Evolution of host use, group-living and foraging behaviours in kleptoparasitic spiders: molecular phylogeny of the Argyrodinae (Araneae : Theridiidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Chao Su ◽  
Deborah Smith
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Group Living ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Evolutionary Pathway ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Ancestral States ◽  
Foraging Method

Spiders in the subfamily Argyrodinae are known for their associations with other spiders. These associations include predation (araneophagy), web usurpation and kleptoparasitism. Although the majority of the 239 described species are solitary, ~20 species live in groups in the webs of their hosts. We constructed a molecular phylogeny of argyrodine genera and species in order to investigate (1) the evolution of araneophagy and kleptoparasitism, and (2) group-living and its association with particular types of host webs. We investigated the phylogeny of 41 primarily Asian and American species representing six recognised genera of Argyrodinae, using sequences of four genes: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA (16S); and nuclear 28S rRNA (28S) and histone 3 (H3). We used Bayesian methods to reconstruct the ancestral states of three behavioural characters: foraging method, group-living and specialisation on large webs of large hosts. We tested for correlated evolution of group-living behaviour and specialisation on large webs using reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The molecular phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the Argyrodinae. Reconstruction of ancestral states shows the evolutionary pathway of web-invading behaviour in Argyrodinae is from araneophagy to kleptoparasitism, and then to group-living kleptoparasitism. We found the evolution of group-living behaviour is strongly correlated with specialisation on the use of large host webs, which provide a larger food resource than smaller webs.

Asian Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), with description of a new genus and phylogenetic affinities of the tribe Facitorini

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sáez ◽  
Kaoru Maeto ◽  
Alejandro Zaldivar-Riverón ◽  
Sergey Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Rrna Sequences

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Asian genera of the subfamily Betylobraconinae, a small and understudied group within the hymenopteran family Braconidae, is revised. A new genus exclusively from the Asian region, Asiabregma gen. nov., containing three species (A. ryukyuensis sp. nov. (type species, Japan and Malaya), A. makiharai sp. nov. (Japan) and A. sulaensis (van Achterberg), comb. nov. (Indonesia)) is described. One new species of Aulosaphobracon, A. striatus sp. nov. from Vietnam, and one of Facitorus, F. amamioshimus sp. nov. from Japan, are also described. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI mtDNA and 28S rRNA sequences, the three genera previously placed in the tribe Facitorini, Facitorus, Conobregma and Jannya, together with Asiabregma gen. nov., are transferred to the rogadine tribe Yeliconini.

The enigmatic groundwater amphipod Awacaris kawasawai revisited: synonymisation of the genus Sternomoera, with molecular phylogenetic analyses of Awacaris and Sternomoera species (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Pontogeneiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Tomikawa ◽  
Masaki Kyono ◽  
Keiko Kuribayashi ◽  
Takafumi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Kochi Prefecture

Amphipod crustaceans are dominant in subterranean habitats, and members of eight genera are endemic to groundwater environments in the Japanese Archipelago. The taxonomic status of two of these genera remains unclear, because their original descriptions were incomplete. The descriptions of the enigmatic subterranean monotypic genus Awacaris and its type species, A. kawasawai Uéno, 1971, are revisited here. Awacaris kawasawai was originally described based on specimens from a subterranean stream at Himise Cave, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. Recently, a new population of A. kawasawai was found at Saruta Cave, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku. Detailed observation of the newly collected specimens reveals the presence of sternal gills, which is the diagnostic character of the pontogeneiid genus Sternomoera, making the validity of Sternomoera open to question. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I markers demonstrate that A. kawasawai forms a well-supported clade with the subterranean S. morinoi Tomikawa and Ishimaru, 2014. In addition, phylogenetic analysis reveals cryptic diversity in epigean species of Sternomoera. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that catadromous Sternomoera species have evolved from freshwater ancestors. Based on our morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Awacaris and Sternomoera species, it is concluded here that Sternomoera should be treated as a subjective junior synonym of Awacaris.

Leptolejeunea nigra (Lejeuneaceae), a new species with brownish black ocelli based upon morphology and DNA sequences

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 427 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
LEI SHU ◽  
RUI-LIANG ZHU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
A New Species

Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters, a new species from Bangladesh, northern Vietnam, and southwestern China, Leptolejeunea nigra, is described. It is mostly similar to L. balansae but remarkable for having brownish black ocelli in its leaf lobes. In the molecular phylogeny, the samples of L. nigra are not nested within any clade and form an independent lineage. In particular, the molecular dating suggested that the divergence of L. nigra happened in time span of the formation of the Himalayas.

A new amphibious species of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4952 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-494
Author(s):  
SHO TSUKAMOTO ◽  
SHIMPEI F. HIRUTA ◽  
KATSUYUKI EGUCHI ◽  
JHIH-RONG LIAO ◽  
SATOSHI SHIMANO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Ryukyu Archipelago ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

In Japan and Taiwan, five valid species of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 have been described: S. morsitans Linnaeus, 1758, S. subspinipes Leach, 1816, S. mutilans Koch, 1878, S. japonica Koch, 1878, and S. multidens Newport, 1844. Recently, an undetermined species was found in the Ryukyu Archipelago and Taiwan. Using molecular phylogenetic analyses with mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA and nuclear 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes as well as conventional morphological examination, we successfully discriminated this sixth species as an independent lineage from S. subspinipes, S. mutilans, and other named congeners from East and Southeast Asia. Therefore, the species was described as S. alcyona Tsukamoto & Shimano, sp. nov. Several situational evidences suggest that this species prefers streamside environments and exhibits amphibious behavior. 

Molecular phylogeny of several species of Hoplolaimina (Nematoda: Tylenchida) associated with turfgrass in Korea, with comments on their morphology

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Abraham Okki Mwamula ◽  
Gayeong Lee ◽  
Yeong Ho Kim ◽  
Young Ho Kim ◽  
Kwang-Soo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Its Rrna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pratylenchus Zeae

Summary Seven species belonging to Suborder Hoplolaimina are characterised using integrative taxonomy, considering both morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the 28S-rRNA, ITS-rRNA and COI gene sequences. It is evident that, as more populations of Pratylenchus zeae are continuously characterised, the species continues to display an ever-increasing intraspecific genetic variation within the 28S-rRNA and ITS-rRNA genes. However, the COI gene sequences exhibit minimum intraspecific variation and thus might be the most powerful DNA barcoding marker for the precise identification of P. zeae and should therefore be recommended as a complementary technique in the identification process of the species. Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne graminicola and Heterodera pratensis are characterised herein for the first time in Korea, while the presence in Korea of P. penetrans, P. scribneri, H. avenae, and M. marylandi, is molecularly confirmed.

scholarly journals New Data Define the Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Four Freshwater Suctorian Ciliates With Redefinition of Two Families Heliophryidae and Cyclophryidae (Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea, Suctoria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhen Ma ◽  
Yuqing Li ◽  
Qingxiang Yuan ◽  
Xuetong Zhao ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Four suctorian ciliates, Cyclophrya magna Gönnert, 1935, Peridiscophrya florea (Kormos & Kormos, 1958) Dovgal, 2002, Heliophrya rotunda (Hentschel, 1916) Matthes, 1954 and Dendrosoma radians Ehrenberg, 1838, were collected from a freshwater lake in Ningbo, China. The morphological redescription and molecular phylogenetic analyses of these ciliates were investigated. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from SSU rDNA sequences show that all three suctorian orders, Endogenida, Evaginogenida, and Exogenida, are monophyletic and that the latter two clusters as sister clades. The newly sequenced P. florea forms sister branches with C. magna, while sequences of D. radians group with those from H. rotunda within Endogenida. The family Heliophryidae, which is comprised of only two genera, Heliophrya and Cyclophrya, was previously assigned to Evaginogenida. There is now sufficient evidence, however, that the type genus Heliophrya reproduces by endogenous budding, which corresponds to the definitive feature of Endogenida. In line with this and with the support of molecular phylogenetic analyses, we therefore transfer the family Heliophryidae with the type genus Heliophrya to Endogenida. The other genus, Cyclophrya, still remains in Evaginogenida because of its evaginative budding. Therefore, combined with morphological and phylogenetic analysis, Cyclophyidae are reactivated, and it belongs to Evaginogenida.

A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Simbok Cave, Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4731 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHI-WOO LEE ◽  
KO TOMIKAWA ◽  
TAKAFUMI NAKANO ◽  
GI-SIK MIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Subterranean Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Honshu Island

A new subterranean species of pseudocrangonyctid amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx joolaei, is described from the groundwater of a cave in South Korea. Pseudocrangonyx joolaei sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the number of sternal gills as well as a combination of the antennal sinus, the accessory flagellum of antenna 1, and the terminal article of uropod 3. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 28S rRNA and histone H3, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes revealed that P. joolaei sp. nov. formed a clade with P. akatsukai Tomikawa & Nakano, 2018 that inhabits limestone caves in the western Honshu island, Japan. 

scholarly journals Urban emergence of Dermanyssus gallinae lineage L1 and Ornithonyssus sylviarum in Hungary: phylogenetic differentiation between the roles of migrating vs transported synanthropic birds

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hornok ◽  
Nóra Takács ◽  
Gábor Sipos ◽  
Pál Morandini ◽  
Attila D. Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ornithonyssus Sylviarum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
House Martin

Abstract Background Among Dermanyssoidea, the chicken red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and the northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) are considered to be the cause of high economic losses endured by the poultry industry in the Holarctic region, with O. sylviarum predominating in North America and D. gallinae in Europe. Both species have a short life-cycle (thereby allowing a rapid build-up of massive infestations), a wide range of hosts, synanthropic presence and the ability to bite humans. The aim of this study was to analyze dermanyssoid mite specimens, collected in two human dwellings and two racing pigeon premises in different urban areas in Hungary, with molecular–phylogenetic methods. Methods Mite species were identified morphologically. This was followed by DNA extraction and molecular–phylogenetic analyses of selected mites, based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and 28S rRNA (28S) genes. Results Mites that had invaded a home from a pigeon nest and were linked to human dermatitis were morphologically and molecularly identified as D. gallinae special lineage L1. Specimens collected at all other sampling sites were identified as O. sylviarum, including mites that had invaded a home from a house martin (Delichon urbicum) nest, as well as those which were collected from racing pigeons. House martin- or pigeon-associated O. sylviarum specimens showed the highest sequence identity and closest phylogenetic relationship with conspecific mites reported in GenBank from Israel or Canada, respectively. Conclusions Detailed morphological and molecular–phylogenetic analyses of D. gallinae lineage L1 confirmed its status as a cryptic species within D. gallinae (s.l.). Taking into account the well-documented latitudinal migratory routes of house martins between Hungary and Africa, O. sylviarum associated with this bird species most likely arrived on its host from the eastern Mediterranean region. On the other hand, mites collected from pigeons in Hungary showed cox1 genetic homogeneity with North American O. sylviarum, which can only be explained by a long-distance (west-to-east intercontinental) connection of birds and their mites as part of human activity (e.g. transportation to exhibitions or trading). In summary, this is the first molecularly confirmed and phylogenetically analyzed case of O. sylviarum infestation of birds in Hungary, implicating urban environment and involving distant parts of the country. This is also the first report of D. gallinae lineage L1 in central Europe.

scholarly journals A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADEEP K. DIVAKAR ◽  
ANA CRESPO ◽  
JANO NÚÑEZ-ZAPATA ◽  
ADAM FLAKUS ◽  
HARRIE J.M. SIPMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Nuclear Its

Recently, molecular phylogenetic studies have revolutionized the generic concepts in Parmeliaceae and in lichen forming fungi in general. In the present study, the generic delimitation in the Hypotrachyna clade is revised using a molecular phylogeny of nuclear ITS, LSU and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences of 88 hypotrachynoid taxa. Morphological and chemical features are also revised in each group. 118 sequences are newly generated for this study. Our phylogenetic analyses show the polyphyly of Hypotrachyna as currently circumscribed which falls into four well-supported and one unsupported clade. Cetrariastrum, Everniastrum and Parmelinopsis are nested within Hypotrachyna s. lat., Parmelinopsis being also polyphyletic and nested in one of the Hypotrachyna clades. Cetrariastrum is monophyletic but clustered within Everniastrum. Two alternative hypotheses tests significantly rejected the monophyly of these three genera. As a consequence, the genera Cetrariastrum, Everniastrum, and Parmelinopsis are reduced to synonymy with Hypotrachyna. Furthermore, we here propose an alternative classification to recognize the well-supported clades at subgeneric level and leave the remaining species unclassified within the genus. Five new subgenera are proposed: Hypotrachyna subgen. Cetrariastrum, Hypotrachyna subgen. Everniastrum, Hypotrachyna subgen. Longilobae, Hypotrachyna subgen. Parmelinopsis, and Hypotrachyna subgen. Sinuosae. Forty-nine new combinations are proposed.

scholarly journals Systematic re-structure and new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) after morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the North East Atlantic fauna

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 1-97
Author(s):  
María Capa ◽  
Arne Nygren ◽  
Julio Parapar ◽  
Torkild Bakken ◽  
Karin Meißner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Detailed morphological study of more than 2600 North East Atlantic (NEA) sphaerodorids (SphaerodoridaeAnnelida) and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of representatives of several identified morphospecies enforced changing the current systematic classification within the family allowed the discovery of new species provided new information about the morphological and genetic characterisation of members of this group and increased the species occurrence data to better infer their geographic and bathymetric distribution ranges. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and mitochondrial sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) of NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids revealed outstanding results including paraphyly of the generaSphaerodoropsisSphaerodoridium, andSphaerephesia. The number of longitudinal and transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles is proposed as potential synapomorphies for the main clades and are consequently herein used for the genera delimitation. The new classification proposed here implies nomenclatural changes and the erection of a new genusGeminofilumgen. n.to accommodate the species previously considered asSphaerodoropsiswith two transverse rows of dorsal macrotubercles per segment. Four species are being described herein:EuritmianordicaCapa & Bakkensp. n.SphaerephesiamultichaetaCapa Moreira & Paraparsp. n.SphaerephesiaponsiCapa Parapar & Moreirasp. n.andSphaerodoridiumceliaeMoreira Capa & Paraparsp. n.Characterisation of the other 21 species including updated iconography and an identification key to all NEA short-bodied sphaerodorids are provided.

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