scholarly journals Emergence of bacterial resistance to microbicides and antibiotics

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Maillard
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Public awareness of the role of microorganisms in infection and spoilage and the role of the media in highlighting poor hygiene and the failure of healthcare settings in preventing hospital-acquired infections, have fuelled the use of products containing one or several microbicides in the healthcare environment but also at home. The number of such products with a microbicidal claim is increasing rapidly, although their impact on the microbial flora, notably in terms of emerging antimicrobial resistance has not been documented. With increasing evidence that microbicides can lead to bacterial resistance and cross-resistance to antibiotics, concerns have been expressed regarding the indiscriminate used of microbicidal products. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the use of microbicides in the healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in healthcare, agriculture and the environment: the biochemistry behind the headlines

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Venter ◽  
Michael L. Henningsen ◽  
Stephanie L. Begg
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious issues facing us today. The scale of the problem is illustrated by the recent commitment of Heads of State at the UN to coordinate efforts to curb the spread of AMR infections. In this review, we explore the biochemistry behind the headlines of a few stories that were recently published in the public media. We focus on examples from three different issues related to AMR: (i) hospital-acquired infections, (ii) the spread of resistance through animals and/or the environment and (iii) the role of antimicrobial soaps and other products containing disinfectants in the dissemination of AMR. Although these stories stem from three very different settings, the underlying message in all of them is the same: there is a direct relationship between the use of antimicrobials and the development of resistance. In addition, one type of antimicrobial could select for cross-resistance to another type and/or for multidrug resistance. Therefore, we argue the case for increased stewardship to not only cover clinical use of antibiotics, but also the use of antimicrobials in agriculture and stewardship of our crucially important biocides such as chlorhexidine.

Abstract WP366: Readmission for an Infection After a Stroke Admission: The Role of Hospital Acquired Infections

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia K Boehme ◽  
Maitreyi Oka ◽  
Bevin Cohen ◽  
Barun Mathema ◽  
Elaine Larson
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals Avoiding ventilator-associated pneumonia: Curcumin-functionalized endotracheal tube and photodynamic action

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 22967-22973
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Zangirolami ◽  
Lucas D. Dias ◽  
Kate C. Blanco ◽  
Carolina S. Vinagreiro ◽  
Natalia M. Inada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital-acquired infections are a global health problem that threatens patients’ treatment in intensive care units, causing thousands of deaths and a considerable increase in hospitalization costs. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is a medical device placed in the patient’s trachea to assist breathing and delivering oxygen into the lungs. However, bacterial biofilms forming at the surface of the ETT and the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria are considered the primary causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a severe hospital-acquired infection for significant mortality. Under these circumstances, there has been a need to administrate antibiotics together. Although necessary, it has led to a rapid increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop alternatives to prevent and combat these bacterial infections. One possibility is to turn the ETT itself into a bactericide. Some examples reported in the literature present drawbacks. To overcome those issues, we have designed a photosensitizer-containing ETT to be used in photodynamic inactivation (PDI) to avoid bacteria biofilm formation and prevent VAP occurrence during tracheal intubation. This work describes ETT’s functionalization with curcumin photosensitizer, as well as its evaluation in PDI against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. A significant photoinactivation (up to 95%) against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was observed when curcumin-functionalized endotracheal (ETT-curc) was used. These remarkable results demonstrate this strategy’s potential to combat hospital-acquired infections and contribute to fighting antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Microbial Environmental Pollution in ICUs: Results, Trends, and Suggestions from a Long-Lasting Surveillance

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Daniela D’Alessandro ◽  
Massimo Fabiani ◽  
Letizia Appolloni
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Surgical Icus ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Microbiological Surveillance

Intensive care units (ICUs) are special areas in hospitals for patients with severe and life-threatening diseases. ICUs are of several categories, such as neonatal ICUs, cardiac ICUs, neurological ICUs, surgical ICUs, etc. The ICUs’ patients may show a high susceptibility for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) depending on underlying disease, duration of stay and treatment. ICUs are considered potential reservoirs for (opportunistic) pathogenic microbial strains and the risk of acquiring infection in these hospital environments is higher than in others. Several studies show the role of inanimate surface and equipment contamination in the transmission of pathogens to ICU patients. The aim of this study is to describe the results of 124 sampling campaigns performed during 12 years of microbiological surveillance of five ICUs of different categories, for an overall number of 714 samples (232 from air and 482 from surface), to analyze their trends and to elaborate suggestions to improve ICUs’ environmental quality and patients’ safety.

scholarly journals Prescribing antibiotics to pediatric dengue: increasing risk of bacterial resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Dhanunjaya Sandopa ◽  
Sree Keerthi Nethi ◽  
Sai Charitha Sreeram ◽  
Narasimha Kumar Godlaveti Vijay ◽  
Vyshnavi Biradavolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Background Use of antibiotics to treat self-limiting viral infections like dengue fever (DF) without any co-morbid conditions in pediatric patients is common practice in India, and a major contribution of the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the country.Objective To provide an analysis of diagnosis, grading, and prescribing of antibiotics in pediatric inpatients with DF in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India.Methods Data from case sheets of all pediatric inpatients (n=370) diagnosed with DF without co-morbid conditions were collected with regards to diagnosis, grading, presence, and appropriateness of antibiotic usage according to the 2009 WHO Guidelines, the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) of India Guidelines, and the Hospital Infection Society (HIS) Guidelines.Results Platelet count determination (50% of the cases) was the major diagnostic method for dengue. Inappropriate grading of DF was seen in 20% of patients. Almost 75% of the 370 dengue cases were prescribed antibiotics for the expressed purpose of avoiding hospital-acquired infections. A single antibiotic was given in 225 cases (60.81%), 2 antibiotics in 33 (8.91 %) cases, and 3 antibiotics in 9 (2.43%) cases.Conclusions From the results it is clear that antibiotics were prescribed to treat DF where the antibiotics do not have any role. DF is a self-limiting viral infection that can be treated with proper management of hemodynamic status with IV fluids. To avoid the usage of antibiotics in the treatment of dengue, awareness has to be created in healthcare professionals regarding the treatment guidelines for dengue and appropriate use of antibiotics to avoid hospital acquired infections.

scholarly journals Detection of carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species by carbapenemase Nordmann–Poirel test

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morubagal R. Rao ◽  
Pooja Chandrashaker ◽  
Rashmi P. Mahale ◽  
Sowmya G. Shivappa ◽  
Ranjitha S. Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract PURPOSE: Multidrug-resistant organisms causing community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections are increasing at a dangerous rate. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species are an important source of concern since these organisms are not only resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics but also show cross-resistance to other groups of antibiotics. In the present study, rapid detection of these carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species by carbapenemase Nordmann–Poirel (Carba NP) test was evaluated by comparing with modified Hodge test (MHT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species isolated from various samples such as pus, blood, sputum, urine, and endotracheal aspirates were processed for carbapenemase detection by MHT and Carba NP test. Kappa analysis was done to evaluate the percentage agreement between the two tests. RESULTS: Seventy imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas isolates were analyzed in the present study for carbapenemase production. 63.41% ofEnterobacteriaceae and 34.48% of Pseudomonas species were carbapenemase producers considering both the methods. By MHT, 36 (51.42%) isolates and, by Carba NP test, 35 (50%) isolates were positive for carbapenemase production out of the 70 isolates. CONCLUSION: Carba NP test when compared to MHT is a simple, rapid, cost-effective biochemical test which can be used in all laboratories in the identification of life-threatening carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria.

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