scholarly journals The Concept of One Health - a holistic approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Julia Landford
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Human Ecosystem ◽  
Global Movement

‘One Health’ is a global movement of practitioners and policy-makers to support a better understanding of the ecology of diseases at the animal–human–ecosystem interface. Globally, diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1 HPAI) have resulted in significant human fatalities, animal deaths and multi-billion dollar impacts. Several recent disease events in Australia also highlight the complexity of these issues including outbreaks of Hendra virus in Queensland and northern New South Wales resulting in four human fatalities and dozens of horse deaths. At a broader level, Australia faces ongoing challenges with infectious diseases such as air-borne influenza, antibiotic resistant diseases and food-borne disease outbreaks which have regular impacts on public health. The complexity surrounding transmission of diseases at the animal–human–ecosystem interface highlights the need for multidisciplinary approaches – known as One Health approaches. While there has been some progress with advocacy of One Health in Australia, stronger political will is needed to break down sectoral and disciplinary silos and to enable more effective measures at the operational level.

scholarly journals Solving the Mystery of an Outbreak Using the One Health Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Bartlow ◽  
Tanya Vickers
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One ◽  
Global Health Challenge

Zoonotic diseases pass between humans and other animals and are a major global health challenge. Lyme disease, SARS, swine flu, and Ebola are all examples of diseases spilling over to humans from other animals. Students may hear about these outbreaks in the news but learn very little about them in the classroom. We describe an activity designed to teach high school or college students about zoonotic disease outbreaks. This case-based lesson also introduces how habitat disruption can lead to far-reaching impacts on livestock and humans, often indirectly. Collaborative problem solving is used to explore the One Health concept and a real-world spillover event involving Hendra virus. Active learning using a “jigsaw” format to model the value of multiple stakeholders engages students in tracing the path of transmission for a pathogen. The scenario and class activity demonstrate how scientists and health professionals routinely work together to figure out the chain of transmission for a novel pathogen and use this information to limit the spread of disease.

A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health, public health, and One Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110030
Author(s):  
Craig N. Carter ◽  
Jacqueline L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.

Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in the United States, 1973

1975 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hughes ◽  
M. H. Merson ◽  
R. A. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Borne

scholarly journals Investigation of an outbreak of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae using a simplified opa-typing method

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. PALMER ◽  
J. P. LEEMING ◽  
A. TURNER
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci have been isolated from patients in the United Kingdom since 1993. Until recently, evidence has suggested that the majority of infections are not endemic but have been acquired abroad. In October 1999, increasing numbers of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of the non-requiring auxotype were reported in Oldham and Rochdale (Northwest England). These and similar isolates from elsewhere in England and Wales were genetically characterized using a simplified opa-typing method (a non-radioactive PCR–RFLP method targeting the opa family of genes). Of 73 isolates studied, 24 had unique opa-types (10 from infections acquired abroad), whilst the remaining 49 were indistinguishable (none were known to be acquired abroad). This cluster included 31 isolates from Oldham and Rochdale, 16 from elsewhere in the north of England, and 2 from Southern England and South Wales with known epidemiological links to cases from Manchester and Rochdale respectively. This study illustrates the potential for spread of an antibiotic resistant clone of N. gonorrhoeae both locally and nationally and demonstrates that endemic acquisition of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonococci is now a significant problem in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals Chloroquine Administration Does Not Prevent Nipah Virus Infection and Disease in Ferrets

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (22) ◽  
pp. 11979-11982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Pallister ◽  
Deborah Middleton ◽  
Gary Crameri ◽  
Manabu Yamada ◽  
Reuben Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Sporadic Disease

ABSTRACT Hendra virus and Nipah virus, two zoonotic paramyxoviruses in the genus Henipavirus, have recently emerged and continue to cause sporadic disease outbreaks in humans and animals. Mortality rates of up to 75% have been reported in humans, but there are presently no clinically licensed therapeutics for treating henipavirus-induced disease. A recent report indicated that chloroquine, used in malaria therapy for over 70 years, prevented infection with Nipah virus in vitro. Chloroquine was assessed using a ferret model of lethal Nipah virus infection and found to be ineffective against Nipah virus infection in vivo.

scholarly journals Biological and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Jumbo Bacteriophage, vB_VhaM_pir03 with Broad Host Lytic Activity against Vibrio harveyi

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Gerald N. Misol ◽  
Constantina Kokkari ◽  
Pantelis Katharios
Keyword(s):  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative marine bacterium that causes major disease outbreaks and economic losses in aquaculture. Phage therapy has been considered as a potential alternative to antibiotics however, candidate bacteriophages require comprehensive characterization for a safe and practical phage therapy. In this work, a lytic novel jumbo bacteriophage, vB_VhaM_pir03 belonging to the Myoviridae family was isolated and characterized against V. harveyi type strain DSM19623. It had broad host lytic activity against 31 antibiotic-resistant strains of V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. campbellii and V. owensii. Adsorption time of vB_VhaM_pir03 was determined at 6 min while the latent-phase was at 40 min and burst-size at 75 pfu/mL. vB_VhaM_pir03 was able to lyse several host strains at multiplicity-of-infections (MOI) 0.1 to 10. The genome of vB_VhaM_pir03 consists of 286,284 base pairs with 334 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). No virulence, antibiotic resistance, integrase encoding genes and transducing potential were detected. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analysis showed that vB_VhaM_pir03 is a novel bacteriophage displaying the highest similarity to another jumbo phage, vB_BONAISHI infecting Vibrio coralliilyticus. Experimental phage therapy trial using brine shrimp, Artemia salina infected with V. harveyi demonstrated that vB_VhaM_pir03 was able to significantly reduce mortality 24 h post infection when administered at MOI 0.1 which suggests that it can be an excellent candidate for phage therapy.

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

scholarly journals Surveillance of acute infectious gastroenteritis (1992–2009) and food-borne disease outbreaks (1996–2009) in Italy, with a focus on the Piedmont and Lombardy regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mughini-Gras ◽  
C Graziani ◽  
F Biorci ◽  
A Pavan ◽  
R Magliola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
And Control

We describe trends in the occurrence of acute infectious gastroenteritis (1992 to 2009) and food-borne disease outbreaks (1996 to 2009) in Italy. In 2002, the Piedmont region implemented a surveillance system for early detection and control of food-borne disease outbreaks; in 2004, the Lombardy region implemented a system for surveillance of all notifiable human infectious diseases. Both systems are internet based. We compared the regional figures with the national mean using official notification data provided by the National Infectious Diseases Notification System (SIMI) and the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), in order to provide additional information about the epidemiology of these diseases in Italy. When compared with the national mean, data from the two regional systems showed a significant increase in notification rates of non-typhoid salmonellosis and infectious diarrhoea other than non-typhoid salmonellosis, but for food-borne disease outbreaks, the increase was not statistically significant. Although the two regional systems have different objectives and structures, they showed improved sensitivity regarding notification of cases of acute infectious gastroenteritis and, to a lesser extent, food-borne disease outbreaks, and thus provide a more complete picture of the epidemiology of these diseases in Italy.

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