Repeated evolution of an undescribed morphotype of Rhagada (Gastropoda : Camaenidae) from the inland Pilbara, Western Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë R. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Harsh Conditions

An undescribed small, banded morphotype of Rhagada land snails occurs widely in the rocky inland Pilbara region, Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes revealed that this novel morphotype is polyphyletic, comprising four distinct major clades, with divergences up to 21.4% at COI. These clades are apparently morphologically cryptic, with no obvious shell differences. Two of these species are associated with the major clade of Rhagada in the Pilbara mainland, one of which appears to be a variant of the larger, more globose species R. pilbarana, which occurs within 20km proximity. The other two small, banded species are phylogenetically distinct from each other and all other known Rhagada. This small, banded morphotype shows evidence for both plesiomorphy and homoplasy. The morphotype has evolved independently at least twice, and is associated with the reasonably uniform habitat and harsh conditions in the elevated hinterland of the inland Pilbara. The broad distribution of the inland, small, banded morphotype conforms to the pattern of broad-scale uniformity of shells of the more coastal species of Rhagada. Its repeated evolution, however, confirms that the morphological uniformity is not simply because of common ancestry, supporting the theory that shell form in Rhagada is adapted to a broadly homogenous environment. Shell morphology in this genus has been demonstrated on more than one occasion to have the potential to adapt to different available environments, and hence shells should be used with a degree of caution for taxonomic interpretation.

A revision of the textricellin spider genus Raveniella (Araneae:Araneoidea:Micropholcommatidae): exploring patterns of phylogeny and biogeography in an Australian biodiversity hotspot

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Rix ◽  
Mark S. Harvey ◽  
J. Dale Roberts
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Swan Coastal Plain ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Eastern Australia

South-western Western Australia is a biodiversity hotspot, with high levels of local endemism and a rich but largely undescribed terrestrial invertebrate fauna. Very few phylogeographic studies have been undertaken on south-western Australian invertebrate taxa, and almost nothing is known about historical biogeographic or cladogenic processes, particularly on the relatively young, speciose Quaternary sand dune habitats of the Swan Coastal Plain. Phylogeographic and taxonomic patterns were studied in textricellin micropholcommatid spiders belonging to the genus Raveniella Rix & Harvey. The Micropholcommatidae is a family of small spiders with a widespread distribution in southern Western Australia, and most species are spatially restricted to refugial microhabitats. In total, 340 specimens of Raveniella were collected from 36 surveyed localities on the Swan Coastal Plain and 17 non-Swan Coastal Plain reference localities in south-western Western Australia. Fragments from three nuclear rRNA genes (5.8S, 18S and ITS2), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (COI) were used to infer the phylogeny of the genus Raveniella, and to examine phylogeographic patterns on the Swan Coastal Plain. Five new species of Raveniella are described from Western Australia (R. arenacea, sp. nov., R. cirrata, sp. nov., R. janineae, sp. nov., R. mucronata, sp. nov. and R. subcirrata, sp. nov.), along with a single new species from south-eastern Australia (R. apopsis, sp. nov.). Four species of Raveniella were found on the Swan Coastal Plain: two with broader distributions in the High Rainfall and Transitional Rainfall Zones (R. peckorum Rix & Harvey, R. cirrata); and two endemic to the Swan Coastal Plain, found only on the western-most Quindalup dunes (R. arenacea, R. subcirrata). Two coastally restricted species (R. subcirrata, R. janineae) were found to be morphologically cryptic but genetically highly distinct, with female specimens morphologically indistinguishable from their respective sister-taxa (R. cirrata and R. peckorum). The greater Perth region is an important biogeographic overlap zone for all four Swan Coastal Plain species, where the ranges of two endemic coastal species join the northern and south-western limits of the ranges of R. peckorum and R. cirrata, respectively. Most species of Raveniella were found to occupy long, highly autapomorphic molecular branches exhibiting little intraspecific variation, and an analysis of ITS2 rRNA secondary structures among different species of Raveniella revealed the presence of an extraordinary hypervariable helix, ranging from 31 to over 400 nucleotides in length.

Review of the systematics, morphology and distribution of Asian Clawed Salamanders, genus Onychodactylus (Amphibia, Caudata: Hynobiidae), with the description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3465 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY A. POYARKOV, JR. ◽  
JING CHE ◽  
MI-SOOK MIN ◽  
MASAKI KURO-O ◽  
FANG YAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

We describe four new species of Asian Clawed salamanders of the genus Onychodactylus (Caudata: Hynobiidae), basedon fresh material collected during fieldwork in Japan, Korea, the Russian Far East and northeastern China between 2003and 2010, as well as older voucher specimens deposited in several museums. Our analyses comprise all species currentlyrecognized within this genus across its entire distribution range. We follow an integrative taxonomic approach bycombining detailed morphological comparative analyses with molecular phylogenetic analyses. We find significantdifferences among species in this genus, based on morphological and molecular data, which resulted in the recognitionand description of four new species within this genus. The new species have uncorrected molecular divergences of over4.5–7.4% and 1.9–4.1% to their closest relatives in the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes respectively. In themolecular analyses, we found two very divergent lineages in Korea and Japan that need further investigation, as detailedmorphological data are not available for them. We also discuss our approach to delimit species on salamanders. For thenew species described in this group we evaluate their threat status according to IUCN criteria: O. koreanus sp. nov. Min,Poyarkov & Vieites and O. nipponoborealis sp. nov. Kuro-o, Poyarkov & Vieites are classified as Least Concern, whileO. zhaoermii sp. nov. Che, Poyarkov & Yan and O. zhangyapingi sp. nov. Che, Poyarkov, Li & Yan are classified as Vulnerable (Vu2a).

A new species of palaemonid prawn Macrobrachium ramae sp.nov. (Malacostraca:Decapoda:Palaemonidae) from Rupnarayana River, West Bengal, India with its molecular profiles

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4952 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-550
Author(s):  
MITALI DAS ◽  
PRITI RANJAN PAHARI ◽  
TANMAY BHATTACHARYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Appendix Masculina ◽  
Molecular Profiles ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new species Macrobrachium ramae is described from Rupnarayana river, West Bengal, India along with its molecular characterization and Scanning electron microscopy. The species shares certain characters with M.gurudeve, M.jayasreei, M.kunjuramani and M.saengphani but differs remarkably from these species in the structure and shape of rostrum, telson, appendix masculina and in the size of the proximal segment of the antennular peduncle. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of M.ramae with mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes reinforce the morphological conclusion and supports the view that it is a new species. 

Mitochondrial uniformity in populations of the treefrog Hyla molleri across the Iberian Peninsula

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo González de la Vega ◽  
David Donaire ◽  
Pedro Galán ◽  
Adriane Barth ◽  
Miguel Vences ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Hyla Arborea ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations

AbstractBased on DNA sequences of fragments of the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes we provide a first assessment of genetic variability of Iberian treefrog populations that have been historically allocated to Hyla arborea, partly as subspecies H. a. molleri. Our data from 147 specimens and 33 populations confirm strong divergence between these frogs and Central European H. arborea but relatively low differentiation across their range, supporting their status as a separate species, H. molleri. Preliminary phylogeographic data indicate a possible weak genetic differentiation of populations from the northern coast of the region of Galicia. We suggest inclusion of nuclear markers and an extension of the sampling into the coastal regions of Asturias and Cantabria, as well as the identification of the contact zone between H. molleri and H. arborea in either the Spanish Basque country or in France, as priorities for future research on this species.

A new pill clam from an unusual habitat: the interstitial Pisidium interstitialis n. sp. (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) from southwestern and Central Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Groh ◽  
Ulrich Bössneck ◽  
Catharina Clewing ◽  
Christian Albrecht ◽  
Ira Richling
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Central Germany

Abstract A new species of pill clam, Pisidium interstitialis n. sp. (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae), is described from wet meadows bordering a small creek in the Odenwald, southwestern Germany, and from a similar habitat in the Thuringian Schistic Mountains, Central Germany. It can be differentiated from the known European Pisidium species on the basis of shell morphology and DNA sequence data for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes. Despite critical evaluation of a large number of potential names from the current synonymies of morphologically similar Pisidium species, no available name was found. Pisidium interstitialis n. sp. is most similar to P. personatum Malm, 1856, and P. casertanum (Poli, 1791), both of which occur syntopically with the new species. Typical specimens of the new species can be readily identified on the basis of shell morphology. However, P. personatum and P. casertanum are morphologically highly variable, so that occasional overlap in conchological characters between these two species and P. interstitialis n. sp. does occur. Although these three taxa co-occur, microhabitat analyses using a special sampling technique showed that P. interstitialis n. sp. exhibits an exclusively interstitial lifestyle, living outside open water bodies. While other Pisidium species may live in the interstitial water of semi-terrestrial habitats, this is the first time that an exclusively interstitial lifestyle has been observed for Pisidium and this may explain why P. interstitialis n. sp. has remained undiscovered for so long. To date, despite the examination of large quantities of Central European samples of Pisidium, the new species is only known from the two areas reported in our study. It seems likely that further surveys will show that P. interstitialis n. sp. has a wider and more continuous distribution.

Assessing the effectiveness of mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes for DNA barcoding of farmland spiders in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liang Wang ◽  
Xiao Qing Yang ◽  
Tian Zhao Wang ◽  
Xiaoping Yu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi

Periclimenella agattii sp. nov., a new Palaemonid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from Lakshadweep Islands, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-493
Author(s):  
S. BHARATHI ◽  
P. PURUSHOTHAMAN ◽  
S. AKASH ◽  
SHEENA JOSE ◽  
MANU MADHAVAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Basal Segment ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Recent Collection ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lakshadweep Islands

The recent collection of Palaemonid shrimps from Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea, have provided further additions to the Indian marine fauna. In the manuscript, a new species, Periclimenella agattii sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically most similar to P. spinifera among other congeners, but it strongly differs from that species by having upper the antennular flagellum with 14–16 segments, short free ramus with 12–13 segments, lower antennal flagellum thin and bearing 35–37 segments; 4 minute lateral spines on basal segment of 3rd maxilliped; male palm:carpus ratio of second pereopod higher than in female, propodus of 3rd pereopod with 7–8 ventral spines and hepatic spine with groove. Genetic analysis using the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes sequences proved that, the new species is significantly distinct from the closed related species.

scholarly journals Broad Distribution of Diverse Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria in Chinese Agricultural Soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (19) ◽  
pp. 6167-6172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-dong Shen ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Li-ping Lou ◽  
Wei-ping Liu ◽  
Xiang-yang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soil Ammonium

ABSTRACTAnaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have been detected in many marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, little is known about the distribution, diversity, and abundance of anammox bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, anammox bacteria were found to be present in various agricultural soils collected from 32 different locations in China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes showed “CandidatusBrocadia,” “CandidatusKuenenia,” “CandidatusAnammoxoglobus,” and “CandidatusJettenia” in the collected soils, with “CandidatusBrocadia” being the dominant genus. Quantitative PCR showed that the abundance of anammox bacteria ranged from 6.38 × 104± 0.42 × 104to 3.69 × 106± 0.25 × 106copies per gram of dry weight. Different levels of diversity, composition, and abundance of the anammox bacterial communities were observed, and redundancy analysis indicated that the soil organic content and the distribution of anammox communities were correlated in the soils examined. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the diversity of the anammox bacteria was positively correlated with the soil ammonium content and the organic content, while the anammox bacterial abundance was positively correlated with the soil ammonium content. These results demonstrate the broad distribution of diverse anammox bacteria and its correlation with the soil environmental conditions within an extensive range of Chinese agricultural soils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document