Origins of Australian arid-zone tenebrionid beetles

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Tethys Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest

Three biogeographic components with very different histories are represented among the tenebrionids of the Australian arid zone: the Indo-Malayan element, which is related mainly to the Indonesian fauna; the Austral Gondwanan element, mainly related to that of southern South America; and one here called Tethyan, related to the fauna of northern hemisphere arid regions. Indo-Malayan groups appear to have arrived comparatively recently, probably by invasion from the north, and are differentiated within the arid zone mainly to the species level. Austral groups are the most diverse and have radiated extensively to generic level from ancestors inhabiting sclerophyll forest, probably by vicariance, within the present arid zone. Tethyan groups are endemic in the arid zone at tribal level and have no forest-inhabiting relatives anywhere. They have often become myrmecophilous in Australia, and because of their distribution patterns in the northern hemisphere, partial occurrence in coastal dunes, and apparently basal phylogenetic positions are surmised to have descended by vicariance from inhabitants of the coastal sand dunes of the Tethys Sea, probably in the Jurassic before there was an arid zone in Australia.

scholarly journals Synecology of Cutandia maritima (L.) Barbey, a rare psammophytic species along the Montenegrin Coast (East Adriatic Coast)

Hacquetia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Nada Bubanja ◽  
Danka Caković ◽  
Nejc Jogan ◽  
Milica Luković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractCutandia maritima is a circum-Mediterranean species that inhabits sandy dunes along the coast line. It is fairly frequent on the western Adriatic coast but fairly rare and possibly even non-native in the east. In Croatia, it was discovered in 1990 in Crnika Bay on the island of Rab, which was considered until 2005 to be the only site on the eastern Adriatic coast from the Gulf of Trieste in the north to Corfu in the south. In 2009, the species was briefly reported for Velika plaža (Long Beach) in Ulcinj (Montenegro) but without details about the habitat type and synecology. The aim of this paper is thus to provide a deeper insight into the ecology and synecology of C. maritima in the eastern Adriatic part of the distribution area. On Velika plaža in Ulcinj, the species was found along the whole sea-inland gradient of sand dunes, in various types of vegetation: [1210] - annual vegetation of drift lines, [2110] - embryonic shifting dunes, [2120] - shifting dunes with Ammophila arenaria (white dunes), [2220] - dunes with Euphorbia terracina, [2130*] - fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (grey dunes), and also [2190] - humid dune slacks.

Geomorphology

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anwar Maun
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Dune Form ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Coastal Land

Geomorphology is the study of form and structure of sand dunes. Dunes are found in three types of landscapes: sea coasts and lakeshores, river valleys, and arid regions. Coastal dunes are formed along coasts in areas above the high water mark of sandy beaches. They occur in both the northern and southern hemi sphere from the Arctic and Antarctic to the equator, and in arid and semi-arid regions. They are very common in temperate climates but are less frequent in tropical and subtropical coasts. Dunes are also common around river mouths where the sand carried in water is deposited (Carter et al. 1990b). During floods rivers overflow their banks and deposit sand in river valleys that is subsequently dried by wind and shaped into dunes. In dry regions with less than 200 mm of precipitation per year, the weathering of sandstone and other rocks produce sand that is subject to mass movement by wind because of sparsity of vegetation. There are many similarities in processes and patterns of dune form and structure among these three systems, however each location has its own unique features. In this chapter the emphasis will be on the geomorphology of dune systems along the coasts of oceans and lakes. Coastal geomorphologists have been attempting to classify the coastal land forms but they defy a simple classification because of tremendous variability in plant taxa, sand texture, wind velocity, climate, sand supply, coastal wave energy and biotic influences including human impact. According to Carter et al. (1990b) the great variety of coastal land forms around the world is primarily related to sediment availability, climate, wave energy, wind regime and types of vegetation. Classification based on these criteria would be more useful in distinguishing between shoreline dune forms than the use of subjective terms—for example white, grey or yellow dunes—sometimes employed by plant ecologists (Tansley 1953). Cowles (1899) said ´a dune complex is a restless maze´ because the great topographic diversity depends on changes in the dune terrain from day to day, month to month, season to season and year to year.

scholarly journals Bioinformatics-based prediction of conformational epitopes for Enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Wang ◽  
Miao Zhu ◽  
Yulu Fang ◽  
Hao Rong ◽  
Liuying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Conformational Epitopes ◽  
Enterovirus A71 ◽  
Antigenic Evolution

AbstractEnterovirus A71 (EV-A71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and CV-A10 are the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The conformational epitopes play a vital role in monitoring the antigenic evolution, predicting dominant strains and preparing vaccines. In this study, we employed a Bioinformatics-based algorithm to predict the conformational epitopes of EV-A71 and CV-A16 and compared with that of CV-A10. Prediction results revealed that the distribution patterns of conformational epitopes of EV-A71 and CV-A16 were similar to that of CV-A10 and their epitopes likewise consisted of three sites: site 1 (on the “north rim” of the canyon around the fivefold vertex), site 2 (on the “puff”) and site 3 (one part was in the “knob” and the other was near the threefold vertex). The reported epitopes highly overlapped with our predicted epitopes indicating the predicted results were reliable. These data suggested that three-site distribution pattern may be the basic distribution role of epitopes on the enteroviruses capsids. Our prediction results of EV-A71 and CV-A16 can provide essential information for monitoring the antigenic evolution of enterovirus.

The Distribution of Hyas Araneus (L.) and Hyas Coarctatus Leach (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in the North Sea and the Svalbard Region

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Hyas Araneus ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Marine Benthic Invertebrates

The distribution patterns of many marine benthic invertebrates are not well known, and when records exist they are usually in the form of presence and absence data with little or no information on the relative density of populations from area to area.

scholarly journals Dynamical mechanisms linking Indian monsoon precipitation and the circumglobal teleconnection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Beverley ◽  
Steven J. Woolnough ◽  
Laura H. Baker ◽  
Stephanie J. Johnson ◽  
Antje Weisheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Seasonal Forecast ◽  
The North ◽  
Circumglobal Teleconnection ◽  
Rossby Wave Train ◽  
Ecmwf Model

AbstractThe circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) is an important mode of circulation variability, with an influence across many parts of the northern hemisphere. Here, we examine the excitation mechanisms of the CGT in the ECMWF seasonal forecast model, and the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), the CGT and the extratropical northern hemisphere circulation. Results from relaxation experiments, in which the model is corrected to reanalysis in specific regions, suggest that errors over northwest Europe are more important in inhibiting the model skill at representing the CGT, in addition to northern hemisphere skill more widely, than west-central Asia and the ISM region, although the link between ISM precipitation and the extratropical circulation is weak in all experiments. Thermal forcing experiments in the ECMWF model, in which a heating is applied over India, suggest that the ISM does force an extratropical Rossby wave train, with upper tropospheric anticyclonic anomalies over east Asia, the North Pacific and North America associated with increased ISM heating. However, this eastward-propagating branch of the wave train does not project into Europe, and the response there occurs largely through westward-propagating Rossby waves. Results from barotropic model experiments show a response that is highly consistent with the seasonal forecast model, with similar eastward- and westward-propagating Rossby waves. This westward-propagating response is shown to be important in the downstream reinforcement of the wave train between Asia and North America.

THE CURRENT STATE OF THE SALT STATUS OF SOILS IN ARTESIAN SPRINGS IMPACT ZONE OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CASPIAN REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
А. B. Biarslanov ◽  
Z. G. Zalibekov ◽  
Z. U. Gasanova ◽  
P. А. Abdurashidova ◽  
V. А. Zhelnovakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Part ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Experimental Plots

The paper is devoted to soil cover degradation in the northen part of the Republic of Dagestan. Soil degradation is affected by irrational using free flowing underground water of artesians. Intensive extraction of underground water for domestic drinking water supply and pastures watering leads to irreversible processes in the soil cover. The study of salt spreading processes in soils caused by technogenic pressure is mainly considered for humid zone, in arid zone such work was not carried out. In this regard, the aim of the study is to clarify the state of the salt balance of soils for possible technogenic halogenesis under the conditions of a long half-century, continuous impact of artesian sources. The analysis of the territorial spreading of salts is considered on the example of soils of the marine coast and the central part of the Terek-Kuma lowland, represented by varieties of meadow saline and light chestnut soils. Taking into account the conditions of mutual location, experimental plots were selected with reference to artesian sources in the marine coast and in the continental part. Experimental and control sections were laid at experimental plots. Soil samples and artesian water samples were tested for the content of light soluble salts using conventional methods. It was established that under conditions of self-flowing artesian sources the soil of the continental part is characterized by an increased salt content and is 0.26-0.48% according to the profile against the background of the salt content in the samples of control plots – 0.11-0.17%. Coastal soils are characterized by a higher degree of salinization, the influence of mineralized water sources has a desalinization impact. On the test plot the salt content is 0.31–0.51%, in the control plot – 1.22–4.29%.

Floral diversity, phytogeography, and climatic amelioration during the Early Carboniferous (Dinantian)

Paleobiology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
High Level ◽  
In The Beginning

Phytogeographic analysis of three Early Carboniferous intervals (Tournaisian–early Visean, Visean, and late Visean–early Namurian A) indicates a high level of phytogeographic differentiation in the beginning of the Early Carboniferous that decreases toward the end of this period. Climatic amelioration (warmer or wetter conditions) in the north middle and high latitudes, caused by the collision of Laurussia and Gondwana at the end of the Early Carboniferous, may be responsible for this decrease in phytogeographic provinciality. Toward the end of the Early Carboniferous, a large number of equatorial genera expand their ranges northward, and the average generic diversity of assemblages in the north high latitudes (Siberia) also rises. Both support the hypothesis of climatic amelioration. Northward migration of equatorial forms and the appearance of new genera endemic to Siberia both contributed to the rise in Siberian diversity. Although this trend is not statistically significant, additional evidence of diversity increase in northern high latitudes tied to climatic amelioration comes from the northernmost limit of diverse (≥ 10 genera) assemblages, which rises from 20°N at the beginning to 55°N at the end of the Early Carboniferous. Global plant diversity assessed at the generic level remained constant during the Early Carboniferous. The increase in Siberian diversity was offset by a decrease in equatorial diversity, perhaps due to the loss of pronounced latitudinal climatic gradients between north-middle and equatorial latitudes.

Coastal sand dunes as biological systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Dune Plants ◽  
Stress Metabolites

SynopsisWith the gradation of intensities of environmental factors from the strand-line to stable inland areas, coastal dunes show many ecological phenomena especially clearly. These are reviewed broadly, with some emphasis on topics on which important advances are being made. The nutrient status of dune soil and changes with time are shown with reference to several dune systems. Changes in major nutrients are given for Braunton Burrows, north Devon, where the influence of nitrogen fixation by Lotus corniculatus is illustrated. The effects of sand burial on plants are considered, and details given of the root systems of vigorous and relict marram; factors which may affect its decline in vigour are reviewed. Also discussed is the likely significance of nematodes in the decline of Hippophaë rhamnoides. Reasons for the richness of the dune flora are considered and also some autecological studies. At the physiological level, reference is made to the water relations of plants and at the biochemical level to the occurrence and possible ecological importance of stress metabolites. Life strategies, phenology, survivorship, competition and the population ecology of dune plants are reviewed and also the interaction of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae). The population genetics of dune plants is illustrated by reference to Festuca rubra and Ammophila arenaria and of animals to Cepaea nemoralis.The abundance and ecological relationships of the invertebrate fauna are exemplified by surveys at Spurn Point, extensive investigations on spiders and the influence of marram on arthropod communities. The ecology of the natterjack load is considered in relation to conservation and the effects of large animal grazers in relation to the diversity of vegetation.

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