scholarly journals Bats as a source of emerging zoonotic diseases – the interface with wildlife

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Lin-Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are defined as infections that have newly appeared in a population or have undergone a rapid change in incidence or geographic location1. Since 1940s, more than 300 EIDs have been recorded2, most of which are viruses. Approximately 75% of human EIDs originated from animals. Of all the EIDs, zoonoses from wildlife represent the most significant threat to human health. Zoonotic EIDs have been identified in a variety of wildlife animals, including ungulates, carnivores, rodents, primates, bats and other mammal and non-mammal species. AIDS, the most significant EID of modern times, originated from non-human primates. Rodents have long been recognised as an important source of EIDs including hantavirus, plaque and lyme disease3. In the last few decades, bats (Order Chiroptera) have received growing attention as reservoirs for EIDs. Particularly, a number of high profile zoonotic viruses with significant human and animal morbidity and mortality have been linked to bat reservoirs4,5.

scholarly journals Emerging zoonoses in Indonesia: implication for the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Toni Wandra
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Zoonoses ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) defines zoonotic diseases (zoonoses) as those diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. More than 250 zoonoses have been described, over 60% of pathogens that cause diseases in humans are zoonoses of animals, and 75% of emerging infectious diseases. Most pandemics are caused by zoonoses.

Veterinary Pathogens and its Economical Importance.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
The Cost

The bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms present in blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals or animals that can cause disease. The most common infectious diseases of veterinary importance include several species of Trypanosoma, Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma [1] Many zoonotic bloodborne pathogens circulate between animals and humans affecting human health and economic sectors. The cost of zoonotic diseases has been estimated about U$20 billion and affect economies as a whole [2].

Research Activities of Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-822
Author(s):  
Hideaki Higashi ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Kida
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
University Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The University ◽  
Biosafety Level

The Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control (CZC) established the Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia (HUCZCZ) at the School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, in 2007 to control zoonotic diseases in the areas of South Africa, where various emerging infectious diseases have occurred. The CZC promotes epidemiological studies and basic researches of infectious diseases caused by viruses, protozoa, and bacteria by using the biosafety level 3 facility in the HUCZCZ. This article introduces research activities of the HUCZCZ in Zambia.

scholarly journals Stochastic dynamics of an epidemics with recurrent spillovers from an endemic reservoir

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Voinson ◽  
Alexandra Alvergne ◽  
Sylvain Billiard ◽  
Charline Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Stochastic Dynamics ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Direct Transmission ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Incidental Host

AbstractMost emerging human infectious diseases have an animal origin. Yet, while zoonotic diseases originate from a primary reservoir, most theoretical studies have principally focused on single-host processes, either exclusively humans or exclusively animals, without considering the importance of animal to human transmission for understanding the dynamics of emerging infectious diseases. Here we aim to investigate the importance of spillover transmission for explaining the number and the size of outbreaks. We propose a simple stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model with a recurrent infection of an incidental host from a reservoir (e.g. humans by a zoonotic species), considering two modes of transmission, (1) animal-to-human and (2) human-to-human. The model assumes that (i) epidemiological processes are faster than other processes such as demographics or pathogen evolution and (ii) that an epidemic occurs until there are no susceptible individuals left. The results show that during an epidemic, even when the pathogens are barely contagious, multiple outbreaks are observed due to spillover transmission. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the only consideration of direct transmission between individuals is not sufficient to explain the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in an incidental host.

Imaging Infection Across Scales of Size: From Whole Animals to Single Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Skaar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Infection Biology

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and the threat of infectious diseases to human health is steadily increasing as new diseases emerge, existing diseases reemerge, and antimicrobial resistance expands. The application of imaging technology to the study of infection biology has the potential to uncover new factors that are critical to the outcome of host-pathogen interactions and to lead to innovations in diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. This article reviews current and future opportunities for the application of imaging to the study of infectious diseases, with a particular focus on the power of imaging objects across a broad range of sizes to expand the utility of these approaches. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Importance of Wildlife Disease Monitoring as Part of Global Surveillance for Zoonotic Diseases: The Role of Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Woods ◽  
Andrea Reiss ◽  
Keren Cox-Witton ◽  
Tiggy Grillo ◽  
Andrew Peters
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Wildlife Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Health Practitioners

Australia has a comprehensive system of capabilities and functions to prepare, detect and respond to health security threats. Strong cooperative links and coordination mechanisms exist between the human (public health) and animal arms of the health system in Australia. Wildlife is included in this system. Recent reviews of both the animal and human health sectors have highlighted Australia’s relative strengths in the detection and management of emerging zoonotic diseases. However, the risks to Australia posed by diseases with wildlife as part of their epidemiology will almost certainly become greater with changing land use and climate change and as societal attitudes bring wildlife, livestock and people into closer contact. These risks are not isolated to Australia but are global. A greater emphasis on wildlife disease surveillance to assist in the detection of emerging infectious diseases and integration of wildlife health into One Health policy will be critical in better preparing Australia and other countries in their efforts to recognize and manage the adverse impacts of zoonotic diseases on human health. Animal and human health practitioners are encouraged to consider wildlife in their day to day activities and to learn more about Australia’s system and how they can become more involved by visiting www.wildlifeheathaustralia.com.au.

scholarly journals Ecological Factors of Transmission, Persistence and Circulation of Pathogens In Bat Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
S. Zemanová ◽  
Ľ. Korytár ◽  
Z. Benkő ◽  
M. Prokeš ◽  
A. Ondrejková
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The existence of bats is crucial for all ecosystem units as they fulfil numerous ecological roles. However, they are also considered to be natural reservoirs of a wide range of zoonotic microorganisms, especially viruses. In this review article we briefly summarize current knowledge about various ecological factors that facilitate bat pathogen dispersal and about the current approaches to monitoring viral communities present within bat populations. On the basis of the cited papers, we suggest that the increased focus on complex viral populations in bats and their interactions with other populations and the environment is necessary to fully comprehend the relationship between emerging infectious diseases, the environment and their toll on human health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document