Community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection and Australian food animals

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele M Squire ◽  
Daniel R Knight ◽  
Thomas V Riley
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Infectious Diarrhoea ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic Gram positive spore-forming bacterium, the leading cause of infectious diarrhoea (C. difficile infection; CDI) in hospitalised humans. The assumption that CDI is primarily a hospital-acquired infection is being questioned. Community-acquired CDI (CA-CDI) is increasing1 particularly in groups previously considered at low risk2,3. In Australia, CA-CDI rates doubled during 2011 and increased by 24% between 2011 and 20124. Two potentially high-risk practices in Australian food animal husbandry may present a risk for CA-CDI: slaughtering of neonatal animals for food, and effluent recycling to agriculture.

▼ Bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Recurrence ◽  
Infectious Diarrhoea ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Prevention Of Recurrence

Clostridium difficile infection is a significant cause of infectious diarrhoea and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.1,2 Management of Clostridium difficile infection often requires treatment with antibiotics (metronidazole, vancomycin or fidaxomicin) alongside supportive care to manage hydration, electrolytes and nutrition. However, the risk of recurrence is approximately 20%.2 Here, we review the evidence for bezlotoxumab (▼ Zinplava - Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited), a monoclonal antibody licensed for the prevention of recurrence of Clostridium difficile in adults who are at high risk of recurrence.

scholarly journals Probiotics to Reduce Clostridium difficile Infection: Clinical Experience in a Tertiary Care Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S384-S384
Author(s):  
Maggie Box ◽  
Kristine Ortwine ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background There is conflicting clinical data regarding the efficacy of probiotics to prevent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The goal of this study is to compare rates of hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection (HA-CDI) among patients receiving antibiotics with or without concomitant administration of probiotics. Methods This retrospective, cohort study compares hospitalized patients who received antibiotics alone vs. antibiotics plus a multi-strain probiotic preparation of lactobacillus over a six month time period. Probiotics were given at the discretion of the physician. The primary outcome was incidence in HA-CDI (defined as onset after hospital day three) between groups. Results A total of 1,576 patients met selection criteria, with 927 patients receiving antibiotics alone and 649 patients receiving antibiotics plus probiotics. HA-CDI rates were 0.9% and 1.8% (P = 0.16), respectively. In a subgroup analysis of patients in the antibiotic only group, patients who received similar antibiotic exposure as the probiotics group (n = 284) had no difference in rates of HA-CDI (1.8% vs. 1.8%; P = 1.0). Conclusion Probiotic administration did not decrease rates of HA-CDI in our institution. We recommend prioritizing resources to other CDI reduction measures such as decreasing antibiotic exposure and preventing transmission. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

High risk of hospital-acquired infection in the ICU patient

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEIGH G. DONOWITZ ◽  
RICHARD P. WENZEL ◽  
JOHN W. HOYT
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals The Effect of Hospital-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection on In-Hospital Mortality

2010 ◽  
Vol 170 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Oake ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
Carl van Walraven ◽  
Kumanan Wilson ◽  
Virginia Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals Postoperative Burden of Hospital-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid M. Abdelsattar ◽  
Greta Krapohl ◽  
Layan Alrahmani ◽  
Mousumi Banerjee ◽  
Robert W. Krell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVEClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common hospital-acquired infection. Previous reports on the incidence, risk factors, and impact of CDI on resources in the surgical population are limited. In this context, we study CDI across diverse surgical settings.METHODSWe prospectively identified patients with laboratory-confirmed postoperative CDI after 40 different general, vascular, or gynecologic surgeries at 52 academic and community hospitals between July 2012 and September 2013. We used multivariable regression models to identify CDI risk factors and to determine the impact of CDI on resource utilization.RESULTSOf 35,363 patients, 179 (0.51%) developed postoperative CDI. The highest rates of CDI occurred after lower-extremity amputation (2.6%), followed by bowel resection or repair (0.9%) and gastric or esophageal operations (0.7%). Gynecologic and endocrine operations had the lowest rates (0.1% and 0%, respectively). By multivariable analyses, older age, chronic immunosuppression, hypoalbuminemia (≤3.5 g/dL), and preoperative sepsis were associated with CDI. Use of prophylactic antibiotics was not independently associated with CDI, neither was sex, body mass index (BMI), surgical priority, weight loss, or comorbid conditions. Three procedure groups had higher odds of postoperative CDI: lower-extremity amputations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.5; P=.03), gastric or esophageal operations (aOR, 2.1; P=.04), and bowel resection or repair (aOR, 2; P=.04). Postoperative CDI was independently associated with increased length of stay (mean, 13.7 d vs 4.5 d), emergency department presentations (18.9 vs 9.1%) and readmissions (38.9% vs 7.2%, all P<.001).CONCLUSIONSIncidence of postoperative CDI varies by surgical procedure. Postoperative CDI is also associated with higher rates of extended length of stay, emergency room presentations, and readmissions, which places a potentially preventable burden on hospital resources.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(1): 40–46

The Impact of Observation Units on the Rate of Hospital-Acquired Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1318-1320
Author(s):  
Anna Dow Sheahan ◽  
Kent A. Sepkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Observation Units ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Using Clostridium difficile as an example, we calculated the impact that reduced inpatient-day denominators resulting from implemen¬tation of hospital observation units would have on hospital-acquired infection rates. Using proposed scenarios of reduced inpatient-days, we estimated an increase in the hospital-acquired C. difficile infection rate of up to 12%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document