scholarly journals Gonorrhoea: past, present and future

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Evgeny A Semchenko ◽  
Xiaofan Chen ◽  
Caroline Thng ◽  
Maree O'Sullivan ◽  
Kate L Seib
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The sexually transmitted infection (STI) gonorrhoea is an ancient human disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Despite decades of research focused on preventing, diagnosing, and treating gonorrhoea, it remains a major global health concern due to its high prevalence, high rates of asymptomatic cases, the severe sequelae that can result from untreated infections, and the increasing difficulty in treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae. It is estimated that there are more than 87 million cases of gonorrhoea worldwide each year, and the WHO, CDC and Australian National Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Strategy have prioritised N. gonorrhoeae as an urgent public health threat for which new therapeutics and a vaccine are needed.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infection by Mycoplasma genitalium: A short review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Sapna Harish
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infection ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Mycoplasma genitalium is identified as a pathogen causing sexually transmitted infection. Difficulty to culture the organism has been a major obstacle in understanding more about the pathogenesis. Lack of facility to diagnose the disease in many centers has led to syndromic management. Widespread treatment of asymptomatic individuals who test positive for the organism and syndromic management have resulted in emergence of drug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals High prevalence of minor HIV drug resistant strains in a treatment naive population in Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
W. Chelangat Cheriro ◽  
B. Liang ◽  
J. Brooks ◽  
H. Ji ◽  
M. Kiptoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Nosocomial klebsiellas: I. Colonization of hospitalized patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Haverkorn ◽  
M. F. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

SUMMARYThe colonization of patients byKlebsiellaand several other gram-negative bacteria was studied in a hospital urological ward over a period of six months. Before and during the survey there was no evidence of an outbreak of nosocomial infection and multi-drug resistant strains ofKlebsiellawere not isolated.Klebsiellawere biotyped by nine biochemical tests, which led to the detection of 66 biotypes spread uniformly throughout the survey period. This method of biotyping proved a useful epidemiological tool. The colonization rate of throats, hands, and faeces of patients increased after admission to the ward, especially when antibiotics were used. The effect of systemic antibiotics was greater than that of urinary antibiotics especially on throat and faeces carrier rates. Carrier rates forKlebsiellaincreased also after catheterization and operation – relationships which could well be multifactorial.During the first two weeks after admission the proportion of antibiotic resistant strains ofKlebsiellain carriers increased. The proportion of resistant strains amongst isolations from clinical infections was always greater than among strains isolated routinely from sites of carriage.

Emergence of Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria and Impact on Antibiotic Expenditure at a Major Army Medical Center Caring for Soldiers Wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Zapor ◽  
Daniel Erwin ◽  
Goldina Erowele ◽  
Glenn Wortmann
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Walter Reed Army Medical ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Since the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, the epidemiologic traits of clinical isolates at Walter Reed Army Medical Center have shifted toward drug-resistant strains of microorganisms, particularly among the gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, antibiotic prescribing patterns during this period have changed remarkably and mirror the emergence of these organisms at our institution.

scholarly journals Recombinant ESAT-6-Like Proteins Provoke Protective Immune Responses against Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Disease in a Murine Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Zhong Zhang ◽  
Yan Hong Hua ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Candy Choi Yi Lau ◽  
Jian Piao Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus aureusis a common pathogen found in the community and in hospitals. Most notably, methicillin-resistantS. aureusis resistant to many antibiotics, which is a growing public health concern. The emergence of drug-resistant strains has prompted the search for alternative treatments, such as immunotherapeutic approaches. To date, most clinical trials of vaccines or of passive immunization againstS. aureushave ended in failure. In this study, we investigated two ESAT-6-like proteins secreted byS. aureus,S. aureusEsxA (SaEsxA) and SaEsxB, as possible targets for a vaccine. Mice vaccinated with these purified proteins elicited high titers of anti-SaEsxA and anti-SaEsxB antibodies, but these antibodies could not preventS. aureusinfection. On the other hand, recombinant SaEsxA (rSaEsxA) and rSaEsxB could induce Th1- and Th17-biased immune responses in mice. Mice immunized with rSaEsxA and rSaEsxB had significantly improved survival rates when challenged withS. aureuscompared with the controls. These findings indicate that SaEsxA and SaEsxB are two promising Th1 and Th17 candidate antigens which could be developed into multivalent and serotype-independent vaccines againstS. aureusinfection.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistant, extensively drug resistant and pan drug resistant gram negative bacteria at a tertiary care centre in Bhubaneswar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Subhra Snigdha Panda ◽  
Nipa Singh ◽  
Smrutilata Sahoo ◽  
Ipsa Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Esbl Producers

Background: Multidrug resistance has emerged as a challenge in health care settings. Again increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR) and pan drug resistant (PDR) gram negative bacteria is making the condition more critical because of limited options of antibiotics, increasing morbidity, mortality and hospital stay of the patients. The present study is carried out with an aim to estimate the prevalence of MDR, XDR, PDR gram negative bacteria in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Total of 912 gram negative bacterial isolates obtained from various samples of indoor patients in a tertiary care hospital, were studied over a period of six months. The bacteria were identified by conventional methods. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics for the resistant isolates were detected by Vitek-2 automated method. MDR, XDR and PDR were determined according to the definitions suggested by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers was estimated.Results: Out of 912 isolates, prevalence of MDR, XDR and PDR were 66.12%, 34.32% and 0.98% respectively. Prevalence of MDR and XDR were higher in ICUs than clinical wards (p<0.0001). Prevalence of ESBL producers was 48.4%.Conclusions: The study highlights increased prevalence of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant strains in our hospital. Stringent surveillance, proper implementation of hospital infection control practices and antimicrobial stewardship will help in limiting the emergence and spread of drug resistant strains.

scholarly journals Drug Repurposing for Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Cardoso ◽  
Carel B. Oosthuizen ◽  
Nashied Peton ◽  
Vinayak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Discovery Pipeline

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major global health concern given the increase in multiple forms of drug-resistant TB. This underscores the importance of a continuous pipeline of new anti-TB agents. From recent studies, it is evident that the increase in drug efficacy is being achieved through re-engineering old TB-drug families and repurposing known drugs. This approach has led to producing a newer class of compounds which not only saves time and investment in developing newer drugs but is also effective in identifying drug candidates with novel mechanisms to treat multi-drug resistant strains. The repurposed drugs moxifloxacin, linezolid, and clofazimine are used to treat extensively drug-resistant TB when first- and/or second-line drugs fail. The chapter covers a detailed background on the current status of the repurposed drugs in the TB drug-discovery pipeline and discusses a potential way forward.

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