Evaluation of the evolution of jaw morphology in New World hirudiniform leeches, with a description of a new blood-feeding species of Oxyptychus (Annelida:Hirudiniformes) from the Peruvian Amazon

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa ◽  
Amalie K. Barrio ◽  
Maria I. Aldea-Guevara ◽  
Mark E. Siddall
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Null Distribution ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogeny Reconstruction ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
A New Species

Morphological characters of well-established taxonomic utility are infrequently examined for their relative phylogenetic consistency. Second only to characters of reproductive anatomy, jaw morphology and dentition commonly are employed as diagnostic characters for hirudiniform leeches, yet these features are highly variable across the group. Patterns of change were investigated for number of jaws and number of denticles per jaw in a phylogenetic context across 17 hirudiniform leeches representing three families. Phylogeny reconstruction employed 16 morphological characters, as well as two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci, and was evaluated with parsimony and likelihood. Rather than constrain the ancestral number of denticles to extant states, this meristic was optimised with squared-change parsimony. The degree to which dentition patterns were explained by phylogenetic relationships was assessed against a null distribution defined by permutation of extant states across terminals. Dentition was found to be non-randomly explained by phylogeny and, thus, corroborative of relationships among hirudiniform leeches as well as of the uniqueness of a new species of Oxyptychus described here from the Peruvian Amazon.

A new species of Amaurobius C.L. Koch, 1837 (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) from Apennine Mountains (Italy) with the description of the male of A. pavesii Pesarini, 1991

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4276 (4) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO BALLARIN ◽  
PAOLO PANTINI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Amaurobius C.L. Koch, 1837, Amaurobius pesarinii sp. n., from the Apennine Mountains (Italy) is described on the basis of both sexes. The male of A. pavesii Pesarini, 1991, previously unknown, is also described. Females of A. pavesii and both sexes of the similar A. scopolii Thorell, 1871 are re-described. Detailed description of morphological characters allow clear separation between these species and the closely related A. ferox (Walckenaer, 1820). Their phylogenetic relationships among the most common Italian Amaurobius species are discussed on the basis of molecular data (partial fragments of the genes COI, 16S and H3), together with their distribution across the Italian Peninsula. This is the first contribution to a multi-locus phylogenetic tree of European Amaurobius species. The synonymy of A. sciakyi Pesarini, 1991 with A. ruffoi Thaler, 1990 is proposed based on morphological characters. 

scholarly journals A new species of planthopper in the genus Haplaxius (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) from coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) in Costa Rica

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4963 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-422
Author(s):  
EDWIN A. BARRANTES BARRANTES ◽  
MARCO A. ZUMBADO ECHAVARRIA ◽  
CHARLES R. BARTLETT ◽  
ERICKA E. HELMICK ◽  
BRIAN W. BAHDER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coconut Palm ◽  
North Central ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
A New Species

Haplaxius is a large genus of cixiid planthoppers that is widespread in the New World and economically important due to the role of H. crudus in transmitting palm lethal decline phytoplasmas. A new species of Haplaxius, here described as Haplaxius pocococo sp. n., was discovered during survey work on palms in north-central Costa Rica. Placement in Haplaxius is supported by sequence analysis of the COI and 18S genes relative to congeners and by morphological characters.

Systematics and biogeography of Salina MacGillivray (Collembola: Entomobryoidea), with emphasis on the species groups in the New World

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-138
Author(s):  
Fábio G.L. Oliveira ◽  
Nikolas G. Cipola ◽  
Eduardo A.B. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
Group Distribution

Nine new species of the collembolan genus Salina MacGillivray from South America are described and illustrated. Two Neotropical species were recorded for the first time from Brazil: S. dedoris Mari-Mutt and S. tristani Denis. Salina was previously known to occur in three Brazilian states, and this is now updated to include 19 states with 12 recorded species. A new proposal of morphological character description and illustration, and an identification key for the celebensis group are provided. A hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among 34 species of Salina (about 50% of the 72 described species) allowed three main pursuits: (a) a reevaluation of Salina species groups; (b) the first explicit interpretation of how morphological characters of these springtails may have changed during the course of the diversification of the taxon; and (c) an evaluation of the historical biogeographic connections of Salina, with an emphasis on the celebensis group distribution to the New World.

On the spider genus Weintrauboa (Araneae, Pimoidae), with a description of a new species from China and comments on its phylogenetic relationships

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1814 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HORMIGA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
A New Species

Weintrauboa yele new species (Pimoidae) is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in China. The taxonomic status and distribution of Weintrauboa insularis (Saito, 1935) new combination and of W. chikunii (Oi, 1979) are discussed and the former species is illustrated based on specimens from the Sakhalin islands. Parsimony analysis of morphological characters provides support for the monophyly of Weintrauboa and for its sister group relationship to the genus Putaoa Hormiga and Tu, 2008. Some comments on the phylogenetic placement of the recently erected family “Sinopimoidae” are provided.

Phylogenetic relationships of three genera of Erpobdellidae (Hirudinoidea), with a description of a new genus, Motobdella, and species, Motobdella sedonensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2164-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric R Govedich ◽  
Dean W Blinn ◽  
Paul Keim ◽  
Ronald W Davies
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Fingerprinting Methods

A new genus, Motobdella, is recognized for Erpobdella montezuma Davies, Singhal, and Blinn, 1985. In addition, a new species for this genus, Motobdella sedonensis, is described. Morphological characters that include the presence of crop caeca, number and size of the eyes, arrangement of the eyes, arrangement of ovisacs, position of the gonopore, structure and size of the sensilla, coloration, and position of the anus distinguish this new genus from Erpobdella and Nephelopsis. DNA fingerprinting methods were used to examine the phylogenetic relationships of these genera and corroborated the morphological data supporting the evolution of this genus with two distinct species.

A new species of Hydrobaenus Fries, 1830 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Algeria

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2507 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
KARIMA ZERGUINE ◽  
BRUNO ROSSARO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Character State ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
A New Species

Hydrobaenus olfa n. sp. from Algeria is described and illustrated as male, pupal exuviae and larva. The new species is assigned to the genus Hydrobaenus Fries, 1830 according to morphological characters observable in all the three stages, it is easily separated from all the other known species of the genus because of the high number of anal macrosetae on anal lobe of pupa; this character state is actually unknown within all the known species of the Hydrobaenus group, whereas it is observed in other genera within Orthocladiinae as in the genus Propsilocerus Kieffer, 1923. For this reason the description of the genus Hydrobaenus must be emended. This character gives additional evidence to the phylogenetic relationships between the primitive genera of Orthocladiinae.

A new species of Thaumastocoris Kirkaldy from Argentina (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae: Thaumastocorinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1228 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIEGO LEONARDO CARPINTERO ◽  
PABLO MATÍAS DELLAPÉ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
A New Species

Thaumastocoris peregrinus n. sp. from Argentina is described. New morphological characters are studied and compared with other related species. This is the first record of a member of the subfamily Thaumastocorinae (Thaumastocoridae) from the New World.

scholarly journals A new vine snake (Reptilia, Colubridae, Oxybelis) from Peru and redescription of O. acuminatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Robert C. Jadin ◽  
Michael J. Jowers ◽  
Sarah A. Orlofske ◽  
William E. Duellman ◽  
Christopher Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

The Brown Vine Snake, Oxybelis aeneus, was until recently considered a single species, distributed from southern Arizona through the Neotropics into southeastern Brazil. However, newly conducted research restructured the species with a substantial taxonomic revision, recognizing five additional taxa (i.e. O. koehleri, O. microphthalmus, O. potosiensis, O. rutherfordi, O. vittatus) in this species complex. This revision focused on populations in North America, Central America, and northern South America while neglecting the southern portion of its distribution. Here, we examine the taxonomic history of the complex and use it along with specimen data to resurrect O. acuminatus from southeastern Brazil. Finally, we describe a new species from the Peruvian Amazon based on morphological characters. This work increases the species diversity of the O. aeneus complex to eight, and we expect further increases in biodiversity discoveries with continued exploration of the New World vine snakes.

A New Species of Justicia (Acanthaceae: Acanthoideae: Justicieae) from Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-333
Author(s):  
Camila Alcantara ◽  
Gleison Soares ◽  
Francisco de Assis Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Marccus Alves
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—Justicia rubrobracteata, a new species from northeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to J. aequilabris due to its shrubby habit, and terminal and axillary spicate inflorescences with red flowers. However, J. rubrobracteata is differentiated mainly by the shape and color of its bracts and bracteoles as well as an orangish macula in the corolla, and a torulose capsule. In addition, J. rubrobracteata is only known from northeastern Brazil, from the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, while J. aequilabris is widely distributed in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. A table with the main morphological characters of both species is included, as well as photographs, a key to species of Justicia for the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte in northeastern Brazil, a distribution map of both species, and conservation data for the new species.

A remarkable pogonophoran from a desalted shallow near the mouth of the Yenisey River in the Kara Sea, with the description of a new species of the genus Galathealinum (Annelida: Pogonophora: Frenulata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
R.V. Smirnov ◽  
O.V. Zaitseva ◽  
A.A. Vedenin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
External Layer ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Unusual Finding

A new species of Pogonophora obtained from one station at a depth of 25 m from near the Dikson Island in the Kara Sea is described. Galathealinum karaense sp. nov. is one of the largest pogonophorans, the first known representative of the rare genus Galathealinum Kirkegaard, 1956 in the Eurasian part of the Arctic Ocean and a highly unusual finding for the desalted shallow of the Yenisey Gulf. Several characters occurring in the new species are rare or unique among the congeners: under-developed, hardly discernible frills on the tube segments, extremely thin felted fibres in the external layer of the tube, and very faintly separated papillae in the anterior part of the trunk. Morphological characters useful in distinguishing species within the genus Galathealinum are defined and summarised in a table. Diagnosis of the genus Galathealinum is emended and supplemented by new characters. Additionally, three taxonomic keys are provided to the species of Galathealinum and to the known species of the Arctic pogonophorans using either animals or their empty tubes only, with the brief zoogeographical information on each Arctic species.

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