonstrates that clinical reasoning skills develop with increasing exposure to clinical cases and that the approaches to clinical reasoning differ between novices and experts. It appears that it is not the amount of knowledge held, but the way it is used, that distinguishes a novice from an experienced clinician. In this article, we review the roles of explicit and implicit processing as well as illness scripts in clinical decision making across the continuum of medical expertise and discuss how they relate to the clinical management of swallowing impairment. We also reflect on how this literature may inform educational curricula that support SLP students in developing preclinical reasoning skills that facilitate their transition to early clinical practice. Specifically, we discuss the role of case-based curricula to assist students to develop a meta-cognitive awareness of the different approaches to clinical reasoning, their own capabilities and preferences, and how and when to apply these in dysphagia management practice.

Population Genetics ofCaenorhabditis elegans: The Paradox of Low Polymorphism in a Widespread Species

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Sivasundar ◽  
Jody Hey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans has become one of the most widely used model research organisms, yet we have little information on evolutionary processes and recent evolutionary history of this widespread species. We examined patterns of variation at 20 microsatellite loci in a sample of 23 natural isolates of C. elegans from various parts of the world. One-half of the loci were monomorphic among all strains, and overall genetic variation at microsatellite loci was low, relative to most other species. Some population structure was detected, but there was no association between the genetic and geographic distances among different natural isolates. Thus, despite the nearly worldwide occurrence of C. elegans, little evidence was found for local adaptation in strains derived from different parts of the world. The low levels of genetic variation within and among populations suggest that recent colonization and population expansion might have occurred. However, the patterns of variation are not consistent with population expansion. A possible explanation for the observed patterns is the action of background selection to reduce polymorphism, coupled with ongoing gene flow among populations worldwide.

scholarly journals Mobility Trends before and after the Pandemic Outbreak: Analyzing the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona through the Lens of Equality and Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7908
Author(s):  
Lucía Mejía-Dorantes ◽  
Lídia Montero ◽  
Jaume Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Before And After

The spatial arrangement of a metropolis is of utmost importance to carry out daily activities, which are constrained by space and time. Accessibility is not only shaped by the spatial and temporal dimension, but it is also defined by individual characteristics, such as gender, impairments, or socioeconomic characteristics of the citizens living or commuting in this area. This study analyzes mobility trends and patterns in the metropolitan area of Barcelona before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, with special emphasis on gender and equality. The study draws on multiple sources of information; however, two main datasets are analyzed: two traditional travel surveys from the transport metropolitan area of Barcelona and two coming from smartphone data. The results show that gender plays a relevant role when analyzing mobility patterns, as already highlighted in other studies, but, after the pandemic outbreak, some population groups were more likely to change their mobility patterns, for example, highly educated population groups and those with higher income. This study also highlights that e-activities may shape new mobility patterns and living conditions for some population segments, but some activities cannot be replaced by IT technologies. For all these reasons, city and transport planning should foster sustainable development policies, which will provide the maximum benefit for society.

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