The recently discovered primitive (non-Ditrysian) family Palaephatidae (Lepidoptera) in Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Endemic Genus ◽  
Australian Species

The recently described primitive monotrysian heteroneuran moth family Palaephatidae was first discovered from southern South America and is here reported from Australia. The Australian palaephatid fauna consists of one endemic genus, Azaleodes Turner, with one named species, micronipha Turner, and three species here described as new: fuscipes, brachyceros and megaceros. All Australian species are very similar and it has not been possible to separate the females. The males possess an impressive array of hairpencils and pockets with specialised scales on wings and abdomen. One possible additional autapomorphy for the Palaephatidae is listed. The monophyly and systematic position of Azaleodes are discussed; it is concluded that Azaleodes is not the sister-group of the remaining, South American Palaephatidae but is monophyletic with Sesommata Davis and Metaphatus Davis.

A molecular phylogeny of the circum-Antarctic Opiliones family Neopilionidae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
Kate Sheridan ◽  
Caitlin M. Baker ◽  
Christina J. Painting ◽  
Gregory I. Holwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
South American ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family

The Opiliones family Neopilionidae is restricted to the terranes of the former temperate Gondwana: South America, Africa, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Despite decades of morphological study of this unique fauna, it has been difficult reconciling the classic species of the group (some described over a century ago) with recent cladistic morphological work and previous molecular work. Here we attempted to investigate the pattern and timing of diversification of Neopilionidae by sampling across the distribution range of the family and sequencing three markers commonly used in Sanger-based approaches (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I). We recovered a well-supported and stable clade including Ballarra (an Australian ballarrine) and the Enantiobuninae from South America, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, but excluding Vibone (a ballarrine from South Africa). We further found a division between West and East Gondwana, with the South American Thrasychirus/Thrasychiroides always being sister group to an Australian–Zealandian (i.e. Australia + New Zealand + New Caledonia) clade. Resolution of the Australian–Zealandian taxa was analysis-dependent, but some analyses found Martensopsalis, from New Caledonia, as the sister group to an Australian–New Zealand clade. Likewise, the species from New Zealand formed a clade in some analyses, but Mangatangi often came out as a separate lineage from the remaining species. However, the Australian taxa never constituted a monophyletic group, with Ballarra always segregating from the remaining Australian species, which in turn constituted 1–3 clades, depending on the analysis. Our results identify several generic inconsistencies, including the possibility of Thrasychiroides nested within Thrasychirus, Forsteropsalis being paraphyletic with respect to Pantopsalis, and multiple lineages of Megalopsalis in Australia. In addition, the New Zealand Megalopsalis need generic reassignment: Megalopsalis triascuta will require its own genus and M. turneri is here transferred to Forsteropsalis, as Forsteropsalis turneri (Marples, 1944), comb. nov.

New Neogene taxa of the tribe Chlamydini Teppner, 1922 (Pectinidae, Bivalvia) of southern South America

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (06) ◽  
pp. 1088-1104
Author(s):  
María B. Santelli ◽  
Claudia J. del Río
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Antarctic Circumpolar Current ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
Previous Proposal ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Middle Pliocene

AbstractThe Chilean species traditionally assigned to the genera Chlamys Röding, 1798 or Zygochlamys Ihering, 1907 are now placed in two new endemic South American taxa: Dietotenhosen n. gen. (middle Miocene–early middle Pliocene), to include the southeastern Pacific Ocean species D. hupeanus (Philippi, 1887) n. comb. and D. remondi (Philippi, 1887) n. comb., and Ckaraosippur n. gen. (earliest middle Miocene–Pliocene), for C. calderensis (Möricke, 1896) n. comb. (Chile) and C. camachoi n. sp. (Argentina). Both genera are the youngest survivors of the tribe Chlamydini in southern South America. None of them is related to the circumpolar genus Psychrochlamys Jonkers, 2003, and the previous proposal of the dispersal through the Antarctic Circumpolar Current for the species included herein in Dietotenhosen is rejected.UUID: http://zoobank.org/61b4bb50-321f-4b78-9069-609178ef0817

Chronostratigraphy and “Land-Mammal Ages” in the Cenozoic of southern South America: principles, practices, and the “Uquian” problem

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto L. Cione ◽  
Eduardo P. Tonni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
New South ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Matuyama Chron ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Land Mammal

The concept of “land-mammal age” as developed in South America is examined. The “Uquian Land-mammal age” is used as a study case. “Land-mammal age” parataxonomy is here considered methodologically but not conceptually different from chronostratigraphic taxonomy. “Land-mammal ages” in South America are based on stages. However, we consider that accurate biostratigraphic studies must be done in South America for establishing the biostratigraphy and precise boundary stratotypes of most stages-ages. The Uquia outcrops are here considered inadequate as a stratotype. A new South American continental stage-age is proposed. This stage is based on a biostratigraphic scheme. The stratotypes of the stage and biozones are located in the fossiliferous southeastern Buenos Aires Province marine cliffs. The lower boundary stratotype is proposed. The stage-age is probably correlated with the Gauss Chron and the lower Matuyama Chron. Additionally, some major units of Ameghino are validated and a different timing for the arrival of North American mammals to southern South America is presented.

scholarly journals Squamata, Serpentes, Micrurus silviae Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins and Silva, 2007: presence confirmation in Paraguay

Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Cacciali ◽  
Daniel Espínola ◽  
Silvia Centrón Viñales ◽  
Irene Gauto Espínola ◽  
Hugo Cabral
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Natural Grassland

Micrurus silviae is a coralsnake with a triadal pattern, and is one of the eight species found in southern South America. In Paraguay there are six taxa recorded: M. altirostris, M. baliocoryphus, M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus, M. corallinus, and M. lemniscatus carvalhoi. Here we present a record of M. silviae, an additional and seventh species for the country. Previously M. silviae was known only from Rio Grande do Sul state, in southern Brazil. The specimen was found in South American Mesopotamian Grasslands ecoregion, with natural grassland in the Department of Itapúa.

scholarly journals Hassalstrongylus dollfusi (Nematoda, Heligmonellidae): rediscovery in native South American rodents, six decades after its description

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Paula Carolina Serrano ◽  
María Celina Digiani ◽  
María de los Angeles Gómez-Muñoz ◽  
Juliana Notarnicola ◽  
María del Rosario Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
South American ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Free Living ◽  
New Host ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Akodon Azarae ◽  
Wild House Mouse

Hassalstrongylus dollfusi (Díaz-Ungría, 1963) Durette-Desset, 1971 was described in a wild house mouse, Mus musculus, from Venezuela and, since then, has never been reported again in the type host or in any other host. In this work, specimens assignable to H. dollfusi were found at 10 localities in Northeast Argentina, in five species of sigmodontine rodents. The nematodes were attributed to H. dollfusi based on diagnostic characters such as: synlophe with 22–31 subequal ridges; in males, hypertrophy of right ray 4 of the male bursa, thickening of the dorsal ray and bases of rays 8, distal tip of the spicules bent and spoon shaped; and, in females, presence of subventral postvulvar alae supported by hypertrophied struts. The new host recorded are: Oligoryzomys fornesi, O. flavescens, O. nigripes, Holochilus chacarius and Akodon azarae. The parasite showed a strong preference for host species of Oligoryzomys, which appear to act as primary hosts. The parasite could be present, parasitizing different species of Oligoryzomys, in a geographic area from the type locality in Venezuela southward to north Corrientes in Argentina. It has not been reported from populations of Oligoryzomys spp. of the Argentinean and Brazilian Atlantic Forest, nor south of 28° S, which may be explained by constraints in the environmental conditions required by the free-living stages of the parasite. This study provides the first identification and redescription of H. dollfusi in southern South America, from autochthonous hosts, six decades after its description.

scholarly journals Systematics of the spider subfamily Hexathelinae (Dipluridae : Mygalomorphae : Arachnida)

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
RJ Raven
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
To Receive

Two new genera, Plesiothele and Bymainiella, are erected to receive all the Australian species of the subfamily Hexathelinae, which now comprises four genera, including Hexathele with 20 species from New Zealand, and Scotinoecus with two species from South America. Plesiothele is a monotypic Tasmanian genus, type-species Hexathele fentoni Hickman, 1936. Bymainiella comprises 12 new species: B. boycei, B. boydi, B. brindabella, B. cannoni, B. grayi, B. lugubris, B. monteithi, B. montisbossi, B. otwayensis, B. polesoni, B. tubrabucca and B. variabilis; also B. montana (Hickman, 1927), and B. terraereginae (Raven, 1976), the latter being the type-species. The typespecies of Scotinoecus, S. cinereopilosus, is redescribed, and keys to the genera of the subfamily Hexathelinae, and to the Bymainiella species, are given. Two new indices are introduced to overcome the problem of bilateral variability. Bymainiella is believed to be the sister group of Scotinoecus.

Revision of South American stiletto fly genus Argolepida Metz & Irwin (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5068 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-185
Author(s):  
MICHAEL E. IRWIN ◽  
SHAUN L. WINTERTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Southern South America

The stiletto fly genus Argolepida Metz & Irwin, 2003 is revised. Members of this genus are diminutive, yet distinctive, flies restricted to southern South America. Argolepida rivulosa (Kröber, 1928) is redescribed and seven new species are described and figured. A key to species is presented.  

Paralonchothrix gen. nov., the first record of Echimyini (Rodentia, Octodontoidea) in the late Miocene of Southern South America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pedro PIÑERO ◽  
A. Itatí OLIVARES ◽  
Diego H. VERZI ◽  
Victor H. CONTRERAS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Echimyidae is the most widely diversified family among hystricognath rodents, both in the number of species and variety of lifestyles. In the Patagonian Subregion of southern South America, extinct echimyids related to living arboreal species (Echimyini) are recorded up to the middle Miocene, whereas all the known southern fossils since the late Miocene are linked to terrestrial and fossorial lineages currently inhabiting the Chacoan open biome in eastern South America. In this work, we describe a new genus of echimyid rodent, Paralonchothrix gen. nov., from the late Miocene of northwestern Argentina and western Brazil. Its single recognised species, Paralonchothrix ponderosus comb. nov., is represented by two hemimandibles. One of them comes from a level of Loma de Las Tapias Formation, underlying a tuff dated at 7.0 ± 0.9 Ma (Huayquerian age, late Miocene); the other specimen comes from the ‘Araucanense’ of Valle de Santa María (type locality, Huayquerian age, late Miocene). A phylogenetic analysis linked Paralonchothrix to Lonchothrix, both being the sister group to Mesomys. Thereby, for the first time, an echimyid linked to living Amazonian arboreal clades is recognised for the late Miocene of southern South America. Paralonchothrix gen. nov. thus represents an exceptional record that raises the need to review the postulated evolutionary pattern for echimyids recorded at high latitudes since the late Miocene. The new genus provides a minimum age (ca.7 Ma) in the fossil record for the divergence between Mesomys and Lonchothrix. The palaeoenvironmental conditions inferred for the late Miocene in western and northwestern Argentina suggest savanna-type environments, with areas with more closed woodlands in peri-Andean valleys. The record of Paralonchothrix gen. nov. supports the hypothesis that this area would have maintained connections with tropical biomes of northern South America during the late Miocene.

On the taxonomy of southern South American species of the wolf spider genus Allocosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Allocosinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4216 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL SIMÓ ◽  
ARNO A. LISE ◽  
GABRIEL POMPOZZI ◽  
ÁLVARO LABORDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Three species of the genus Allocosa Banks, 1900 from southern South America are redescribed: Allocosa alticeps (Mello-Leitão, 1944), A. brasiliensis (Petrunkevitch, 1910) and A. senex (Mello-Leitão, 1945). The female of A. senex is described for the first time and the species is revalidated. A new species, A. marindia sp. nov. from southern Uruguay and southern Brazil is described. The new species is distinguished by the flattened terminal apophysis of the male bulb and the conspicuous pointed projections on the posterior margin of the female epigynum. The species inhabits in sandy estuarine and oceanic coasts with psammophile vegetation. 

Vindication of Ulota pygmaeothecia (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA MUÑOZ-PUELLES ◽  
FRANCISCO LARA ◽  
VICENTE MAZIMPAKA ◽  
RICARDO GARILLETI
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
South American ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Ulota pygmaeothecia (Müll.Hal.) Kindb. and Ulota luteola (Hook.f. & Wilson) Wijk & Margad. are two epiphytic mosses from the evergreen Magellanic rainforests of southern South America. Both mosses have been considered as distinct species since their original description, with their specific status retained following the comprehensive review by Nicolajs Malta of South American Ulota (1927). Recently the synonymization of U. pygmaeothecia and U. luteola was proposed (Wang & Jia 2016), based mainly on the similarities stated in the protologues and the study of the available type specimens of U. pygmaeothecia and U. fulvella, as the type materials of U. luteola were lost in the mail. In the present paper, all available type material for names associated with these two taxa, together with additional specimens recently collected, have been studied in depth. As a result, it has been found that both mosses show important sporophytic and gametophytic differences, both qualitative and quantitative, that allow for a precise distinction between them and they are reinstated here as distinct species. The morphological features that best differentiate U. luteola and U. pygmaeothecia are discussed and illustrated with light microscope and SEM pictures. Finally, an updated and detailed description of each species is presented.

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