Buoyancy control and diel changes in swim-bladder volume in cultured striped trumpeter (Latris lineata) larvae

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Trotter ◽  
S. C. Battaglene ◽  
P. M. Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Diel Cycle ◽  
Bladder Volume ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Buoyant Force ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation ◽  
Striped Trumpeter ◽  
Buoyancy Control

Body density, swim-bladder volume, buoyant force and feeding in relation to growth, photoperiod and light intensity were investigated in cultured striped trumpeter larvae. Prior to initial swim-bladder inflation, body density was negative during both the light and dark phases, regulated on a diel cycle from 1.0275 to 1.0290 g cm−3 (seawater: 1.0265 g cm−3). After initial swim-bladder inflation, body density decreased markedly during the dark phase as swim-bladder volume increased on a diel cycle. Downward buoyant force from dry matter increased with age and was compensated for by increasing relative swim-bladder volume. Greatest difference in body density between light (1.0260 g cm−3) and dark phase (1.0245 g cm−3) was when larvae were from 6.5 to 7.5 mm (standard length) (seawater: 1.0260 g cm−3). Density of larvae without a functional swim bladder was always greater than larvae with a functional swim bladder, and the former had reduced growth. Diel buoyancy control exhibited by striped trumpeter larvae with low amplitude changes in swim-bladder volume is similar to other transient physostomes. Mortality events previously observed in striped trumpeter culture are possibly related to negative buoyancy before first feeding and positive buoyancy during the dark phase following initial swim-bladder inflation.

Histological Investigation of Swim-bladder Morphology and Inflation in Cultured Larval Striped Trumpeter (Latris lineata) (Teleostei, Latridae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Goodsell ◽  
D Wikeley ◽  
L Searle
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Gas Gland ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation ◽  
Latris Lineata ◽  
Striped Trumpeter

Histological techniques revealed that primary swim-bladder inflation in Latris lineata, a Tasmanian marine finfish, occurred before first feeding (Days 6 to 8 after hatch, depending on culture conditions). The histological appearance of the swim-bladder altered markedly after inflation; the lumen lining changed from columnar epithelium to predominantly squamous epithelium with an anterior crescent of cuboidal epithelial cells forming the gas gland. The pneumatic duct traversed ventrally from the posterior end of the swim-bladder and entered the intestine at the junction of the oesophagus and the intestine. The columnar epithelium persisted in non-inflated swim-bladders, and proliferation of the underlying vascular system caused the epithelium to fold and fill the entire lumen.

The Development of Form and Function in Fishes and the Question of Larval Adaptation

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Gas Gland ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation ◽  
And Function

<em>Abstract.</em>—The swim bladder originates as an unpaired dorsal outgrowth of the posterior foregut. While in physostome fish the embryonic connection to the pharynx persists, in physoclist fishes, it is lost during early development. In most fish larvae, the swim bladder is inflated shortly after hatching, just prior to the time of first feeding. At this time, many larvae swim up and start surfacing. In this case, initial inflation of the swim bladder is achieved by gulping air, and a lack of swim bladder inflation often is accompanied by a significant reduction of viability. While this appears to be the way most physostome fish inflate their swim bladder, some species obviously are able to inflate the swim bladder without surfacing. In adult fish, gas secretion into the swim bladder requires the activity of gas gland cells, which acidify the blood and thus induce a decrease in its gascarrying capacity. In consequence, gas partial pressures increase, providing a pressure head for the diffusive transport of gas from the blood into the swim bladder. Recent studies on the European glass eel <em>Anguilla anguilla </em>suggest that, at the time of first inflation, gas gland cells may not yet be functional. Nevertheless, glass eels can inflate their swim bladder without surfacing. Although various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the inflation of the swim bladder without gulping air, a decisive answer cannot yet be presented.

Assessing the effects of positive buoyancy on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held in gas supersaturated water

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Shrimpton ◽  
D. J. Randall ◽  
L. E. Fidler
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Bladder Volume ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Impact

We examined the effects of swim bladder overinflation associated with dissolved gas supersaturation on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The change in swim bladder volume with increased swim bladder pressure was measured in fish subjected to a decrease in ambient pressure. An expansion of swim bladder volume occurs that is related to the excess swim bladder pressure. The volume change results in a decrease in density and positive buoyancy in the fish. Small fish are adversely affected when exposed to gas supersaturated water because of the high swim bladder pressure required to force gas out the pneumatic duct. Changes in behaviour and depth distribution of fish held in gas supersaturated water were measured in a 2 m deep observation column. A large change in density caused small fish to increase depth and compensate for the swim bladder expansion. Although swim bladder inflation occurs for all sizes of trout held in gas supersaturated water, the impact is greatest for small fish and they must compensate by seeking depth. However, adequate depth to compensate for positive buoyancy may not always exist. In such a case, fish must swim continuously in a head down position to overcome excess buoyancy. The power necessary for a fish to swim with an overinflated swim bladder is greatest for small fish that show the largest change in density.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent development of cardiac activity in unrestrained larvae of the minnow Phoxinus phoxinus

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. R1634-R1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schönweger ◽  
T. Schwerte ◽  
B. Pelster
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Phoxinus Phoxinus ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation

The minnow ( Phoxinus phoxinus) was raised up to the stage of swim bladder inflation at temperatures between 10°C and 25°C, and the time of development significantly decreased at higher temperatures. Accordingly, initiation of cardiac activity was observed at day 2 in 25°C animals and at day 4 in 12.5°C animals. Only a minor increase in body mass was observed during the incubation period, and, at the end of the incubation period, animals raised at 25°C did not have a significantly lower body mass compared with animals raised at 15°C. Metabolic activity, determined as the rate of oxygen consumption of a larva, increased from 3.3 to 19.5 nmol/h during development at 15°C and from 5.6 to 47.6 nmol/h during development at 25°C. Heart rate showed a clear correlation to developmental stage as well as to developmental temperature, but at the onset of cardiac activity, diastolic ventricular volume and also stroke volume were higher at the lower temperatures. Furthermore, stroke volume increased with development, except for the group incubated at 12.5°C, in which stroke volume decreased with development. Initial cardiac output showed no correlation to incubation temperature. Although metabolic activity increased severalfold during development from egg to the stage of swim bladder inflation at 15°C and at 25°C, weight-specific cardiac output increased only by ∼40% with proceeding development. At 12.5°C, cardiac output remained almost constant until opening of the swim bladder. The data support the notion that oxygen transport is not the major function of the circulatory system at this stage of development. The changes in heart rate with temperature appear to be due to the intrinsic properties of the pacemaker; there was no indication for a regulated response.

Effect of water temperature and light intensity on swim bladder inflation and growth of red sea bream Pagrus major larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Honryo ◽  
Michio Kurata ◽  
Dario Sandval ◽  
Saki Yamao ◽  
Amado Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Red Sea Bream ◽  
Pagrus Major ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation

Bio-Inspired Soft Swim Bladders of Large Volume Change Using Dual Dielectric Elastomer Membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxi Wang ◽  
Leon Yeong Wei Loh ◽  
Ujjaval Gupta ◽  
Choon Chiang Foo ◽  
Jian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Response Light ◽  
Large Volume Change ◽  
Buoyancy Control

Abstract The buoyancy control mechanism is critical for undersea robots to achieve effective vertical motion. However, current buoyancy control mechanisms are associated with problems such as complex design, bulky structure, noisy operation, and slow response. Inspired by the swim bladder of natural fish, we develop an artificial swim bladder, using dual membranes of the dielectric elastomer, which exhibit interesting attributes, including fast response, light weight, silent operation, especially large volume change. Both the experiments and theoretical simulations are conducted to analyze the performance of this artificial swim bladder, and they quantitatively agree with each other. This artificial swim bladder of dual membranes is capable of large voltage-induced volume change, 112% larger than the conventional single-membrane design. Consequently, this soft actuator can generate a buoyancy force of 0.49 N. This artificial swim bladder demonstrates effective up-and-down motion in water, due to its large reversible volume change. Future work includes adding horizontal-motion and turning capabilities to the existing robotic structure, so that the soft robotic fish can achieve successful navigation in undersea environments.

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