Cryptic species diversity and character congruence: review of the tribe Anthracini (Diptera : Bombyliidae) in Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yeates ◽  
Christine L. Lambkin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Species Groups

The Australian Anthracini are revised. In all, 28 new species are described, bringing the total fauna to 34 species. The previously described species of Anthrax Scopoli – A. maculatus Macquart, A. incomptus Walker, A. confluensisRoberts, A. lepidiotus Roberts and A. proconcisus Hardy – are diagnosed and the following eight new species of Anthrax are described: A. argentia, A. asciculus, A. clinatus, A. crenatus, A. dolabratus, A. funestus, A. opacus and A. torulus. This taxonomic study reveals a group of at least 20 cryptic species previously included in collections under the name Anthrax angularis Thomson. A new genus, Thraxan, is erected to contain this cryptic group of species and the following 20 new species are described: T. acutus, T. abditus, T. caligneus, T. cinctus, T. cornuatus, T. depressus, T. echinatus, T. ebenus, T. emicatus, T. hamulus, T. luteus, T. misatulus, T. nodus, T. norrisi, T. obstipus, T. patielus, T. planus, T. prolatus, T. simulatusand T. spiculus. Many of these cryptic species have been collected sympatrically, hill topping together in eastern Australia. A key is provided to the species of Anthrax and Thraxan, genitalia drawings are presented for most species and distribution maps of all species are presented. A cladistic analysis of the species of Anthrax and Thraxan is also presented. A total of 26 of the species is compared for 125 synapomorphies in 39 adult morphological characters. Three species-groups were found: Thraxan, and two species-groups within Anthrax, the A. proconcisus species-group and the A. maculatusspecies-group. Previous authors divided Anthrax into species-groups on the basis of wing patterns, but found that these species-groups were not confirmed when other characters were taken into consideration. We studied the congruence of seven different character sets within the clade comprising Anthrax and Thraxan – antennae, venation, wing patterns, vestiture, genitalia, male genitalia and female genitalia – using several incongruence indices. Significance of incongruence was measured using a randomisation procedure. Results of these studies indicate that the wing-pattern character set is significantly incongruent with the other morphological data. These quantitative cladistic results explain the difficulty previous authors experienced in finding suites of characters to support species-groups in Anthrax on the basis of wing patterns. A relationship is found between the level of incongruence and the distance over which mate-recognition signals operate.

Systematics and natural history of Barronopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae), with description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2270 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN CHRISTOPHER STOCKS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Group B ◽  
A New Species

The monophyletic agelenid genus Barronopsis Chamberlin & Ivie is revised to include 6 species. The Cuban species B. campephila Alayón and B. cesari Alayón are synonomized under B. barrowsi (Gertsch) and B. jeffersi (Muma), respectively, and B. stephaniae new species is described. Natural history observations, distribution maps, diagnoses and descriptions, and a species identification key including B. texana (Gertsch), B. arturoi Alayón, and B. floridensis (Muma) are provided. Detailed descriptions of the male palpus and female genitalia, a review and evaluation of historical terminology used to describe agelenid palpal bulbs, and a discussion of the utility of certain male palpal characters in resolving phylogeny within Agelenidae are provided. Based on the morphology of the male and female genitalia and morphometric data, two species groups are recognized: a large-bodied B. texana species group (B. texana, floridensis, arturoi, jeffersi) and a small-bodied B. barrowsi species group (B. barrowsi, B. stephaniae). A cladistic analysis of Barronopsis, using Tortolena glaucopis (F. O. P.-Cambridge), Melpomene singula (Gertsch & Ivie), and species of Agelenopsis Giebel as outgroups identified three most parsimonious trees of 37 steps. The strict consensus tree yielded the following species relationships: (Agelenopsis (((B. texana, B. jeffersi), B. floridensis, B. arturoi), (B. barrowsi, B. stephaniae))))).Key words: Agelenopsis, revision, taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis

Review of the Mesovelia horvathi species complex (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Mesoveliidae), with the description of seven new species from India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4651 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. EYARIN JEHAMALAR ◽  
KAILASH CHANDRA ◽  
DAN A. POLHEMUS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

Seven new species from India are described in the Mesovelia horvathi species complex and assigned to two putatively monophyletic species groups. Mesovelia brevia sp. nov. and M. dilatata sp. nov., both occurring in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, and M. occulta sp. nov., known from only Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the Mesovelia horvathi species group. Mesovelia andamana sp. nov. from the Andaman Islands, M. bispinosa sp. nov. and M. isiasi sp. nov. from Meghalaya, and M. tenuia sp. nov. from Tamil Nadu, are described and placed in the M. andamana species group. Photographs of morphological characters, distribution maps, and a key to males are provided for all of the species treated. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species

2021 ◽  
Vol 742 ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando M. De Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Domingos Brescovit
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

The diversity of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 is poorly known in the Neotropical regions. In this work we provide a taxonomic review of the genus as well as a phylogenetic analysis. The ingroup of the analysis is composed of sixteen species of Tafana and the outgroup is composed of five representatives of Anyphaenidae. The sister-group recovered for Tafana is the clade Aysha + Xiruana, being supported by the embolic process on the male bulb. Two species groups within Tafana are herein proposed, the silhavyi group and the riveti group, based on two exclusive synapomorphies in the male bulb. We redescribe Tafana quelchi and present a description of the previously unknown female of Tafana silhavyi, both from Venezuela. In addition, we describe the first adult specimens of Tafana straminea. Twelve new species, along with several previously described species, are described, illustrated and mapped: T. riveti, T. straminea, T. quelchi, T. kunturmarqa sp. nov., T. humahuaca sp. nov., T. pastaza sp. nov., T. nevada sp. nov., T. huatanay sp. nov. and T. ruizi sp. nov. from the riveti species group; T. maracay sp. nov., T. arawak sp. nov., T. chimire sp. nov. and T. pitieri sp. nov. from the silhavyi species group; T. oliviae sp. nov. from Argentina and T. orinoco sp. nov. from Venezuela, neither of which belongs to any species group. We also discuss the genital morphology of the species groups based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, distribution maps for all species, including new records for T. riveti, T. straminea and T. quelchi, are presented.

Three new Anaulacomera species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from the Iguaçu National Park and nearby areas, southern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5061 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-352
Author(s):  
MARCOS FIANCO ◽  
OSCAR J. CADENA-CASTAÑEDA ◽  
NEUCIR SZINWELSKI ◽  
LUIZ R. R. FARIA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Three New Species

Three new species of Anaulacomera are described, Anaulacomera (Anaulacomera) mariellae sp. n. and Anaulacomera (Anallomes) arlindoi sp. n., belonging respectively to the Inermis and Lanceolata species group, and Anaulacomera angelinae sp. n., placed as incertae sedis. The individuals were collected at the Iguaçu National Park and adjacent small fragments of Atlantic Forest, in southwestern Paraná state, Brazil. The description was based on external morphology of males. We also present distribution maps for the species of the Inermis and the Lanceolata species groups.  

An update of morphological and distributional data of the genus Patrera Simon (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae) with the description of twenty-five new species from Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4914 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-64
Author(s):  
LEONEL MARTÍNEZ ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT ◽  
EDUARDO VILLARREAL ◽  
LUIZ FERNANDO M. OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time

The knowledge on the diversity of the genus Patrera Simon in Colombia is widely expanded. P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. armata (Chickering, 1940) are redescribed and their females are described for the first time and recorded from Cundinamarca and Meta departments, respectively. Aysha strandi (Caporiacco, 1947) is synonymized with P. armata. Three species groups in the genus Patrera are proposed to include the bulk of its species (fulvastra, florezi, and philipi). These groups are diagnosed based on sexual characters. Twenty-five new species are herein described, illustrated and mapped: P. anchicaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. barbacoas n. sp. (♂); P. borjai n. sp. (♂♀); P. danielae n. sp. (♂♀); P. dimar n. sp. (♂♀); P. perafani n. sp. (♂♀); P. platnicki n. sp. (♂); P. quillacinga n. sp. (♂♀), and P. ramirezi n. sp. (♂♀) into the fulvastra species group. P. bonaldoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. boteroi n. sp. (♂); P. carvalhoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. florezi n. sp. (♂♀); P. perijaensis n. sp. (♀); P. quimbaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. sampedroi n. sp. (♂); P. yukpa n. sp. (♂♀), and P. wiwa n. sp. (♂♀) in florezi species group. P. sutu n. sp. (♂); P. chucurui n. sp. (♂♀); P. dawkinsi n. sp. (♂); P. dentata n. sp. (♂); P. dracula n. sp. (♂); P. kuryi n. sp. (♂♀), and P. longitibialis n. sp. (♂) in philipi species group. We also briefly discuss some aspects of the species groups’ genital morphology, based on a comparison with the type, P. fulvastra Simon. Additionally, distribution maps for all Colombian species including new records for P. armata (Chickering, 1940), P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. suni Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 from Cundinamarca, Meta and Nariño departments are also herein included. 

A new species of Zoniopoda Stål (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Romaleidae) from Argentina and its phylogenetic position within the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2913 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTINA E. POCCO ◽  
GONZALO D. RUBIO ◽  
M. MARTA CIGLIANO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Median Carina ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the romaleid grasshopper genus Zoniopoda Stål (Romaleidae: Romaleini) is described and illustrated from the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba Province, central Argentina. A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters indicates that the genus Zoniopoda constitutes a monophyletic group and that Zoniopoda serrana n. sp. must be assigned to Iheringi species group based on synapomorphies of the pronotum and body color. The new species is similar to Z. similis Bruner from Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil, from which it can be distinguished by the color pattern of the body, shape of the pronotal dorso-median carina and characters of the male terminalia and epiphallus. This paper has been formatted with embedded links to images of the type specimen, maps based on georeferenced specimen data for the genus and an updated key to the species of Zoniopoda available on the Orthoptera Species File (OSF) online (http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org).

Review of some species groups of the genus Oospila Warren, with descriptions of nine new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4497 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
AARE LINDT ◽  
AXEL HAUSMANN ◽  
JAAN VIIDALEPP
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Species Group ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Males And Females

The Neotropical geometrine genus Oospila Warren, 1897 includes seventy-nine species and was revised by Cook & Scoble (1995). The genus is distinctive in having a row of raised abdominal crests, which are composed of specialized, erect, metallic shining scales. This paper focuses on the integrative morphological and molecular delimitation of the smallest Oospila species. The wing patterns and genitalia structures of males and females are illustrated. Cook & Scoble (1995) distinguished 13 species groups within Oospila. We discuss the species of the Oospila flavilimes species group, the O. stigma species group and O. miccularia species group below, and separate the O. arpata species complex into a group of its own. Nine new species and two new subspecies are described in this paper: O. cristae sp. n. from Ecuador, O. falcata sp. n. from French Guiana, O. pallidaria boliviensis subsp. n. from Bolivia, and O. loreenae sp. n. from Bolivia (flavilimes species group), O. ehakernae sp. n. from Costa Rica, O. similiplaga bolarpata subsp. n. from Bolivia (arpata species group), O. brehmi sp. n. and O. bifida sp. n. both from Bolivia, O. moseri sp. n. from Brazil, O. absaloni sp. n. and O. pipa sp. n. both from Ecuador (miccularia species group). Oospila similiplaga (Warren) (stat. nov.) is raised here from synonymy with O. arpata (Schaus) and O. imula (Dognin) from synonymy with O. miccularia (Guenée), respectively. Oospila agnetaforslundae nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Oospila marginata Schaus, 1912 (nec Oospila marginata Warren, 1897), raising it to species rank from synonymy of Oospila permagna (Warren, 1909). With this paper, the number of Neotropical Oospila species is raised to 88. 

Morphotaxonomic revision of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3577 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROYUKI TAKAOKA
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Preliminary Attempt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Species Groups

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) Enderlein, the third largest (206 named species included) in the genus Simulium Latreille s. l., is one of the two most abundant and diverse subgenera in the Oriental Region. To provide a classification scheme to facilitate morphological identification of the species within this subgenus, its diagnostic characters are redefined, and nine known species-groups within it are reviewed. Based on putative lineages explored by using certain adult morphological characters, seven more species-groups are proposed: asakoae, darjeelingense, epistum, gombakense, heldsbachense, hemicyclium and palauense species-groups, while the trirugosum species-group is merged in the varicorne species-group. Subgroups are also introduced to represent apparently different lineages within certain species-groups based on certain pupal morphological characters: two in the banauense species-group, seven in the batoense species-group redefined, four in the ceylonicum species-group redefined, four in the epistum species-group, two in the hemicyclium species-group, two in the sherwoodi species-group and four in the varicorne species-group redefined. A new checklist of species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia, and a key to all 15 species-groups within it are provided. The eastward expansion of the geographical distribution of the subgenus Gomphostilbia is inferred on the basis of the more frequent occurrence of apomorphic characters of certain adult and pupal morphological features in insular species-groups than in continental species-groups. A preliminary attempt using a cladistic analysis of morphological characters shows that among 10 subgenera examined, Gomphostilbia has a sister-taxon relationship with the Australasian subgenus Morops Enderlein, and this clade, together with the Central-Western Pacific subgenus Inseliellum Rubtsov, is positioned closest to the most derived clade formed by Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler and Simulium Latreille s. str.

Revision of Asytesta Pascoe, 1865, with comments on the phylogeny of the Indo-Australian crowned weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3462 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREGORY P. SETLIFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Species Groups

The Indo-Australian crowned weevil genus Asytesta Pascoe, 1865 is revised. Forty-one species are recognized, including18 that are new: A. alexandriae, A. alexriedeli, A. allisoni, A. biakana, A. cheesmanae, A. concolora, A. emarginata, A.fayae, A. frontalis, A. gressitti, A. julieae, A. marginalis, A. morobeana, A. sedlaceki, A. thompsoni, A. tuberculata, A.vivienae, and A. woodlarkiana, new species. One subspecies, A. lugubris bidentata Voss is elevated to species status, A.bidentata Voss, new status. Four species are newly synonymized: A. circulifera Lea, 1928 = A. rata Heller, 1910, A.definita Faust, 1898 = A. humeralis Pascoe, 1865, A. granulifera Lea, 1928 = A. aucta Faust, 1898, and A. setipes Lea,1928 = A. lugubris Heller, 1895 new synonyms. Six new species groups are proposed. Lectotypes are designated for 18species. Two species are transferred from Asytesta to other genera: A. maura Pascoe to Microporopterus Lea and A.ypsilon Heller to Meroleptus Faust, new combinations. A checklist and key for all crowned weevil genera, key to speciesgroups and species of Asytesta, adult habitus illustrations, distribution maps, and line drawings of diagnostic charactersare provided.A phylogeny for the genus based on 82 adult morphological characters (187 states) for 41 ingroup taxa is alsopresented. All genera and species of the crowned weevil group as redefined here (including Cyamomistus Heller,Eudyasmus Pascoe, Glochinorhinus Waterhouse, Nothotragopus Zimmerman, Panopides Pascoe, and Zygara Pascoe),were included in the analysis to test the monophyly of Asytesta. Monophyly of Asytesta was supported only with thesynonymy of the monotypic genus Zygara. Accordingly, Zygara is a new junior synonym of Asytesta and Zygara doriae (Kirsch) is returned to its original combination with Asytesta; A. doriae Kirsch resurrected status.

A new species of Hystrichopsylla Taschenberg (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae) from the Mexican transition zone

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1027 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROXANA ACOSTA ◽  
JUAN J. MORRONE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Flea Species ◽  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Sierra Madre Del Sur ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Mexican Transition Zone

A new flea species, Hystrichopsylla cryptotis, is described from the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico. The host of this new species is the shrew Cryptotis mexicana (Coues, 1877) (Mammalia: Soricidae). This flea species is easily recognized by its large size, seven genal combs, and the slender sternum IX, with 13 pairs of thick spiniform setae of different sizes. A key to the Mexican and Guatemalan species of Hystrichopsylla is given. The cladistic analysis indicates that Mexican species of Hystrichopsylla may be arranged in two different species groups: the H. orophila species group (H. orophila Barrera 1952 and H. cryptotis) and the H. dippiei species group (H. dippiei Rotshchild 1902, H. llorentei Ayala and Morales 1990, and H. kris Traub and Johnson 1952). The resolved area cladogram based on their phylogenetic relationships indicates the following relationships: (Sierra Madre Oriental, (Sierra Madre del Sur, Transmexican Volcanic Belt)).

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