Species boundaries in carp gudgeons (Eleotrididae : Hypseleotris) from the River Murray, South Australia: evidence for multiple species and extensive hybridization

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Bertozzi ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Keith F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Hybrid Classes ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
The One ◽  
Meristic Data ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Allozyme analyses of carp gudgeons (Hypseleotris) from five sites in the lower River Murray revealed three distinctive taxa designated HA, HB and HC, diagnosable from one another by fixed differences at 3–5 loci, and three apparent F 1 hybrid forms, HA¥HB, HA¥HX and HB¥HX, where HX denotes a taxon not sampled in its ‘pure’ form. Of all fish sampled, 25% were hybrids, although only one hybrid form was found at any one site, and never in company with both parental taxa. No hybrids involving HC were found, although this was the most common taxon, and no HA¥HB hybrids were present at the one site of demonstrated sympatry between the parental taxa. Morphological analysis and the lack of introgression confirm that HA, HB, and HC are distinct biological species. Partial meristic data suggest that HC corresponds to H. klunzingeri s.l., ‘Midgley’s carp gudgeon’ is a composite of HA, HB and HA¥HB hybrids, and ‘Lake’s carp gudgeon’ may be a composite of HX and one of its hybrids (HB¥HX). We speculate that one or more of the hybrid classes may be ‘unisexual lineages’ (clonally reproducing, usually all-female forms derived from hybridization between congeners).

ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE INDICATORS OF FIRSTMATURED HYBRID FORMS OF STURGEON

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Akhmetzhanova ◽  
◽  
Zakari Miburo ◽  
S.V. Ponomarev ◽  
Y.V. Fedorovykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Sturgeon ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Siberian Species ◽  
Hybrid Forms

The article presents data on morphological and physiological parameters of first-matured females of Russian sturgeon and its hybrid form with a Siberian species, grown in artificial conditions by LLC “Akvatrade”, operating in the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan region). It was found that Russian sturgeon juveniles adapt less satisfactorily to the low winter temperatures of the aquatic environment in comparison with hybrid forms with the Siberian species. As for the offspring obtained from hybrid females, their resistance to low winter temperatures of the aquatic environment was higher, most likely due to features inherited from the Siberian species.

scholarly journals Mismatch induced speciation in Salmonella : model and data

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1475) ◽  
pp. 2045-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Falush ◽  
Mia Torpdahl ◽  
Xavier Didelot ◽  
Donald F Conrad ◽  
Daniel J Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Geographical Population

In bacteria, DNA sequence mismatches act as a barrier to recombination between distantly related organisms and can potentially promote the cohesion of species. We have performed computer simulations which show that the homology dependence of recombination can cause de novo speciation in a neutrally evolving population once a critical population size has been exceeded. Our model can explain the patterns of divergence and genetic exchange observed in the genus Salmonella , without invoking either natural selection or geographical population subdivision. If this model was validated, based on extensive sequence data, it would imply that the named subspecies of Salmonella enterica correspond to good biological species, making species boundaries objective. However, multilocus sequence typing data, analysed using several conventional tools, provide a misleading impression of relationships within S. enterica subspecies enterica and do not provide the resolution to establish whether new species are presently being formed.

scholarly journals From Translation Studies and audiovisual translation to media accessibility

Target ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Remael ◽  
Nina Reviers ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The One

Abstract Recent developments in Translation Studies and translation practice have not only led to a profusion of approaches, but also to the development of new text forms and translation modes. Media Accessibility, particularly audio description (AD) and subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH), is an example of such a ‘new’ mode. SDH has been evolving quickly in recent decades and new developments such as interlingual SDH and live subtitling with speech recognition bring it closer to established forms of translation and interpreting. On the one hand, interlingual SDH reintroduces Jakobson’s (1959) ‘translation proper’ while the use of speech recognition has led to the creation of a hybrid form that has affinities with both subtitling and interpreting. Audio description, for its part, cannot even be fitted into Jakobson’s ‘intersemiotic translation’ model since it involves translation from images into words. Research into AD is especially interesting since it rallies methods from adjacent disciplines, much in the same way that Holmes ([1972] 1988) described TS when it was a fledgling discipline. In 2008, Braun set out a research agenda for AD and the wealth of topics and research approaches dealt with in her article illustrate the immense complexity of this field and the work still to be done. Although AD and SDH research have developed at different paces and are concerned with different topics, converging trends do appear. Particularly the role of technology and the concept of multimodality seem to be key issues. This article aims to give an overview of current research trends in both these areas. It illustrates the possibilities of technology-driven research – particularly popular in SDH and live-subtitling research – while at the same time underlining the value of individual, human-driven approaches, which are still the main ‘modus operandi’ in the younger discipline of AD where much basic research is still required.

Cross-Cultural Differences in Core Concepts of Humans as a Biological Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 171-185
Author(s):  
Alexander Liu ◽  
Sara Jill Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Multiple Species

An intuition that has been identified as a core concept in folkbiological thought (i.e., intuitive notions about the biological world) is the tendency to view humans as one biological species among many. Previous research has shown that in a category-based induction task, children tend to privilege humans as a basis for inferring that multiple species possess similar biological properties, but that culture and experience can affect the development of these anthropocentric tendencies. It has been assumed that anthropocentrism disappears before adulthood, though very little research has been conducted to test this assumption. In the present research, adults studying oriental medicine, western biology, or western psychology completed a category-based induction task as well as a ‘human patient’ task designed to measure cultural differences in concepts of biological processes. The results showed that anthropocentric reasoning still occurs in adulthood and that there are cultural differences in the likelihood to exhibit these tendencies.

Fiktionalität des Faktischen

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Nikola Von Merveldt
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
Empire State Building ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Semantic Distinction ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Am 1. April 1989 wird das Empire State Building von einem reichen Ölscheich gekauft, der es Stein für Stein, Stahlstrebe für Stahlstrebe, im Wüstensand wieder aufbauen lassen will. Der Schotte James Mac Killian reist von 1923–1925 in einem Heißluftballon um die Welt und berichtet davon. Und in den Fragmenten des Geographenvolks der Orbæ lassen sich versunkene Welten erahnen, die sich mutige Reisende erschlossen und dokumentiert haben. Irritiert mag man sich fragen, ob einem diese Fakten entgangen sind, oder ob David Macaulays Unbuilding (1980) fake news ist, Caroline Mac Killians Journey of the Zephyr (2010) eine Lüge und die beeindruckende Bildbandtrilogie von François Place, Atlas des géographes d’Orbæ (1996–2000), eine unverfrorene Fälschung. Oder sind alle drei ›einfach‹ Bilderbücher und somit ohnehin Fiktion, ja Kunst mit all den ihr zustehenden Freiheiten? Fictionality of the FactualReflections on the Poetics of Non-Fiction for Young Readers Drawing on recent research in narratology and theories of fiction, this article proposes ways of productively looking at non­fiction for children beyond the fact­fiction divide. The key to a differentiated analytical toolkit is the semantic distinction between the real and fictional content on the one hand – the question of referentiality – and the prag­matic difference between factual and fictional ways of presenting it on the other hand – whether it lays a claim or not to referential truthfulness on the discursive level. These categories, analysed according to a three­step model developed by Nickel­Bacon, Groeben and Schreier (2000), allow for a nuanced description of the many hybrid forms of non­fiction, especially information picture books. This article will present a typology of dif­ferent variations on the ›fictionality of the factual‹ and the ›factuality of the fictional‹ in current information books for young readers, and show that there is more fiction in non­fiction than is commonly assumed.

Chimeras, Superchimps, and Post-persons

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Sarah Chan
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Boundary ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
Status Enhancement

In the world of contemporary biotechnology, our thinking about species and moral status is being challenged in new ways. First, the creation of interspecies chimeras, in disrupting the human/non-human species boundary, forces us also to go beyond species boundaries in considering how to determine the moral status of these new beings. Second, the possibility of moral status enhancement (or at least enhancing the capacities that on some accounts give rise to moral status), both for non-human animals and for humans, may lead to members of existing biological species having new moral properties, or perhaps even the creation of new ‘moral species’. This chapter explores normative and conceptual challenges raised by the prospect of crossing both biological and moral ‘species boundaries’. It examines the implications of species transitions in relation to identity, obligations towards existing beings and beings that might be created via the species transition process; and reflects on how this might advance our thinking about moral status.

scholarly journals Two new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from the Australian Wet Tropics region, and redescription of Cophixalus ornatus

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3271 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONRAD J. HOSKIN
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Multiple Species

In Australia the frog family Microhylidae is largely restricted to tropical rainforests of the Wet Tropics region in the north-east of the country, but in that region the family is diverse. Only one species, Cophixalus ornatus, is widespread in the WetTropics but there has been suspicion that it may comprise multiple species. A recent study (Hoskin et al. 2011) assessedgenetic and phenotypic variation across the range of C. ornatus, finding three deeply divergent genetic lineages that differin mating call and some aspects of morphology. Two of these lineages abutt in the central Wet Tropics and in that areahybridization was found to be very limited despite sympatry at high densities. Based on multiple lines of data, Hoskin etal. (2011) concluded that the three genetic lineages represent biological species. The taxonomy of these three lineages isresolved here. I describe two new species, Cophixalus australis sp. nov. and Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis sp. nov., andredescribe C. ornatus. The three species are not distinguishable based on any single morphological or call trait and arebest identified by genetics or locality. The distributions of the three species are largely allopatric. Cophixalus ornatus isfound in rainforest in the northern Wet Tropics, C. australis sp. nov. occurs in rainforest and adjacent wet sclerophyllforests in the central and southern Wet Tropics, and C. hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. inhabits rainforest and montane heathon Hinchinbrook Island. All three species are common. Cophixalus australis sp. nov. contains three genetic subgroupsthat are considered a single species based on phenotypic similarity and high levels of hybridization at contact zones. Thedescription of Cophixalus australis sp. nov. and Cophixalus hinchinbrookensis sp. nov. brings the number of Australian Cophixalus species to 18, 15 of which are restricted to the Wet Tropics region.

Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4550 (3) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAI M. KOROVCHINSKY
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Volga River ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybrid Forms

The North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 are described morphologically in detail with consideration of the previous data on their allozyme analysis and brief morphological examination. In total, three hybrid forms have been encountered, among which B. brevimanus x B. cederströmii appear to be most common and widespread whereas two others, one of which is new to science, are known from single localities. The high morphological variability of the former hybrid form is analyzed and its diagnostic features, distinguishing their representatives from those of parental species are determined. Within their vast range, the hybrids B. brevimanus x B. cederströmii seem to be one of the most common and numerous members of the genus. For instance, they dominate in all reservoirs of the Volga River where their biology was investigated in some detail. The hybrids are distributed widely being known from Sweden, Finland, and north-west of European Russia to Central Yakutia in Eastern Siberia. The southern borders of their range extend to the south of Eastern Siberia and Eastern Kazakhstan. Further more detailed investigations of hybrids, both genetic and morphological, are highly desirable. 

Molecular systematics, morphological analysis, and hybrid crossing identify a third taxon, Aedes (Halaedes) wardangensis sp.nov., of the Aedes (Halaedes) australis species-group (Diptera: Culicidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1236-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhart A Brust ◽  
J William O. Ballard ◽  
Felice Driver ◽  
Diana M Hartley ◽  
Nora J Galway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Male Morphology ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Ii

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses, male morphology, and hybrid crossing indicate that a population from Wardang Island, South Australia, is distinct from the monophyletic series of populations of Aedes (Halaedes) australis (Erichson) 1842 from Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, and New Zealand. The name Aedes (Halaedes) wardangensis has been assigned to the new species. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the cytochrome oxidase II and internal transcribed spacer loci support the resurrection of Aedes (Halaedes) ashworthi Edwards, 1921 (Brust and Mahon, 1997). Aedes ashworthi is known only from Western Australia and was found to be infertile when crossed with Ae. wardangensis from South Australia and Ae. australis from New Zealand. The hybrid of Ae. australis from New South Wales × Ae. australis from New Zealand was fertile for three generations, documenting these as conspecific.

Morphological analysis of the Grevillea ilicifolia complex (Proteaceae) and recognition of taxa

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisha L. Downing ◽  
Marco F. Duretto ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Spanning Trees ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Minimum Spanning Trees ◽  
Leaf Form ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Lobed Leaf

A morphological study of herbarium and field-collected specimens, using phenetic techniques of agglomerative classification, ordination and minimum spanning trees, and covering the geographic range of the Holly Grevillea, G.�ilicifolia (R.Br.) R.Br. sensu lato, has resulted in the recognition of three species and four subspecies. The taxa are based on leaf form, noted by previous authors to be highly variable between populations. The taxa recognised here are G.�ilicifolia, G.�ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia (typical, kite-shaped leaf form), G.�ilicifolia subsp. lobata (F.Muell.) T.L.Downing comb. et stat. nov. (oak-shaped leaf form), G.�dilatata (R.Br.) T.L.Downing comb. et stat. nov. (fan-shaped leaf form), G.�angustiloba (F.Muell.) T.L.Downing comb. et stat. nov., G.�angustiloba subsp. angustiloba (narrow-lobed leaf form) and G.�angustiloba subsp. wirregaensis T.L.Downing subsp. nov. (very narrow-lobed leaf form). The rank of subspecies is used where there are some intermediate plants between forms. Grevillea ilicifolia subsp. ilicifolia is the most widespread taxon and occurs in South Australia, western Victoria and in two localities in New South Wales. Grevillea angustiloba subsp. wirregaensis has the most restricted range, occurring in semi-arid regions near Wirrega in South Australia. Grevillea dilatata is largely endemic to Kangaroo Island, South Australia.

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