Dengue introduced by travellers, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Allison Imrie
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Acute Viral Infection

Dengue is a mosquito-borne acute viral infection that can develop into a potentially lethal complication known as severe dengue. It is endemic in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries where the mosquito vectors, predominantly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are found. Non-immune travellers are at risk of infection and with the rise in international travel and the availability of cheap holiday packages to endemic countries, many of which are popular tourist destinations, there has been a significant increase in spread of dengue viruses.

scholarly journals Pemetaan Densitas Larva Aedes Aegypti Berdasarkan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) di Kelurahan Paccerakkang dan Tamalanrea

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Thoeng Fenni C. Effendy ◽  
Hasanuddin Ishak ◽  
Agus Bintara Birawida
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Makassar City is one of the areas most at risk of Dengue Fever (DHF). One form of dengue prevention is to break the chain of transmission of mosquitoes, which is to prevent the breeding of mosquito vectors through efforts to eradicate mosquito nests (PSN). Mapping the density of aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on the behavior of eradicating mosquito nests (PSN) in Paccerakkang Village, Tamalanrea Village, Makassar City. This type of research is an observational survey with cross sectional method with descriptive analytic approach and using a questionnaire as an interview guide. The sample in this study was the house of DHF sufferers and houses within a radius of 100 meters from patients who were in Paccerakkang Village as many as 98 houses and Tamalanrea Village 61 houses were determined using purposive sampling method. The results of this study found that 39.8% of respondents' houses in Paccerakkang were found to be larvae and in Tamalanrea at 62.3%. 3M's behavior in both village is also incomplete and low, namely 14.3% and 13.1% respectively, while the use of bubate abate is 48% and 34.4%. Based on the Density Figure (DF) determined by WHO, the two villages are included in areas with Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) which have a high risk of DHF transmission.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS DAN DISTRIBUSI NYAMUK Aedes spp. DI PANTAI SENGGIGI LOMBOK BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Raodatul Jannah ◽  
Bambang Fajar Suryadi ◽  
Yuliadi Zamroni ◽  
Galuh Tresnani
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Index Value ◽  
June July

Senggigi beach is one of tourist destinations of Lombok island-West Nusa Tenggara. In addition to its beautiful scenery, Senggigi has potential problems in the health field namely Aedes spp., mosquito, which became a dengue vector. This explorative and descriptive research, has been done in June-July 2017 and aimed to observe the bioecology of Aedes spp., mosquito in Senggigi beach. Sampling was done with purposive sampling method, by collecting larvae and adult mosquito Aedes spp., at specified sampling point. The collected samples then identified. The result of the study, two species of Aedes spp., mosquitos were found, there are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Breeding habitat of Aedes spp. mosquitos were found in artificial containers. The highest density were 57.5 individuals/100 mL found in the boat habitat and the lowest density were 2 individuals/100 mL in the trash bin. The highest Relative Abundance Index value of Aedes aegypti were 100% in fish pond habitat and Aedes albopictus was 100% in three different habitats (used tire, sterofoam box and used bowl). The selection of Aedes albopictus habitat in clear and dirty water, near the yard of the house with dense vegetation rather than densely populated makes the distribution more widespread. Meanwhile, Aedes aegypti was only distributed in clear water habitats, near densely populated settlements.

scholarly journals Biogeography of the two major arbovirus mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae), in Madagascar

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fara NANTENAINA Raharimalala ◽  
Lala HARIVELO Ravaomanarivo ◽  
Pierre Ravelonandro ◽  
Lala SAHONDRA Rafarasoa ◽  
Karima Zouache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Vectors

scholarly journals Insect-specific viruses regulate vector competence in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes via expression of histone H4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roenick P. Olmo ◽  
Yaovi Mathias H. Todjro ◽  
Eric R. G. R. Aguiar ◽  
Joao Paulo P. de Almeida ◽  
Juliana N. Armache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Host Factor ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are major mosquito vectors for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. Mosquitoes also carry insect-specific viruses (ISVs) that may affect the transmission of arboviruses. Here, we analyzed the global virome in urban Aedes mosquitoes and observed that two insect-specific viruses, Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV) and Humaita Tubiacanga virus (HTV), were the most prevalent in A. aegypti worldwide except for African cities, where transmission of arboviruses is low. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed that presence of HTV and PCLV led to a 200% increase in the chances of having DENV in wild mosquitoes. In the laboratory, we showed that HTV and PCLV prevented downregulation of histone H4, a previously unrecognized proviral host factor, and rendered mosquitoes more susceptible to DENV and ZIKV. Altogether, our data reveals a molecular basis for the regulation of A. aegypti vector competence by highly prevalent ISVs that may impact how we analyze the risk of arbovirus outbreaks.

scholarly journals Improved adulticidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from synergy between Cinnamomum spp. essential oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirapon Aungtikun ◽  
Mayura Soonwera
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

AbstractImproved natural adulticidal agents against mosquito vectors are in urgent need, and essential oils from Cinnamomum plants can assume this role quite readily. Cinnamomum verum, C. cassia, and C. loureiroi essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the barks and evaluated for their chemical composition by GC–MS. The major constituent of the three EOs was cinnamaldehyde. WHO susceptibility tests on individual and combined EOs as well as cinnamaldehyde were conducted against female adults of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. All EO combinations exhibited a synergistic effect, manifesting a higher toxicity, with a synergistic value ranging from 2.9 to 6.7. Their increasing mortality value was improved between 16.0 to 41.7%. The highest synergistic effect was achieved by an EO combination of 0.5% C. cassia + 0.5% C. loureiroi, while the highest insecticidal activity was achieved by 2.5% C. verum + 2.5% C. cassia and 1% cinnamaldehyde, with a knockdown and mortality rate of 100% and a KT50 between 0.7 and 2.1 min. This combination was more toxic to both mosquito species than 1% w/v cypermethrin. These findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde and synergistic combinations of C. verum + C. cassia EOs and C. cassia + C. loureiroi EOs have a high insecticidal efficacy against Aedes populations.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity of Flower Extracts from Clitoria ternatea against Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Darvin R. Ravindran ◽  
Madhuri Bharathithasan ◽  
Patmani Ramaiah ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Dinesh Rajendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea

Mosquitoes have always been a human health threat; the major global health problems caused by them are malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Zika as well as several other vector-borne outbreaks. The major problems in controlling these vectors borne diseases are related to resistance to eradication measures. Different classes of insecticides used for controlling public health have raised the concern of resistant problems with mosquitoes and environmental pollution caused by the control measures. Thus, a search for alternative natural compounds is necessary for solving the insecticidal resistance problem using pesticides in the larval stage of vector development as well as creating a chemical-free environment for a healthy society. Hence, the major focus of this study is to identify the larvicidal mechanisms, metabolite, antioxidants, and chemical compounds and elucidate their structures from C. ternatea flower and to test their efficacies against early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Clitoria ternatea flowers were collected from the garden of the Faculty of Medicine in International Quest University, Ipoh, Perak, and thence used for crude extraction. Further on, the metabolite test, antioxidant test, and chromatography techniques were conducted to identify the chemical composition of extracts and their chemical structures were identified using GCMS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu). Next, the extracts were evaluated against the early 4th instar larvae of Aedes mosquito vectors following the WHO procedures for larval bioassays. The larvicidal activity of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts evidently affected the early 4th instar larvae of Aedes mosquito vectors. The highest larvicidal activity was observed against the early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with the LC50 and LC95 values of 1056 and 2491 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the larvae bioassay test for Aedes albopictus recorded the LC50 and LC95 values of 1425 and 2753 mg/L. Moreover, the results for nontarget organism test on guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata, showed no mortalities with flower extracts at 2500 mg/L, hence posing no toxic effects on fish. In this study, we have found a total of 16 chemical compounds and 6 chemical compounds have been reported to possess direct insecticidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal effects. Six chemicals with insecticidal properties were found to be glycerin, 2-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, neophytadiene, n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, and octadecanoic acid with a total of 28.7% efficacy. Clitoria ternatea flower extracts also showed different types of phenols such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and tannins. Our findings showed that the crude extract of Clitoria ternatea flower bioactive molecules is effective and may be developed as biolarvicide for Aedes mosquito vector control. Furthermore, this study also provided a baseline understanding for future research work in the field of applications of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts for their long-term effects on human health such as a food additive, antioxidant, and cosmetic.

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