Evaluation of the taxonomic position of the genus Carinina (Nemertea:Palaeonemertea), with descriptions of two new species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei V. Chernyshev ◽  
Neonila E. Polyakova ◽  
Terra C. Hiebert ◽  
Svetlana A. Maslakova
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Brown Body

The genus Carinina Hubrecht, 1885 has long been considered the most ‘archaic’ nemertean taxon because its members are distinguished by the basiepidermal position of the brain and lateral nerve cords, characters thought to be plesiomorphic for the phylum. Here we describe two new species, Carinina yushini sp. nov. from the Sea of Japan (Russia) and C. chocolata sp. nov. from the north-east Pacific (Oregon, USA), distinguished by brown body colour. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of five nuclear and mitochondrial gene regions, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, 16S rRNA and COI, confirms the monophyly of Carinina (Family Carininidae), and points to a close relationship to Carinoma (Family Carinomidae). The two groups together form a sister clade to the rest of the palaeonemerteans (Family Tubulanidae + Family Cephalotrichidae s.l.). Carinina plecta most likely belongs to the Tubulanidae. A morphological synapomorphy of the clade Carininidae + Carinomidae is a larva with a single midventral eye (in contrast to eyeless larvae of the Tubulanidae and two-eyed larvae of the Cephalotrichidae). Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the basiepidermal position of the central nervous system is an autapomorphy of Carininidae (and, independently, C. plecta), rather than a plesiomorphy of the phylum Nemertea or the class Palaeonemertea, emphasising that the genus Carinina is no more archaic than any other palaeonemertean genus.

Antechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae), a new intestinal nematode parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus (Pallas) (Rodentia: Muridae) in the north-east of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (04) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Ivanova ◽  
N.E. Dokuchaev ◽  
S.E. Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
Left Spicule ◽  
Tundra Vole

AbstractAntechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae) is described from the duodenum of a tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas), collected in the Magadan region in the north-east part of Russia. It differs from A. suffodiax (Beveridge & Barker, 1975) and A. sertatum Smales, 1991 mainly in having a larger number of postcloacal papillae (5–6 pairs vs 4 pairs), a differently shaped left spicule, the disposition of precloacal papillae in two rows vs one, and oblong vs oval eggs. Other differences include the different disposition of ovaries in A. septentrionalis n. sp and A. suffodiax and the different structure of deirids in A. septentrionalis n. sp. and A. sertatum. The new species was characterized molecularly (partial sequences for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA). The phylogenetic analyses performed showed the affinity of the new species to the members of the Acuariidae and other spirurid nematodes.

First report of Loricifera from the North East Pacific Region, with the description of two new species

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1151-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo C. Neves ◽  
Reinhardt M. Kristensen ◽  
Melissa Rohal ◽  
David Thistle ◽  
Martin V. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Two New Species

Arachniodes libingii sp. nov. and A. vietnamensis sp. nov. (Dryopteridaceae), two new ferns from southern China and central Vietnam

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 522 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
NGAN THI LU ◽  
LINH PHUONG NGUYEN ◽  
CHI TOAN LE ◽  
THANH TRUNG NGUYEN ◽  
LIANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship

We here describe two new species Arachniodes libingii and A. vietnamensis (Dryopteridaceae) from southern China and central Vietnam, respectively. Our previous phylogenetic analysis found a close relationship between the two new species. Further morphological studies showed that the two species share short creeping rhizomes, blackish brown and lanceolate scales, papery laminae, aristate pinnules, dense scales along fronds, and entire indusia. However, A. libingii has deltoid-oblong laminae and apices abruptly acuminate-caudate, while A. vietnamensis has shortly ovate laminae and apices gradually acuminate.

On the identity of Spio filicornis (O.F. Müller, 1776)—with the designation of a neotype, and the description of two new species from the North East Atlantic Ocean based on morphological and genetic studies

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2815 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIN MEIßNER ◽  
ANDREAS BICK ◽  
RALF BASTROP
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Original Description ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species

The aim of this study is to solve taxonomic problems pertaining to Spio filicornis (O.F. Müller, 1776). The original description by O. F. Müller was very brief and type material was not deposited. Based on the literature the confusion about the identity of the species has been tremendous; e.g., it was only recently realized that at least two different species from the North and Baltic Seas could be identified as S. filicornis (Bick et al. 2010). The present study is based on material collected by the authors in 2009 at the type locality in Iluilârssuk, near Paamiut, SW Greenland. Spio filicornis is redescribed in detail and illustrated comprehensively. A neotype has been designated and deposited in the collection of Rostock University. Species formerly referred to as S. cf. filicornis from the North and Baltic Seas (Bick et al. 2010) are formally described as two new species, Spio arndti sp. nov., and S. symphyta sp. nov. The morphological diagnostic characters within Spio are discussed. Information on three molecular markers (16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) is also provided. The genetic divergence between the three Spio species corroborates the taxonomic discrimination.

Morphological and molecular characterization of two new species of the genus Aporcelinus Andrássy, 2009 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from the USA, with new insights on the phylogeny of the genus

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Álvarez-Ortega ◽  
S.A. Subbotin ◽  
R. Peña-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Two new species of the genus Aporcelinus from the USA are described and illustrated. Aporcelinus floridensis sp. n. is characterized by its 1.12–1.52 mm long body, lip region offset by marked constriction and 14.5–17.0 μm broad with perioral liplets, odontostyle 16.5–20.0 μm at its ventral side and 1.1–1.2 times the lip region diameter, neck 316–395 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 43–48% of total neck length, uterus simple and 33–56 μm long or 0.8–1.2 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 48–54, female tail conical (36–49 μm long, c = 27–41, c’ = 1.2–2.0) with finely rounded terminus and no hyaline portion, and male absent. Aporcelinus paolae sp. n. is characterized by its 1.29–1.80 mm long body, lip region offset by marked constriction and 14–16 μm broad, odontostyle 15–17 μm at its ventral side and 1.0–1.1 times the lip region diameter, neck 314–397 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 43–53% of total neck length, uterus tripartite and 128–164 μm long or 2.6–3.6 times the corresponding body diameter, V = 53–57, female tail conical (30–39 μm long, c = 40–51, c’ = 1.1–1.3) with finely rounded terminus and variably re-curved dorsad, male tail conical (27–36 μm, c = 39–59, c’ = 0.9–1.2), ventrally straight and dorsally convex, spicules 48–54 μm long, and 7–9 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements lacking hiatus. The analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA (LSU) gene sequences of the two new species confirmed the monophyly of the genus, based upon currently available data, showing a close relationship between the genera Aporcelinus and Makatinus, and justified the placement of Aporcelaimellus, Makatinus and Aporcelinus under the subfamily Aporcelaimellinae.

On the identity of Spio filicornis (O.F. Müller, 1776)—with the designation of a neotype, and the description of two new species from the North East Atlantic Ocean based on morphological and genetic studies

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2815 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIN MEIßNER ◽  
ANDREAS BICK ◽  
RALF BASTROP
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Original Description ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species

The aim of this study is to solve taxonomic problems pertaining to Spio filicornis (O.F. Müller, 1776). The original description by O. F. Müller was very brief and type material was not deposited. Based on the literature the confusion about the identity of the species has been tremendous; e.g., it was only recently realized that at least two different species from the North and Baltic Seas could be identified as S. filicornis (Bick et al. 2010). The present study is based on material collected by the authors in 2009 at the type locality in Iluilârssuk, near Paamiut, SW Greenland. Spio filicornis is redescribed in detail and illustrated comprehensively. A neotype has been designated and deposited in the collection of Rostock University. Species formerly referred to as S. cf. filicornis from the North and Baltic Seas (Bick et al. 2010) are formally described as two new species, Spio arndti sp. nov., and S. symphyta sp. nov. The morphological diagnostic characters within Spio are discussed. Information on three molecular markers (16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) is also provided. The genetic divergence between the three Spio species corroborates the taxonomic discrimination.

scholarly journals On some Pogonophora from the north-east Atlantic, including two new species

1958 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Southward ◽  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Muddy Bottom ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Siliceous Sponges ◽  
The Rich

In the course of dredging for the rich epifauna of the continental slope near 48° 30′N., 10° W. (Southward & Southward, 1958b) in May 1957, several hauls were made by chance on a muddy bottom at 500–700 fin. depth. At the time, these hauls were examined only cursorily after sieving, and the con-tents immediately preserved. One of the hauls contained several damaged siliceous sponges, and a recent careful examination disclosed a number of pogonophore tubes entangled among the threads and spicules of the sponges.

scholarly journals Systematic re-structure and new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) after morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the North East Atlantic fauna

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 1-97
Author(s):  
María Capa ◽  
Arne Nygren ◽  
Julio Parapar ◽  
Torkild Bakken ◽  
Karin Meißner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Detailed morphological study of more than 2600 North East Atlantic (NEA) sphaerodorids (SphaerodoridaeAnnelida) and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of representatives of several identified morphospecies enforced changing the current systematic classification within the family allowed the discovery of new species provided new information about the morphological and genetic characterisation of members of this group and increased the species occurrence data to better infer their geographic and bathymetric distribution ranges. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and mitochondrial sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) of NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids revealed outstanding results including paraphyly of the generaSphaerodoropsisSphaerodoridium, andSphaerephesia. The number of longitudinal and transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles is proposed as potential synapomorphies for the main clades and are consequently herein used for the genera delimitation. The new classification proposed here implies nomenclatural changes and the erection of a new genusGeminofilumgen. n.to accommodate the species previously considered asSphaerodoropsiswith two transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles per segment. Four species are being described herein:EuritmianordicaCapa & Bakkensp. n.SphaerephesiamultichaetaCapa Moreira & Paraparsp. n.SphaerephesiaponsiCapa Parapar & Moreirasp. n.andSphaerodoridiumceliaeMoreira Capa & Paraparsp. n.Characterisation of the other 21 species including updated iconography and an identification key to all NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids are provided.

scholarly journals Two new species of Pogonophora from the north-east Atlantic

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Southward
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Isles ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species

In May 1958 it was thought that all species of Pogonophora so far discovered in the north-east Atlantic belonged to the genusSiboglinumCaullery (Southward & Southward, 1958). Since then I have had the opportunity of examining further collections from deep water off the British Isles and Spain. At least two species of multitentaculate pogonophores have been discovered, and re-examination of some material collected in May 1958 shows that one of the species was also present in these collections. Although considerable material belonging to other species remains to be worked up it has been thought worth while to describe these two species first. One is widespread and can be locally abundant, while the other is the largest pogonophote so far found in the Atlantic. Both are the first Atlantic representatives of their respective genera.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological characterisations of two new species of Rotylenchus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Mohammad Reza Atighi ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractTwo new amphimictic species, Rotylenchus iranicus n. sp. and R. conicaudatus n. sp., are described. Rotylenchus iranicus n. sp. is characterised mainly by an offset hemispherical lip region with 5-6, rarely 7, annuli, stylet 39-44 μm long, vulva located at 53-65% and rounded tail with 4-9 annuli and typical smooth tip. Morphologically this species is related to R. montanus, R. provincialis and R. aqualamus. Rotylenchus conicaudatus n. sp. is characterised mainly by a slightly offset conoid-rounded lip region with four or five, rarely six annuli, stylet 27-32 μm long, vulva located at 52-63% and conoid-rounded tail with 10-16 annuli and a typical annulated tip. Morphologically this species is related to R. pumilus, R. abnormecaudatus, R. acuspicaudatus and R. provincialis. The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S and ITS1-rRNA genes confirmed the species differentiation. Phylogenetic relationships with other species were difficult to assign using D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S. However, using ITS1-rRNA, R. conicaudatus n. sp. presented a close relationship with R. unisexus, whilst R. iranicus n. sp. was closely related to R. conicaudatus n. sp., R. unisexus, R. incultus and R. laurentinus.

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