Transmission of human cytomegalovirus via breastmilk and potential risks to very preterm infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Klaus Hamprecht ◽  
Rangmar Goelz
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Iq Scores

Breastfeeding has clear short-term benefits for the baby1. Additionally, based on a prospective long-term cohort study from Brazil, breastfeeding is associated with improved IQ scores and increased educational attainment 30 years later2. During lactation, mother-to-infant transmission of viral infections like HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), may occur. The article presented here will focus on the dynamics of HCMV shedding into breastmilk, describe the short- and long-term risks of HCMV infection of small preterm infants, and options for prevention.

scholarly journals Maternal Vaginal Ureaplasma spp. Colonization in Early Pregnancy Is Associated with Adverse Short- and Long-Term Outcome of Very Preterm Infants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Judith Rittenschober-Böhm ◽  
Tanja Habermüller ◽  
Thomas Waldhoer ◽  
Renate Fuiko ◽  
Stefan M. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Short And Long Term

Vaginal colonization with Ureaplasma (U.) spp. has been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome; however, data on neonatal outcome are scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate whether maternal vaginal colonization with U. spp. in early pregnancy represents a risk factor for adverse short- or long-term outcome of preterm infants. Previously, 4330 pregnant women were enrolled in an observational multicenter study, analyzing the association between vaginal U. spp. colonization and spontaneous preterm birth. U. spp. colonization was diagnosed via PCR analysis from vaginal swabs. For this study, data on short-term outcome were collected from medical records and long-term outcome was examined via Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 24 months adjusted age. Two-hundred-and-thirty-eight children were born <33 weeks gestational age. After exclusion due to asphyxia, malformations, and lost-to-follow-up, data on short-term and long-term outcome were available from 222 and 92 infants, respectively. Results show a significant association between vaginal U. spp. colonization and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (10.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.03), retinopathy of prematurity (21.7% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.03), and adverse psychomotor outcome (24.3% vs. 1.8%, OR 13.154, 95%CI 1.6,110.2, p = 0.005). The data suggest an association between vaginal U. spp. colonization in early pregnancy and adverse short- and long-term outcome of very preterm infants.

scholarly journals Short and long term outcome of neonatal hyperglycemia in very preterm infants: a retrospective follow-up study

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Margreth van der Lugt ◽  
Vivianne EHJ Smits-Wintjens ◽  
Paul HT van Zwieten ◽  
Frans J Walther
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Neonatal Hyperglycemia

Survival and Short Term Outcomes of Very Preterm Infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
R Kishore Kumar ◽  
Chandra Kumar Natarajan ◽  
S V Girish ◽  
Nandini Nagar ◽  
A R Suma
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Dutch Cohort of Very Preterm Infants: Prevalence, Mortality, and Long-Term Outcomes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Imren ◽  
Lotte E. Vlug ◽  
Barbara A. E. de Koning ◽  
Tessa Diertens ◽  
Heleen E. Snel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Surgical Complication ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Anastomotic Strictures ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

Abstract Introduction To improve counseling of parents and to guide care strategies, we studied the disease course and outcomes of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) up to 2 years of corrected age (CA) from a multidisciplinary perspective. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study in preterm infants (birth weight < 1,500 g, gestational age < 32 weeks), diagnosed with NEC (Bell's stage ≥ II) from 2008 through 2020. Data on prevalence, mortality, surgery, intestinal failure (IF), growth, and neurodevelopment at 2-year follow-up were separately analyzed for medically and surgically treated children. Results Of 3,456 preterm infants, 200 (6%) were diagnosed with NEC, of whom 135 developed an indication for surgery within 7 days after the diagnosis; 28/135 died before surgery, and 37/107 died after an open-and-close procedure. An enterostomy was constructed in 62 patients and an end-to-end anastomosis in 15. The postoperative course was described for 77 patients, of whom 23 developed surgical complications (12/23 incisional hernias, 9/23 anastomotic strictures), 13/77 a short bowel, and 25/77 IF. Sixty-day survival after birth for medical NEC patients was 88% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.698; p = 0.318), and for surgically treated NEC patients was 40% (HR: 3.729; p < 0.001). At 2-year follow-up, one patient received parenteral nutrition. Severe delay in weight for age, motor, and cognitive development was seen in 3, 6, and 2%, respectively. Conclusion In this cohort, the mortality rate was high, especially in surgically treated NEC patients. The surgical complication rate is comparable to previous studies, but in surviving patients, persisting IF and severe delay in growth and neurodevelopment at 2 years CA were relatively rare.

Long-term effects of pain in infants

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Grunau ◽  
Jillian Vinall Miller ◽  
Cecil M. Y. Chau
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm

The long-term effects of infant pain are complex, and vary depending on how early in life the exposure occurs, due to differences in developmental maturity of specific systems underway. Changes to later pain sensitivity reflect multiple factors such as age at pain stimulation, extent of tissue damage, type of noxious insult, intensity, and duration. In both full-term and preterm infants exposed to hospitalization, sequelae of early pain are confounded by parental separation and quality of pain treatment. Neonates born very preterm are outside the protective uterine environment, with repeated exposure to pain occurring during fetal life. Especially for infants born in the late second trimester, the cascade of autonomic, hormonal, and inflammatory responses to procedures may induce excitotoxicity with widespread effects on the brain. Quantitative advanced imaging techniques have revealed that neonatal pain in very preterm infants is associated with altered brain development during the neonatal period and beyond. Recent studies now provide evidence of pathways reflecting mechanisms that may underlie the emerging association between cumulative procedural pain exposure and neurodevelopment and behavior in children born very preterm. Owing to immaturity of the central nervous system, repetitive pain in very preterm neonates contributes to alterations in multiple aspects of development. Importantly, there is strong evidence that parental caregiving to reduce pain and stress in preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) may prevent adverse effects, and sensitive parenting after NICU discharge may help ameliorate potential long-term effects.

Long-term outcomes of antenatal corticosteroids treatment in very preterm infants after chorioamnionitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Miyazaki ◽  
Madoka Furuhashi ◽  
Kaoru Ishikawa ◽  
Koji Tamakoshi ◽  
Kazutoshi Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm
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